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92 judgments · newest first · showing 1–92
The case arose from the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, for which several accused were convicted and sentenced to death, later commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court. The State of Tamil Nadu proposed to remit the life sentences of the convicts, prompting the Union of …
The State of Kerala issued notifications prohibiting the sale of computerized and online lottery tickets while permitting paper lotteries, which the All Kerala Online Lottery Dealers Association and others challenged as discriminatory under Section 5 of the Lotteries (Regulation) Act, 1998. The …
The case involved a fake currency racket in Rajasthan where accused Mehboob Ali and Firoz, while in police custody, gave statements that led to the identification and arrest of co‑accused Anju Ali, Majhar, Liyakat Ali and others, and to the recovery of forged notes. The issue before the Supreme …
The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) operated a bus owned by a private individual under a lease agreement. An accident caused by the bus led claimants to seek compensation. The dispute centered on whether liability for compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 rested on the …
The dependants of Rishi Parkash filed a claim petition under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 against the driver, owner and insurer of a Maruti car and the driver of a tempo, seeking compensation for his death in a collision. The Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal held both drivers negligent and awarded …
Senior IPS officer Sanjiv Rajendra Bhatt filed writ petitions under Article 32 seeking transfer of investigations into two criminal cases to the CBI or a fresh Special Investigation Team (SIT), alleging that he was present at a 2002 Gujarat meeting, that the Court‑appointed SIT leaked confidential …
Essar Teleholdings Ltd. and other petitioners challenged a Delhi High Court order and a Delhi government notification that appointed a Special Judge to try all offences, including those under the Indian Penal Code, arising from the 2G spectrum scam. They sought a joint trial of the main case and a …
The appellant, Selvaraj, a former First Division Assistant in the District Treasury, Hassan, was alleged to have demanded a bribe of Rs.200 from a complainant who later died before trial. The prosecution relied on a trap operation and the recovery of money allegedly from the appellant's possession, …
Maharaji Educational Trust, U.P. Avas Evam Vikas Parishad and HUDCO appealed against a Lucknow High Court order that directed the Parishad to demarcate 42.45 acres of mortgaged land and to declare 21 acres as unencumbered, based on a sale agreement with SGS Construction. The Supreme Court held that …
The appellants, Shabnam and Saleem, were convicted under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for the pre‑planned murder of seven members of Shabnam's family, including a ten‑month‑old infant. The trial court sentenced them to death, a decision affirmed by the High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined …
The Madras Bar Association challenged several provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 relating to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), alleging that their constitution and the qualifications for members violated the basic structure of the …
The Supreme Court examined challenges to land acquisitions in Noida and Greater Noida made under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, where the State invoked Section 17’s urgency provisions to dispense with the Section 5A objection right. The High Court had held the urgency invocation illegal but, …
The accused, a cab driver and his accomplice, abducted a young woman who was a night‑shift employee, gang‑raped her and murdered her in a pre‑planned, brutal manner. The prosecution proved the crime through a chain of circumstantial evidence, forensic findings and confessional statements, leading to …
The case involved claimants injured in a collision between a bus and a trailer‑truck. The bus was insured by New India Assurance Co., while the trailer‑truck was uninsured. The High Court had limited the insurer's liability to one‑third of the award, based on a 1/3‑2/3 split of negligence between …
The Rajasthan Housing Board and the original Khatedars appealed against a Division Bench order that granted the New Pink City Nirman Sahkari Samiti Ltd. (the Society) a right to compensation and 25% of the developed land after the State acquired the land under the Rajasthan Land Acquisition Act, …
The Himalayan Co‑operative Group Housing Society expelled several members, including Balwan Singh, for defaulting on deposit payments. The expulsion was approved by the Registrar of Cooperative Societies and upheld by the Revisional Authority. The respondents approached the High Court under Articles …
The appellant, a partner in a firm assessed under the Bombay Sales Tax Act, 1959, claimed that a settlement with the State Minister for Finance had discharged his individual liability for the firm’s tax dues, and that the Commissioner had acted on this settlement. The Revenue contested the existence …
The Cochin Port Trust, a statutory authority under the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963, was assessed sales tax for its dealings in scrap items such as water, firewood and waste paper. The Trust contended that it was not a "dealer" within the meaning of Section 2(viii) of the Kerala General Sales Tax …
Voltas Ltd. entered into a works contract to fabricate and install a water‑chilling plant for Anupam Colours & Chemicals. The Gujarat tax authority classified the contract under Entry 2 of the 1993 Notification, levying a 15% composition tax, whereas Voltas argued it fell under Entry 5, attracting …
Tata Steel and its subsidiary TISCO operate captive coal mines in Jharkhand. The dispute concerned whether royalty under Section 9 of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 should be levied on raw Run‑of‑Mine (ROM) coal extracted at the pit‑head or on the beneficiated coal …
The appellant challenged a writ order of the Allahabad High Court that had vacated an interim injunction granted by a civil court, arguing that a writ of certiorari under Article 226 could not be issued against orders of a civil court. The Supreme Court was asked to reconsider the view expressed in …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Entry 25 of Schedule VI of the Karnataka Sales Tax Act, 1957, which levies tax on the processing and supply of photographs, photo prints and photo negatives. The issue centered on whether the State could tax the goods component of a works …
The Supreme Court examined whether an Official Liquidator, appointed to wind up Premier Cable Company Ltd., qualifies as a "dealer" under the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963 and consequently bears sales tax liability on the auction sale of the company's assets. The Court held that the liquidator, …
The Supreme Court examined whether a Special Judge could summon individuals who were not named in the CBI charge‑sheet in the 2G spectrum case, on the basis that they were the "alter ego" of the companies charged. The Court held that while a magistrate may summon a non‑named person if prima facie …
The Supreme Court examined whether Section 31(7) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 permits an arbitral tribunal to include pre‑award interest in the "sum" for which an award is made and thereby allow interest on that interest for the post‑award period. The Court held that the word "sum" …
The appellant, a mason, entered the house of the prosecutrix on 4 October 2002 armed with an aruval, intending to satisfy his lust. He tied up the brother (Manikandan) and a relative (Sangeetha), raped the prosecutrix, murdered Manikandan when he attempted to call for help, subsequently slit …
KSL & Industries Ltd. appealed against a Delhi High Court order that set aside a Debt Recovery Tribunal decision allowing the appellant to recover Rs. 25.26 crore from M/s. Arihant Threads Ltd. The dispute centered on whether the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 (SICA) – …
Mofil Khan and two co‑accused brutally murdered eight members of their own family, including women, children and a physically disabled boy, to obtain property. The trial court sentenced them to death, a decision affirmed by the Jharkhand High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the …
The petitioners, canteen workers at the Mess/Canteen of the S&T Training Centre of Northern Railway, sought regularisation as railway employees, claiming they worked in a non‑statutory recognised canteen. The Central Administrative Tribunal held they were employed in a non‑statutory non‑recognised …
The petitioners were granted bail by the Gauhati High Court under the default bail provision of Section 167(2) CrPC. The respondent sought cancellation of that bail alleging misrepresentation and that the direction to the CID under Section 173(8) did not render the charge‑sheet infructuous. The High …
The case concerned workmen employed by a contractor to run a statutory canteen on the premises of Air India, which under Section 46 of the Factories Act, 1948, must provide such a facility. The workmen claimed they were deemed employees of Air India and sought regularisation and other employment …
The Supreme Court examined whether race clubs such as the Bangalore Turf Club and the Royal Western India Turf Club, as well as a chit fund, fall within the definition of "shop" under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 (ESI Act) and the related notifications. The Court held that a race club is …
The State of Punjab filed a Special Leave Petition challenging a High Court order that barred recovery of excess pensionary payments made to the respondent, a white washer, on the ground that the employee had not committed fraud. The Supreme Court examined the apparent conflict between earlier …
Santosh Kumar Singh, a 26‑year‑old tutor, entered the home of his employers, assaulted the mother, son and daughters with an iron hammer, and looted jewellery and cash, resulting in the deaths of the mother and son. He was convicted under IPC sections 302, 307, 394, 397 and 450 and sentenced to …
The appellants, whose children were admitted to private unaided schools in Delhi under a 18‑December‑2013 notification that awarded points for inter‑state transfer, had their admissions threatened when the Delhi Administration issued a 27‑February‑2014 notification deleting the inter‑state transfer …
The State of Jharkhand issued Notification S.O. No.25 on 25 June 2001 reducing the Central Sales Tax rate to 3% for the "sale of all types of glass and glass sheets" in interstate trade. M/s Laopalarg Ltd., a manufacturer of glassware, claimed that its products fell within the "types of glass" and …
The case concerned a search under Section 132 of the Income Tax Act on two premises of the Bhatia Group, which led the assessing officer to record a satisfaction note under Section 15880 on 15 July 2005, after the block assessment of the searched person was completed on 30 March 2005. The …
The petitioner obtained a writ from the Gauhati High Court directing the Union of India to re‑designate him as a Warrant Officer and extend his pay. The Union appealed to the Supreme Court (Civil Appeal No. 25 of 2008), which dismissed the appeal, thereby upholding the High Court’s directions. The …
The case concerned whether the Union of India, as the tax authority, must pay interest on a tax refund made to M/s Tata Chemicals Ltd, a resident deductor who had deducted tax at source under Section 195(2) and later obtained a refund under Section 240. The Assessing Officer and the first appellate …
The victim, Pasupuleti Siva Ramakrishna Rao, the president of a lorry workers' union, was attacked in the union office by four accused who, angry over his collection of donations, struck him with a bottle, tied a telephone wire around his neck and strangulated him, and beat him with an iron rod. The …
The respondent, Binani Cement Ltd., set up a new cement plant in Rajasthan and claimed a Fixed Capital Investment (FCI) of Rs.532.52 crores, seeking exemption from sales tax under the "Sales Tax New Incentive Scheme for Industries, 1989". The State Level Screening Committee granted only a 25% …
M/S Mamta Surgical Cotton Industries, a dealer under the Rajasthan Sales Tax Act, purchased raw cotton and processed it into surgical cotton. The assessing authority taxed the surgical cotton at 4% for AY 1992-93, treating it as a separate commodity, and the Rajasthan Tax Board upheld this view for …
The State of Haryana granted Bharti Teletech Ltd. a sales‑tax exemption under Rule 28A of the Haryana General Sales Tax Rules, 1975 for the period 13‑Dec‑1991 to 12‑Dec‑1998, conditioned on the unit maintaining average production for five years after the exemption. After the exemption expired, the …
The Supreme Court entertained review petitions filed by the Union of India challenging its earlier decision on reservation in faculty posts at AIIMS. The issue centered on whether Articles 15, 16 and 335 of the Constitution permit reservation in super‑specialty faculty positions. The Court clarified …
The Uttar Pradesh Government, under Section 5 of the Uttar Pradesh Trade Tax Act, 1948, issued a notification granting a tax rebate on cement containing fly‑ash, but only to units located within Uttar Pradesh. Cement manufacturers in neighboring states, who purchased fly‑ash from Uttar Pradesh but …
The appellant Gudda (also known as Dwarikendra) was convicted of murdering three persons – a man, his pregnant wife and their five‑year‑old son – after inviting them to his rented house for lunch. The prosecution proved that the killings were pre‑planned and motivated by the appellant's suspicion …
The appellants Jagat Rai, Deepak Rai and Bachcha Babu Rai were convicted for the pre‑meditated murder of an informant, his wife and five children by locking them in a house and setting it ablaze, motivated by the informant's refusal to withdraw an FIR. The trial court sentenced all three to death, a …
The petitioner, Commissioner of Income Tax, Gujarat, challenged the claim of the respondent, Gujarat Fluoro Chemicals, that the Revenue should pay interest when the total of advance tax and TDS installments paid exceeds the assessed tax. The issue centered on whether the Revenue is liable to pay …
The appellant, Vikash, was implicated in an abduction case where a girl was allegedly kidnapped by several accused. The trial court, after taking cognizance under sections 363, 366(A), 1208 and 376 of the IPC, issued a non‑bailable warrant to secure his attendance under section 319 of the CrPC. …
The Chhattisgarh Police recruited 380 officers through a competitive exam, publishing a first merit list in April 2008 that included the 26 appellants. After complaints about defects in eight objective questions and eight erroneous model answers, the Professional Examination Board re‑evaluated the …
The Official Liquidator of a company in liquidation challenged the setting aside of an auction and sale of the company's assets that had been conducted by a Recovery Officer under the Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (ROB Act). The Company Judge of the High Court …
The Union of India appealed against a Punjab & Haryana High Court order that directed the government to provide adequate premises for the Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) at Chandigarh and to consider various administrative reforms. The Supreme Court examined the statutory framework of the Recovery of …
The State of Rajasthan prosecuted two brothers, A-1 and A-2, for murdering Trilokchand under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, alleging a long‑standing dispute over a well. The trial court, relying on the sole eye‑witness PW‑6, convicted both brothers, holding that A‑1 threw stones while A‑2 sat on …
The case involved 60 accused charged under TADA, the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act, of whom 11 were convicted by a Designated Court. The appellants contended that the FIR under TADA was registered without the mandatory prior approval of the District Superintendent of Police under …
Balaji Gunthu Dhule was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the death of Ranga Rao during a quarrel, based primarily on the testimony of several eye‑witnesses. The High Court upheld the conviction relying chiefly on PW‑10’s testimony and the appellant’s own statement under CrPC section 313, …
The case involved a matron employed at a government women’s college hostel who alleged that the hostel night‑watchman raped her. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced him to seven years’ imprisonment; the Sessions Court affirmed this sentence. …
The appellant, Babla @ Dinesh, was convicted by a trial court and sentenced to life imprisonment under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC for a murder committed on 1‑12‑1991. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence, but the High Court rejected the plea on the ground that it was …
The respondents, manufacturers of Fiat Uno cars, declared wholesale prices that were well below their manufacturing cost, claiming the price was the normal price under Section 4(1)(a) of the Central Excise Act. The Revenue issued show‑cause notices alleging short levy and demanded differential duty, …
The petitioners, accused in the 1975 Samastipur bomb‑blast case, sought quashing of the trial on the ground that a 37‑year delay violated their right to a speedy trial under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court examined the jurisprudence on speedy trial, noting that the right is …
The deceased Bhimappa Biradar was attacked and murdered by a group of armed men who had a long-standing feud with his family. The trial court convicted three accused (A13, A14, A17) under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC and acquitted four others (A1, A15, A16, A21) who were alleged to have …
The Supreme Court considered two appeals by suppliers of aluminium conductors against the Assam State Electricity Board concerning claims for interest on delayed payments under the Interest on Delayed Payments to Small Scale and Ancillary Industrial Undertakings Act, 1993. The Court held that a suit …
The case involved an armed altercation in which three accused (A1, A2, A3) fired pistols and used an axe, resulting in the death of Mulu Dada and serious injury to Jagu Dada. The trial court acquitted all three, finding the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, but the Gujarat …
Nano Kumar Verma, a judicial officer, was first investigated for granting bail in a serious case; after offering explanations, the High Court accepted them and closed the proceedings. Despite this, the High Court later initiated fresh departmental proceedings on the same charges, reverted him to a …
The Medical Council of India (MCI) appealed against a Karnataka High Court interim order that allowed JSS Medical College to admit 200 MBBS students for 2011‑12, despite the Board of Governors of the MCI having rejected the college’s application for increase of seats. The college had originally …
An explosion on a Delhi bus in 1997 killed four people and injured twenty‑four. Mohd. Hussain @ Julfikar Ali, a Pakistani national, was charged under Sections 302, 307 IPC and Section 3 of the Explosives Substances Act and was convicted and sentenced to death. The trial proceeded for years with the …
The appellant filed a complaint in 1988 leading to an FIR and charges under Sections 498‑A, 304‑B, 34 and 302 of the IPC. The trial was initially assigned to Additional Sessions Judge S.N. Dhingra, who on 25 September 2000 recused himself for personal reasons and the case was transferred to another …
The case concerned Assistant Professors appointed on an emergency basis under Rule 13(5) of the Madhya Pradesh Educational Service (Collegiate Branch) Recruitment Rules, 1967, who sought to have their emergency service counted for senior/selection grade pay scales. The respondent, Satyavrata Taran, …
The Orissa Private Medical & Dental Colleges Association appealed to the Supreme Court seeking a direction that the Chairman of the Orissa Joint Entrance Examination 2011 (OJEE‑11) conduct further counseling for 624 candidates on the waiting list to fill eight vacant seats in private medical …
H.G. Rangangoud applied for a mining lease which was later reserved by the Central Government in favour of State Trading Corporation of India Ltd. The Karnataka High Court, through a single judge, quashed the reservation. Before filing an appeal, Rangangoud informed the State Government of the order …
The respondents, manufacturers of textile fabrics, were found to have cleared goods without paying excise duty and were served a show‑cause notice on 6 January 1999. They sought relief under the Kar Vivad Samadhan Scheme, 1998, which allowed settlement of tax arrears quantified or notified on or …
Grasim Industries, a manufacturer of white cement, repaired its plant machinery between 1995 and 1999, generating metal scrap and iron waste. The revenue authorities demanded excise duty and penalties on the scrap, treating it as an excisable good under the Central Excise Act. The Tribunal held that …
Narayan Chandra Ghosh, a borrower, appealed to the Appellate Tribunal under Section 18 of the SARFAESI Act against an order of the Debt Recovery Tribunal. The Tribunal exempted him from the mandatory pre‑deposit of 50% of the debt, as required by the second proviso of Section 18, and the Calcutta …
Denel (Proprietary) Ltd., a South African government-owned company, supplied electronic equipment to Bharat Electronics Ltd., a Government of India enterprise, under several purchase orders. After delivering the goods, Denel demanded payment of GBP 34,894.75, but Bharat Electronics refused, citing a …
The appellants were convicted for conspiracy, cheating, forgery of a palmolein oil permit and offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and Essential Commodities Act. The prosecution alleged that accused A1, A2 and A4 had interpolated and forged the permit, relying mainly on handwriting …
The petitioner, a Pakistani national, had completed a nine‑year sentence imposed by a Sessions Court but remained detained in Central Jail, Jaipur. He filed a writ of habeas corpus under Articles 32 and 21 of the Constitution, alleging illegal detention. The State of Rajasthan expressed no objection …
The appellant, C.I.T., Mumbai, challenged the assessment that the twisting and texturising of partially oriented yarn (POY) did not constitute "manufacture" under Section 80IA of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Court examined expert testimony that POY is a semi‑finished yarn which, after undergoing a …
The Supreme Court examined a contempt petition filed by Nano Kishore Ojha against the State of Bihar for failing to honour undertakings given on 18 January 2006 and 7 February 2007 to appoint all trained primary‑school teachers to vacant posts. Earlier High Court and Supreme Court orders (1996, …
S. Suresh, a 25‑year‑old lorry driver, lost his right leg below the knee in a road accident. He claimed compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, and the Commissioner awarded Rs 5,20,584, finding a 100% loss of earning capacity as a driver. The insurer appealed; the Karnataka High …
The appellant, a petrol pump operator, challenged an order directing him to pay contributions under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948, arguing that his premises did not qualify as a "factory" within the meaning of the Act. The central issue was whether the activity of pumping petrol/diesel …
The appellant, a widow, sought retirement benefits for her deceased husband who had been an Assistant with the Bihar School Examination Board. He was convicted in 1989 under several IPC sections for tampering with examination marks and was dismissed from service in 1992 on the basis of that …
The appellant employees' union challenged the registration of another employees' union before the Industrial Court under Section 20 of the Bombay Industrial Relations Act. The Industrial Court cancelled the appellant's registration and directed registration of the respondent union, which had not …
The plaintiff, an employee of Apollo Tyres Ltd., filed a civil suit seeking declaration that he remained a workman, challenging his transfer, restraining the employer from forcing a promotion, and protecting his trade‑union activities. The employer contended that the civil court lacked jurisdiction …
The landlord filed an eviction petition against the tenant in the Delhi Rent Controller in 1981, which resulted in a decree of eviction in 1993 on the ground of subletting. The tenant appealed at multiple levels, including the Rent Control Tribunal, the Delhi High Court, and the Supreme Court, all …
The petitioners raised a writ under Article 21 of the Constitution, contending that the chronic shortage of water for drinking and irrigation violated the fundamental right to life. The Court examined precedents that recognized water as an essential component of the right to life, including Delhi …
Bangalore Turf Club Ltd. challenged the Regional Director of the Employees' State Insurance Corporation's demand for ESI contributions, contending that as a club it does not qualify as a "shop" under Section 1(5) of the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. The central issue was whether turf clubs …
The case concerned a lecturer who, after voluntarily transferring from one intermediate college to another, claimed that his seniority should be based on his original appointment date, placing him above a colleague already serving at the receiving college. The High Court had set aside the single …
Prem Chandra Agarwal & Anr. appealed to the Supreme Court against an interim order passed by the Allahabad High Court in a writ petition. While the appeal was pending, the High Court delivered a final judgment in the same matter, thereby rendering the earlier interim order subsumed into the final …
Mahendra Ram was hired by P.V.K. Distillery Ltd. in 1981, became a permanent workman in 1982, and was terminated orally in 1985. He approached the Labour Court, which held that his termination was illegal, ordered his reinstatement with full back wages, and the High Court affirmed that award. The …
D.M. Premkumari, a member of the Telugu Shetty community, was appointed as a primary school teacher in 1994 under the Group B reservation category as per the Karnataka Government's 1986 classification order. Later verification revealed that her caste, Telugu Balija, had been re‑classified to Group …
The appellants Angana and others were convicted under IPC s.326 read with s.34 and sentenced to four years' rigorous imprisonment. They had been on bail during the trial, and most co‑accused were acquitted. While their appeal was pending before the High Court, they filed an application under Section …
The appellant, Rajendra Ramchandra Kavalekar, was accused of obtaining a forged degree from Ranchi University in collusion with university officials and using it to secure employment with ITDC. The CBI filed a case in Ranchi, Jharkhand, under sections 120(b), 420, 467, 468, 471 of the IPC and …
The petitioner filed a Special Leave Petition (SLP) 568 days after the Madras High Court judgment of 18 September 2006, claiming the delay was caused by the pendency of a review application filed within the prescribed period. The central issue was whether the prosecution of a review proceeding could …
