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96 judgments · newest first · showing 1–96
The Supreme Court examined a public‑interest writ petition filed by civil‑society activists alleging that the State of Chhattisgarh, with the Union's financial support, was employing thousands of barely literate tribal youths as Special Police Officers (SPOs) and arming them to combat …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of Rule 44 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955, which bans the sale and manufacture of non‑iodised common salt. Several writ petitions and transfer petitions challenging this rule were consolidated, and the Court allowed the transfer of …
The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition filed by former Union Law Minister Ram Jethmalani and others alleging that large sums of unaccounted money were being held by Indian individuals and entities in foreign banks, notably involving Hassan Ali Khan and the Tapurias, and that the Union of …
The Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), run by the Army Welfare Education Society, admitted only wards of army personnel based on a Delhi Government exemption, ignoring merit and statutory reservations. The Indian Medical Association and several candidates challenged this policy, arguing that …
The appellant held a lease of 75 acres of land within the East Aletty Reserved Forest, originally granted in 1949 for areca nut cultivation. The lease expired in 1999-2000 and the appellant sought renewal, but the Karnataka State Government refused, citing the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 and …
The appellants, senior teachers of RK Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, challenged the appointment of a monk (respondent No.3) as principal, alleging he was junior and lacked the statutory qualifications prescribed in Government Order No. 149‑Edn(CP) 1994 and the West Bengal College Acts. The …
The Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board allotted industrial sites to respondents under lease‑cum‑sale agreements that contained a clause allowing the Board to fix the final price "as soon as it may be convenient." After a gap of 13 years the Board issued letters demanding a substantially …
The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Preetam and four others with murder, assault and rioting under Sections 302, 149, 307 and 323 of the Indian Penal Code for the killing of Guiab and Chhatrapal. The trial court convicted them, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them on the ground of …
The appellants, a Technical Officer and a Statistical Officer in the Uttar Pradesh Excise Group ‘A’ Service, challenged a 1999 amendment that excluded their cadres from promotion to Deputy Excise Commissioner, arguing that ten vacancies that arose before the amendment should be filled under the old …
The Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanam (TTD) Board extended the service of retired Parpathedar P. Seshadri on a contract basis beyond the age of sixty. Respondent S. Mangati Gopal Reddy filed a writ petition, styled as a public‑interest litigation, alleging that the extensions violated Rule 13 of the …
The appellant, whose son was allegedly killed in a fake police encounter, filed a criminal case against five police officers under Sections 120B, 364, 302, 201 and 1208 of the IPC. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) investigated the matter and submitted a charge‑sheet implicating the …
The father of a deceased student filed a transfer petition under Section 46 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, alleging that his son was killed in a fake police encounter in Dehradun and that the local police continued to exert undue influence over the CBI investigation. The petitioner claimed …
The case concerned the custodial death of Mathura, who was taken into police custody, subjected to electric shock torture, and died shortly after release. The trial court acquitted the police officers, but the High Court convicted them under IPC sections 304 Part II and 330, relying on medical …
The appellant, Nilesh Dinkar Paradkar, was convicted under the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) and the IPC based largely on voice identification of a recorded telephone conversation. The High Court upheld his conviction while acquitting the other accused, relying on the officer's …
The original plaintiff, Lanka Venkateswarlu, filed a suit for title and injunction which was appealed after his death in 1990. The High Court ordered the government pleader to bring the legal heirs on record within a week, failing which the appeal would be dismissed. The appeal was dismissed on 6 …
The appellant was apprehended while carrying a bag that contained 1.75 kg of opium and was convicted under Section 18 of the NDPS Act. He challenged the conviction on several grounds, including non‑compliance with Section 50 of the NDPS Act, the admissibility of his consent statement under Section …
The State alleged that Dr. Mahender Singh Dahiya strangulated his wife Namita during their honeymoon in Brussels, dismembered her body and disposed of the parts, while the prosecution failed to produce a weapon, reliable forensic identification of the body parts, or a clear motive. The trial court …
The case involved an alleged assault and murder of the father and nephew of PW‑1 (Kaldhari) by three accused (A‑1, A‑2, A‑3) using knives and spears. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the testimony of PW‑1 and two other eyewitnesses (PW‑2, PW‑3), who claimed to have identified the accused with …
The appellants, two fine‑art auctioneers, auctioned two paintings that were later seized by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as antiques. The CBI, relying on the ASI report, registered an FIR under IPC s.120B and the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 s.25(1) read with s.3, and filed a …
Manoj Kumar Pradhan, a sitting MLA, was convicted under IPC sections 147, 326 read with 149 and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. He and another convict appealed, and the Orissa High Court granted him bail on the same day, citing his status as an MLA. The appellant, Kanaka Rekha Naik, …
The appellants were convicted under Sections 366 and 376 IPC read with Section 109 for alleged abduction, forced marriage and rape of PW‑2, a girl claimed to be a minor. The High Court affirmed the trial court's convictions, but the Supreme Court, exercising its Article 136 jurisdiction, examined …
Lakhan Lal and Pappu Lal were convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and sentenced to life imprisonment. At the time of the offence (9 May 1985) they were about 16 years old, i.e., minors under the age of 18. The Supreme Court examined whether they could be treated as juveniles under the …
The respondent, a former Branch Manager of State Bank of India, was dismissed after a departmental inquiry found him guilty of granting loans beyond his discretionary powers. He later challenged the dismissal, alleging denial of natural justice because the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) report …
The Gayathri Women Welfare Association sued for a permanent injunction to protect its possession of land. The trial court granted the injunction, but the Karnataka High Court set aside the decree and remanded the case. After remand, the respondents amended their written statement to add a …
Unni Menon, an Assistant Accounts Officer on deputation to the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), was promoted in his parent department and later absorbed as an Accounts Officer in CAT. He claimed that, under a 1992 Government circular granting a promotional grade to "Organized Accounts Cadres," …
The wife of Narwinder Singh, who was pregnant, committed suicide within four years of marriage. The trial court convicted the husband and his parents under Section 304‑B IPC for dowry death, but the High Court, finding no dowry demand at the time of death, converted the husband's conviction to …
The appellant, a municipal officer, was accused of demanding a Rs.50 bribe for issuing a tax certificate and was caught in a police‑laid trap using phenolphthalein‑treated currency notes. He was convicted under Sections 7 and 13 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, and the conviction was …
The State of Uttar Pradesh sought to fill 367 reserved‑category vacancies through a special recruitment, treating them as backlog vacancies, while eight general‑category candidates challenged this exclusion as illegal. The High Court held the State’s action unjustified and ordered a fresh result as …
The appellants Abubucker Siddique and others were convicted for a bomb blast that destroyed the RSS headquarters, based largely on confessional statements and the allegation that they procured gelatin sticks and detonators. The prosecution claimed the bomb was made of ROX and PETN, but forensic …
Subhash Chandra Agrawal filed a RTI application with the Central Public Information Officer (CPIO) of the Supreme Court seeking copies of files and correspondence concerning the appointment and transfer of judges, and asked that Section 6(3) of the RTI Act not be invoked. The CPIO replied that such …
M/s. Monsanto Manufacture Pvt. Ltd., a manufacturer of ice‑cream, entered into a sourcing agreement with Brooke Bond Lipton India Ltd. and Unilever (later Hindustan Lever Ltd.) and declared the price of its product based on that agreement, paying excise duty accordingly. The Central Excise …
The Commissioner of Central Excise appealed against the CEGAT order that held Kwality Ice Cream Co. and its buyer, Brooke Bond Lipton India Ltd. (later HLL), were not "related persons" under Section 4(4)(c) of the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. The revenue argued that the sourcing agreement gave …
The appellants, DLF Universal Ltd. and another, were licensed under the Haryana Development and Regulation of Urban Areas Act, 1975 to develop residential colonies and entered into private agreements with plot and flat buyers that included clauses for extension fees and maintenance charges. The …
Monica Bedi and four co‑accused were convicted under the Indian Penal Code (sections 120‑B, 419, 420) and the Prevention of Corruption Act for a conspiracy to obtain a passport in an assumed name. Bedi argued that her conviction violated Article 20(2) of the Constitution because she had already been …
The appellant Om Pal Singh was convicted for the murder of Rishipal Singh under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution established a long-standing enmity, prior attempts on the victim's life, and presented eyewitness testimony of PW‑2 and PW‑3 who described the shooting. A dying declaration recorded by …
The Supreme Court examined whether a Lambardar in Punjab, who receives a monthly honorarium of Rs.900, holds an "office of profit" that disqualifies him from contesting Panchayat elections. The Court noted that the land‑revenue system had been abolished, so the Lambardar receives no salary, only a …
The State of Uttar Pradesh issued an order restricting eligibility for the Special Basic Training Course (BTC) 2007 to candidates whose B.Ed. degrees were from institutions recognized by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE). Several candidates whose degrees were from institutions that …
The appellant, Sudhakar, was accused of murdering his wife by striking her on the neck with a chopper, an act witnessed by neighbours who saw him carrying the blood‑stained weapon and his infant child. The trial court and the Kerala High Court convicted him under Section 302 IPC, rejecting his claim …
The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Munni Ram and others for assault, homicide and offences under the Cattle Trespass Act arising from a dispute over trespassing buffaloes. The trial court convicted the accused, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them after finding the prosecution witnesses …
Iridium India Telecom Ltd. filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating by Motorola Inc. (respondent No.1) for misleading investors about the Iridium satellite system. The Bombay High Court, invoking Article 227 and Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed the magistrate's process, holding that a …
Kanwar Natwar Singh and others appealed against the Directorate of Enforcement after a show‑cause notice was issued under Rule 4(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management (Adjudication Proceedings and Appeal) Rules, 2000. The appellants demanded that the adjudicating authority furnish copies of all …
The landlords (Jai Singh and others) filed an eviction suit under Section 14(1)(b) of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958 alleging that the Delhi Transport Corporation (OTC) had sublet the premises to the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) without written consent. The Additional Rent Controller (ARC) …
The appellant, Ranjit Singh, was found in a locked room with a blood‑stained sword after the step‑mother was discovered dead with incised wounds. The trial and High Courts convicted him under Section 302 IPC based on oral, medical and documentary circumstantial evidence, rejecting his claim that he …
The appellants, who had earlier demanded a compromise in a kidnapping case, allegedly opened fire with country‑made pistols and a rifle, killing three members of the victim's family and injuring three others. The first informant, PW‑1, lodged an FIR within five hours of the incident and identified …
The case involved a double murder where the deceased Irappa and his brother Kenchappa were killed after confronting Sangappa (A‑1) over an earlier assault on their son. The trial court acquitted all seven accused, but the Karnataka High Court convicted three of them (A‑1, A‑2, A‑4) under section 302 …
The case involved the murder of Sanjay Kumar, a union leader, who was shot with his own licensed pistol after being taken to a hotel by four accused Union members. The trial court convicted all four under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, but the High Court upheld the conviction of only …
The case involves the murder of a BJP leader in Kerala, allegedly carried out by workers of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) as part of a political rivalry. The victim's wife, along with two other eyewitnesses, identified the assailants, and a dying declaration of the victim corroborated their …
The deceased Kochukuttan and his companion attacked the appellants, prompting the appellants and nine others to retaliate with swords and other deadly weapons, causing fatal injuries to Kochukuttan. Eye‑witnesses PW‑1 (the brother‑in‑law of the deceased) and PW‑2 positively identified the appellants …
The appellant, Shaikh Sattar, was convicted under Sections 302 and 498A IPC for murdering his wife, who was found dead with head injuries and a heavy stone nearby. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the husband's demand for money, prior abuse, the location of the body and …
The respondents filed a criminal contempt petition in the Calcutta High Court against Biman Basu for making derogatory statements about a sitting High Court judge. The petition was filed under Section 15 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, but without the written consent of the Advocate General, …
Senior Laboratory Assistants in West Bengal sought a higher pay scale, leading to a High Court order granting scale 11. Subsequent pay commissions fixed lower scales, and the State framed statutory rules (ROPA Rules) reflecting those scales. Research Assistants later applied to the State …
The appellants Amit Kumar and Brij Bhushan were convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Anita Rani, who was set on fire allegedly over dowry demands. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration recorded by a Judicial Magistrate, corroborated by eyewitnesses who …
The appellants were convicted for forming an unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapons, assaulting a victim who later died, and injuring another person. The trial court and High Court upheld the convictions under Sections 148, 149, 324 and 304 IPC based on eyewitness testimony of the victim, his …
The landlords alleged that the original tenant partnership "Bhumi Kalpataru" clandestinely sub-let the premises to a new firm "Shri Bhumi Kalpataru" without their written permission. The Rent Controller held that a sub‑tenancy existed and granted relief under clause 13(3)(iii) of the C.P. & Berar …
The landlords appealed against a High Court revision that had set aside the trial and appellate courts' findings that the tenant was a wilful defaulter and that the landlords required the commercial premises for their own business. Both the trial court and the first appellate court, exercising …
The victim, a married woman with two children, was intercepted while traveling by rickshaw, taken to a house under construction and forcibly raped by the two appellants, Utpal Das and Haradhan Sutradar. She was later rescued, identified the accused, and lodged an FIR. The trial court acquitted the …
The appellant, a stock broker, entered into three share purchase contracts with the respondent: two for Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) shares on 14‑Feb‑1992 and 23‑Mar‑1992, and one for Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) shares on 27‑Feb‑1992. The respondent delivered only one lakh RIL …
Eureka Forbes Ltd. granted a licence to two respondents to use its factory premises. When the licencees failed to pay fees, Eureka sold the stock in the premises, which was hypothecated to Allahabad Bank, without the bank's consent. The bank sued Eureka and the licencees for recovery of the …
M/s Dhanraj Mills Private Ltd (the notified party) was found to have perpetrated fraudulent securities transactions and was sued by the Custodian for recovery of interest‑free loans advanced to Killick Nixon Ltd and its group. The Special Court under the Special Courts (Trial of Offences Relating to …
The West Bengal Electricity Regulatory Commission (WBERC) appealed an order of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity that had remanded the determination of wheeling charges for Hindalco Industries Ltd. for the year 2005‑06. Hindalco argued that no units of power were wheeled during that period, so …
The appellants were convicted of murder (Section 302 IPC) based largely on the testimony of three eye‑witnesses (PWs 2‑4) who claimed to have seen the assailants stabbing the deceased. The defence challenged the conviction, arguing that the presence of these witnesses at the scene was doubtful and …
The petitioners, parents of victims of alleged police encounters in Gujarat, filed writ petitions seeking a CBI investigation into the deaths, alleging the encounters were staged. The Gujarat High Court constituted an Investigation Team and, after a Metropolitan Magistrate’s inquiry under Section …
The petitioners, including M/s. Jindal Stainless Ltd., challenged the validity of various State entry tax statutes on the ground that they violated Articles 301, 302, 303 and 304 of the Constitution. The Division Bench observed that several High Courts had treated Article 304(a) and 304(b) as …
The Supreme Court examined appeals by six accused who had been acquitted by the trial court but later convicted by the High Court for murder, attempted murder and offences under sections 149 and 34 of the IPC. The trial court had found the prosecution's evidence unreliable, noting the darkness of …
The appellants, permanent employees of the Postal Department, sought inclusion in the list of successful candidates for Junior Accounts Officer (JAO) positions in the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) after appearing in the JAO Part‑11 examination for deputationists. The dispute centered on …
The case involved three employees of the Tamil Nadu Magnesite Limited (TANMAG), a state-owned company, who were permanently transferred to a joint venture (JVC) with Kaitan Supermag Ltd. When the JVC was later closed, the employees sought re‑absorption into TANMAG, invoking the doctrine of …
The respondent, a Development Officer of LIC, was dismissed following a departmental inquiry that he alleged was conducted without a copy of the inquiry report and without a proper opportunity to be heard, violating natural justice. In the suit challenging his dismissal, the employer (appellant) did …
The appellants were tried for offences under Sections 447, 504, 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and were acquitted by the trial court. The State appealed, and the High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting them under Section 304(Part‑II) read with Section 34, without providing a detailed …
The appellants Javed Masood and another were convicted for murder (Sec. 302 IPC) based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's brother (PW‑5), who lodged a Parcha Bayan. Independent witnesses, including the shop owner (PW‑6) and several police personnel (PW‑18, PW‑29, PW‑30), testified that the …
The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed to the Supreme Court under Article 136 against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of Guru Charan, Sunil, Pramod and Brahma Pal for the alleged murder of Ramesh Narain and Jitendra (Guddu) and the murderous assault on Nathu Singh. The trial court had convicted …
The appellant, Kirpal Singh, was convicted for murdering Ram Kumar Singh after allegedly firing a gunshot during a family dispute. The trial court and High Court relied on the medical testimony confirming a homicidal death and on eyewitness accounts of the appellant's wife and son, which were …
The respondent, a bank employee, was found guilty of financial irregularities, fraud and misappropriation and was punished with a reduction of pay after a departmental enquiry. The High Court set aside the punishment on the ground that the enquiry report had not been served to the employee, alleging …
The plaintiffs, G. Suryakumari and others, sued B. Chandramouli and others for a perpetual injunction to prevent interference with their possession of a 1,200‑sq‑yard plot purchased from Gramodyog Cooperative Housing Society. The defendants claimed ownership of a 382‑sq‑yard portion of the same …
Respondent No.1 filed a suit (Suit No. 35‑A of 2006) to declare a sale deed invalid and to obtain an injunction. The appellant first moved the trial court under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC to have the plaint dismissed for lack of cause of action; the application was rejected. After the Supreme Court stayed …
The father of the respondent filed a partition suit in 1955 which was decreed, but after a series of appeals the suit was dismissed as withdrawn through applications that were later alleged to be forged. After the father's death, the daughter, as his legal representative, sought restoration of the …
The All India Allahabad Bank Retired Employees Association filed writ petitions seeking gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, alleging that the bank’s pension scheme, which employees had opted for, could not deprive them of statutory gratuity. The Allahabad High Court held that the …
Shabana Bano, a Muslim woman, filed a petition under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code for maintenance against her husband, Imran Khan, after being divorced and left with a newborn child. The husband contended that under the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, she was …
The appellant Ram Bharosey was convicted for the murder of Puran Singh under Section 302 IPC read with Section 34 IPC. The prosecution proved that the appellant and co‑accused fired shots at the victim, resulting in his death, and identified the appellant through the first informant’s testimony and …
The appellant, Sau Panchashila Dada Messhram, and her husband confined their two‑year‑old daughter in a bathroom for 14 days without food or water, leading to the child's death by starvation. The trial court convicted them under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced them to life …
The appellant Gajula Surya Prakasa Rao was convicted under Sections 302 and 307 IPC for murdering a farmer and attempting to kill his wife, based primarily on the testimony of the deceased’s wife (PW‑3) and daughter (PW‑4). The Supreme Court examined the credibility of these eye‑witnesses, noting …
The State of Goa sought compensation for a 2,715 sq. m. strip of land acquired for the Panda By‑pass road, arguing that because the land lay within the 40‑metre prohibited‑construction zone alongside a highway it had no development potential and therefore should be valued as valueless. The Supreme …
The Secretary of the Agricultural Produce Market Committee appealed a High Court order that reduced the compensation for land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The land, measuring 8 acres 7 guntas, was initially valued at Rs.36,000 per acre by the acquisition officer, increased to …
The appellant was married to the deceased and, after repeated quarrels, the wife poured kerosene on herself and brought a match. The husband snatched the match and lit it, causing severe burns that led to her death. The trial court convicted him under Section 324 IPC, but the High Court upgraded the …
The Union of India appealed the acquittal of Shah Alam and Mazzum Haq, who had been convicted under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act for possessing 100 grams of heroin each and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine. The Allahabad High Court set aside the …
The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition under Article 32 concerning the protection of wetlands and the acute water shortage in India. The petitioners highlighted that ponds, tanks, and other water‑conservation bodies have been illegally filled and built upon, exacerbating the crisis. Relying …
Jagdish Sharan Varshney, an employee of Rani Lakshmibai Kshetriya Gramin Bank, was charge‑sheeted and disciplined by fixing his pay scale under Regulation 38(1) (Kha‑11) of the Officers and Employees Service Rules, 2000. He appealed to the Board of Directors, which dismissed the appeal on 4 …
Visa International Ltd. and Continental Resources (USA) Ltd. entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (14‑Feb‑2005) and a subsequent agreement (15‑Feb‑2005) to set up an integrated aluminium complex, containing Clause VI which provided that any dispute not settled amicably would be finally settled …
The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) sought to hold Shashnak Steel Industries liable for property tax under Section 120(1)(c) of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957, alleging that a perpetual sub‑lease dated 20‑Feb‑1981 operated as a conveyance transferring leasehold rights to the …
The State of Madhya Pradesh issued a Liquor Policy for 2005‑06 containing clauses that required retailers to pay the annual licence fee in 24 fortnightly instalments and allowed revocation of the licence for default. A circular clarified that liquor would only be supplied against such deposits. The …
The appellants, including Karnataka Bank Ltd., Shaw Wallace & Co., and a partnership firm, challenged notices requiring each of their branches in Andhra Pradesh to pay profession tax of Rs.2500 per annum, arguing that the explanation to the definition of "person" in the Andhra Pradesh Tax on …
Mis Supreme Fabrics Ltd claimed that loading charges incurred while clearing goods from its factory gate should be treated as cum‑duty price, allowing an abatement of excise duty payable on those charges. The Assessing Officer held the charges were includible in assessable value and denied the …
The Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), a statutory authority created under the Gujarat Maritime Board Act, 1981 to develop minor ports, applied to be registered as a charitable institution under Section 12A of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961 to claim exemption under Section 11. The Commissioner of Income Tax …
Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd. (RSWML) set up a process house for fabric processing and later leased it to other firms. The Central Excise Department alleged that the lease was a sham intended to shift valuation from the comparable‑goods method to the cost method and demanded differential …
The Supreme Court examined the murder of Harnek Singh by four of his brothers, who attacked him with gandasas and a dang, leading to his death. The appellant, Mithu Singh, challenged his conviction under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, arguing that his injuries were not fatal, that …
The respondent, a wholesale biscuit dealer, was stopped while unloading goods when a vigilance officer detected irregularities and the Sales Tax Officer (Vigilance) levied tax of Rs.32,592 and a penalty of Rs.54,320 under Section 16‑D of the Orissa Sales Tax Act. The dealer challenged the officer's …
The All India Federation of Tax Practitioners challenged the levy of service tax on chartered accountants, cost accountants and architects under the Finance Acts of 1994 and 1998, arguing that such tax fell within State List Entry 60 (taxes on professions) and was barred by Article 276. The Supreme …
