Companies (Amendment) Act, 1974

The appeal concerned a minority shareholder of Gharda Chemicals Ltd., a company that started as a private firm but became a public (hybrid) company under Section 43A of the Companies Act, 1956. The Articles of Association contained Article 57, a pre‑emption clause restricting share transfers, which the appellant claime…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) could, under Section 45K(3) of the Reserve Bank of India Act, issue Paragraph 4A of the 1987 Directions prohibiting residuary non‑banking companies from levying processing or maintenance charges on depositors. Peerless General Finance & Investment Co. L…

Raymond Synthetics Ltd. and others issued a prospectus for a public issue of shares and debentures, seeking permission from several stock exchanges to list the securities. The company received massive oversubscription, allotted shares before the statutory 10‑week deadline for obtaining exchange permission, and later fa…