UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.versusSONIC ELECTROCHEM (P) LTD. AND ANR.

                          UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.                                   A

JJ                                        v.
                  SONIC ELECTROCHEM (P) LTD. AND ANR.

                               SEPTEMBER 17, 2002

        (SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI AND S.N. VARIAVA, JJ.]                           B


           Cemral Excise Tari.ff Act, 1985:

            Schedule-Sub heading 85.16-Excise duty on plastic body of Electro
     Mosquito Repel/ant (EMR) and 'Fragrant Mat'-EMR exempted under C
     clause(d) of Notification No. 160186-CE dated 1.3.1986-Revenue issuing
     show cause notice to respondent-manufacturer, demanding excise duty on
     plastic body of EMR as it fell within 'domestic electrical appliances' and on
     fragrant mat-According to the Revenue, the items were chargeable to excise
     duty respectively under clause 5(j) of Notification No.160186-CE dated March D
      /, 1986 and sub-heading 3307.49 of the Act-High Court quashed the show
     cause notices holding that plastic body was not 'goods' within the meaning
      of Tari.ff Act and not liable to excise duty. as also that 'Fragrant Mat' did
      not answer the description of sub-heading 3307.49-Held, plastic body,
      which is a part of EMR of respondent-manufacturer, is not 'good' so as to
      be liable to duty as part of EMR under clause 5(d) of the Notification-It E
      is being manufactured by respondents for its captive consumption-ft is not
     a product in the market with any commercial name-The essence of
      marketability is neither in the form nor in the shape or condition in which
      the manufactured articles are to be found, it is the commercial identity of the
     articles known to the market for being brought and sold-Plastic body of F
     EMR does not satisfY these criteria-Fragrant Mats are classified under sub-
     heading 3307.41 and not under 3307.49.

           A.P. State Electricity Boardv. Collector of Central Excise, Hyderabad,
     119941 2 sec 428, referred to.
                                                                                    G
           Sub-heading 3307.41- 'Agarbatti' 'Dhoop' and similar preparations-
     'Fragrant Mat', a mosquito repel/ant-Excise duty-Revenue contending
     that 'Fragrant Mat' being a mosquito repel/ant could not be brought under
     sub-heading 3307.41 as it could not be said to be 'Agrabatti' or 'Dhoop'-
     Held, not merely 'Agarballi' and 'Dhoop · but preparations which are akin
                                                                                    H
                                         475
    476                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A to 'Agarbatti' and 'Dhoop' and which can produce vapour on bu ming and
    spread perfiune would fall within 1he meaning of the enl1J~From the process
    of manufacture of Fragranl ,\/a1. ir cw11101 but be held !hat preparation in
    Mat form is similar lo that of' 'Agarhulli '-Therefore, Fragra/1/ Mats are
                                                                                       I
    c/ass(fiable under Sub-Heading 3301.41 and not under 3307.49 of the Tarrif
B   Act.

           Words and Phrases
                                                ,
           'goods'-Meaning of in the co111ex1 of Excise Tariff Ac1. 1985.

           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 182of1995.
c
         From the Judgment and Order dated 24.3.1994 of the Madhya Pradesh
    High Court in M.P. Nos. 1817 of 1991.

                                        WITH

D          C.A. Nos 108/95 and 1649 of 1996.

         Mukul Rohtagi, Additional Solicitor General, N.K. Bajpai, Hemant Shanna,
    Ms. Rekha Pandey and B. Krishna Prasad for the Appellants.

           A.R. Madhav Rao, Alok Yadav, M.P. Devnath, Vishwanath Shukla,
E Vivek Gambhir and V. Balachandran for the Respondents.
           The following Order of the Cou11 was delivered :

         In these appeals, the short question that arise for consideration is:
    whether plastic body, a part of Electro Mosquito Repellant, and 'Fragrant
F   Mat' are chargeable to excise duty under Clause 5(t) of Notification 160\86-
    CE dated March I, 1986 and Sub-Heading 3307.49, respectively, of the Central
    Excise Tariff Act, 1985.

        Show cause notices were issued to the appellants under Section I 1-A
  of the Central Excise Act, 1944 (for short, 'the Excise Act'] by the
G Superintendent Central Excise Range II, Pithampur, raising demand of excise
  duty on plastic body of Electro Mosquito Repellant (for short, 'E.M.R. ')
  [which falls within 'Domestic electrical appliances] classifiable under Sub
  Heading 85.16 of the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 (for short, 'the Tariff Act')
  and on Fragrant mat. The respondents in Civil Appeal Nos. 182 of 1995 and
H I08 of 1995 filed writ petitions, under A11icle 226 of the Constitution, before
                U.0.1. v. SONIC ELECTROCHEM (P) LTD.                      477
the High Court of Madhya Pradesh challenging the validity of the show cause      A
notices. However, the respondent in Civil Appeal No.1649 of 1996 filed reply
before the concerned authorities. The Collector of Customs and Central Excise,
Indore, confirmed the demand which was assalied before Customs, Excise
and Gold (control) Appellate Tribunal in appeal. The High Court, in writ
petitions, held that the 'plastic body' is not 'goods' within the meaning of     B
the Tariff Act and, therefore, it is not liable to excise duty and that the
Fragrant Mat, did not answer the description of Sub-Heading 3307 .49 and,
therefore, it quashed the show cause notices. Against the judgment and order
of the High Court dated March 24, 1994, allowing in the writ petitions, the
aforesaid two appeals; being Civil Appeal Nos. 182 of 1995 and I 08 of 1995,
are filed by the Revenue. Civil Appeal No.1696 arose from the order of the       C
customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal dated April 6, 1995,
allowing the appeal in the light of the said judgment of the High Court of
Madhya Pradesh.

      Mr. Mukul Rohtagi learned Additional Solicitor General, argues that, so
far as the plastic body is concerned, it is a finished product; it cannot be     D
termed as an intermediate product and the fact that it is not being bought and
sold in the market, will not militate against the marketability of the goods,
therefore, it is liable to excise duty under clause 5(f) of Notification No.
160\86-CE. In support of his contention, he relies upon the judgment of this
Court in A.P. State Electricity Board v. Collector ofcentral Excise, Hyderabad   E
[1994] 2 sec 428.

      Mr. A.R. Madhava Rao, learned counsel appearing for the respondents-
assessees, submits that the plastic body is manufactured to cater to the
requirements of the respondents' EMR. The plastic body is not a standardised
item and is not known by any name in the market and as such the High court F
has rightly found that it is not marketable.

       It is a common ground that EMR, is exempt under clause 5(d) of
Notification No.160\ 1986-CE dated March 1, 1986. The case of the Revenue
is that under clause 5(f) of the said Notification, the plastic body, a part of
EMR, is liable to excise duty.                                                  G
      To appreciate the contentions of the learned counsel, it would be apt
to read the Notification in question, ins·ofar as it is relevant, here:

       "Electric motors, generators, appliances, etc., falling under specified
       heading of chapter 84 or 85.                                            H ··
    478 .                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A             In exertise of the powers ctlhferred by sub-rule (I) of rule 8 of the
              Central Excise Rules, l944, the Central Government hereby exempts
              the goods specified in column (3) of the Table hereto annexed and
              falling undllr the Heading No. or Sub Heading No. of the Schedule to
              the Cllntral Excise Tariff Act, 1985 (5 of 1986), specified in the
              tufl~ponding entry in column (2) of the said Table, from so much of
B             the duty of excise leviable thereon which is specified in the said
              Schedule, as is in excess of the amount calculated at the rates specified
               in the corresponding entry in column (4) of the said Table.

    SI. No.     Heading No. or Sub-             Description of goods        Rate
c               Heading No.
                of the Schedule to
                The Central Excise
                Tariff Act, 1985.

                2                               3                              4
D
    5.          85.16                           (a) to (c) xx x
                                                (d) Other domestic
                                                    electrical appliances      Nill
                                                (e) xx x
E
                                                (t) Parts                      20%
                                                                            ad valorem

        As can be seen from the excerpts of the Notification in question, the
  EMR has been exempted from the payment of excise duty but the parts of
F EMR are liable to duty at the rate of the twenty percent ad valorem. There
  is no dispute that the plastic body is a part of EMR. but for the purpose of
  clause (f) a part will be liable to duty only if it satisfies the attributes of
  'goods' within the meaning of the Tariff Act. The twin requirements of
  'goods' under the Tariff Act are : (a) manufacture and (b) marketability.
G Insofar as the first requirement is concerned, there is no dispute that plastic
  body is being manufactured by the respondents. The germane question is
  whether it has marketability. The plastic body is being manufactured to suit
  the requirements of the EMR of the respondents and is not available in the
  market for being bought and sold. It is not a standardised item or goods
  known and generally dealt with in the market. It is being manufactured by the
H respondents for its captive consumption. It is not a product known in the
                 U.0.1. v. SONIC ELECTROCHEM (P)L TD.                       479
market with any commercial name.                                                    A
       We do not consider it necessary to discuss the cases on the question
of marketability, as this court has dealt with all relevant cases in A. f'. State
Electricity Board's case (supra). In that case, the question was whether
electric poles manufactured with cement and steel for the appellant-Board
where marketable. After considering various cases on the question of                B
marketability of goods, Jeevan Reddy, J., speaking for the Court, summed up
the position thus.:

        "It would be evident from the facts and ratio of the above decisions
        that the goods in each case were found to be not marketable. Whether        C
        it is refined oil (non-deodorised) concerned in Union of fndia v. Delhi
        Cloth and General Mills, (1963) Suppl. I [SCR] 586 or Kiln gas in
        South Bihar Sugar Mills Ltd. v. Union of India, (I 968) 3 SCR 21 or
        aluminium cans with rough uneven surface in Union Carbide India
        Ltd v. Union ofIndia, [1986] 2 SCC 547 or PVC films in Bhor Industries
        Ltd v. Collector of Central Excise, [1989] I sec 602 or hydrolysate         D
        in Collector of Central Excise v. Ambalal Sarabhai Enterprise,
        [1989] 4 sec 112 the finding in each case on the basis of the material
        before the Court was that the articles in question were not marketable
        and were not known to the market as such. The 'marketability' is
        thus essentially a question of fact to be decided on the facts of each      E
        case. There can be no generalisation. The fact that the goods were
        not in fact marketed is of no relevance."

        It may be noticed that in the cases referred to in the passage, quoted
above, the reasons for holding the articles 'not marketable' are different ,
however they are not exhaustive. It is difficult to lay down a precise test to p
determine marketability of articles. Marketability of goods has certain attributes.
The essence of marketability is neither in the form nor in the shape or
condition in which the manufactured articles are to be found, it is the commercial
identity of the articles known to the market for being bought and sold. The
fact that the product in question is generally not being bought and sold or
has no demand in the market would be irrelevant. The plastic body of EMR G
does not satisfy the aforementioned criteria. There are some competing
manufacturers of EMR. Each is having a different plastic body to suit its
design and requirement. If one goes to the market to purchase plastic body
of EMR of the respondents either for replacement or otherwise one cannot
get it in the market because at present it is not a commercially known product. H
    480                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
A For these reasons, the plastic body, which is a part of the EMR of the
    respondents, is not 'goods' so as to be liable to duty as parts of EMR under
    para S(d) of the said exemption notification.

            The next point relates to the classification of the Fragrant Mat: whether
    it is cl<1ssifiable under sub-heading 3307.41 or 3307.49. The Revenue's case
B   is that the Mat, being mosquito repellant, cannot be brought under Sub-
    Heading 3307.41 as by no stretch of imagination it can be said to be [Agarbatti'
    or 'Dhoop' and it cannot also be used·during religious rites.

           The Sub-Headings read as follows

c Heading        Sub                Description of goods                 Rate of
    No..         Heading                                                 duty
                 No.

                 2                  3                                    4

D 33.07          3307.41            -'Agarbatti', 'Dhoop'                Nil
                                    and similar
                                    preparations ·
                                    is whatever form
                 3307.49            --Other                               15%
E
          Sub-Heading 3307.30 refers to 'preparations for perfuming or deodorising
    rooms, including odoriferous preparations used during religious rites'. Under
    sub-heading 3307.30 is a further sub-heading 3307.41 in which are grouped
    'Agarbatti, [Dhoop' and similar preparations in whatever form. A careful
    reading of sub-heading 3307.41 shows that preparations similar to that of
F   'Agarbatti' and 'Dhoop' also fall under it. Does the Fragrant Mat of the
    respondents fall under it? The process of preparation of the Fragrant Mat is
    given by the respondents in the writ petitions filed before the High Courts
    follows:

            "On the same pattern the petitioner also planned to innovate
G           conventional Agarbatti - a concept of JETAGE Agarbatti. In first place
            the petitioner has changed the body, i.e. instead of woodflour and
            charcol dough which forms the body of Agarbatti, the petitioner
            developed a Paper Mat. Secondly, the perfumes and spreading agents
            like D.E.P., Fragrances, Alcohol etc. are put in the dough and sticks
H           made. In petitioner's came (sick) the perfume and the same chemicals
                U.0.1. v. SONIC ELECTROCHEM (P) LTD.                      481
       are put in paper Mats. Thirdly, Perfumes and Spreading Chemicals get       A
       the heat through turning of woodflour and charcol stick whe;1 stick
       is burnt with the Match stick. The perfumes and chemicals in traditional
       Agarbatti bums and spread perfume. If final burning media are used
       there will be less smoke. Therefor~. smoke and ash does not identifying
       the Agarbatti. Finer the burning Chemicals, finer will be smoke added      B
       to it, if finer the burning medial (Regular heat) finer will smoke or
       vapours."

      It is further stated that to repel mosquitos with insecticides, coil
insecticides are used to be spread through fire with its natural concomitant
with smoke and ash of which mosquito mat is a latest development technology,      C
but the one manufactured by the respondents is different and is a Fragrant
Mat. This is not specifically denied by the Revenue. What is stated in the
counter affidavit field by the Revenue, is that 'Mat' cannot be said to be
'Agarbatti' by any stretch of imagination and the Mat cannot be used in
substitution of 'Agarbatti' on religious rites.
                                                                                  D
      We have already mentioned above that not merely 'Agarbatti' and
'Dhoo' but preparations which are akin to 'Agarbatti' and 'Dhoop' and
which can produce vapour on burning and spread perfume would fall within
the meaning _of that entry. From the process of manufacture of Fragrant Mat,
noted above, it cannot but be held that preparation in Mat form is similar to
that of 'Agarbatti'. Therefore, Fragrant, Mats are classifiable under Sub-        E
Heading 3307.41 and not under 3307.49 of the Tariff Act.

     In this view of the matter, we do not find any illegality in the orders
under challenge. The Civil Appeals are, therefore, dismissed. There shall be
no order as to costs.
                                                                                  F
RP.                                                       Appeals dismissed.