Factories Act

M.C. Mehta filed a public‑interest writ petition under Article 32 challenging the employment of children in the hazardous match‑making and fireworks factories of Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court examined the constitutional mandate of Articles 39(f) and 45, which require protection of children from exploitation a…

M/s Maruti Clean Coal & Power Ltd. obtained a 99‑year lease from the Chhattisgarh government to set up a 10 MT/Y coal washery. South Eastern Coal Field Ltd. (SECL) later claimed title to the land and, despite the petitioner having constructed the plant and obtained all necessary approvals, refused to supply coal or iss…

The Occupational Health and Safety Association filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking directions for the framing of occupational safety and health guidelines for workers in coal‑fired thermal power plants (CFTPPs) and compensation for occupational diseases. The Court examined whether the right to health and a s…

The appellants were appointed as permanent civil servants of the Jammu & Kashmir State before 1963 and were posted in industrial units. After the incorporation of Jammu & Kashmir Industries Ltd., the Governor issued an instruction entrusting those units to the company, but the appellants continued to work in the same p…

The petitioners, beedi manufacturers, challenged the 1977 notifications that brought the beedi industry within Schedule I of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, arguing that home workers who roll beedis at their residences were not "employees" under section 2(f) and that the scheme co…

The State of Maharashtra appealed against the High Court order that de‑sealed the godowns of Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Co. Ltd. The company processed cotton and non‑cotton seeds at its Dhanora unit and stored packed and labelled seeds in an attached godown without obtaining a licence for storage, sale, packaging or labe…

The NGO Kalyaneshwari filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a mandamus to ban all mining and manufacturing of asbestos in India and to set up a committee for victim identification. The Court examined whether it could legislate a ban, whether the petition was a bona fide public‑interest litigation, and whether …

The petitioners filed a writ under Article 32 seeking the closure of Shriram Foods & Fertilizers' hazardous units. During the proceedings oleum gas escaped, prompting the Delhi Legal Aid Board and Delhi Bar Association to file applications for compensation on behalf of victims. The Court examined the scope of Article 3…

The plaintiff, a landlady, leased premises to the defendant for the business of retreading tyres at a rent of Rs.850 per annum. When the defendant defaulted on rent, the plaintiff served a 30‑day notice to terminate the tenancy. The defendant contended that the lease was for "manufacturing purposes" under Section 106 o…

A fire during a Tata Iron and Steel Company celebration in Jamshedpur killed 60 and injured 113. The victims filed a writ petition under Articles 21 and 32 seeking compensation from the State of Bihar and the company. The Supreme Court appointed former CJI Y.V. Chandrachud to determine compensation using the multiplier…

The respondents, employed by Railway Employees' Consumer Co-operative Stores registered under the Andhra Pradesh Co-operative Societies Act, 1964, sought declaration from the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) that they were regular railway employees in Class‑III posts entitled to salary, promotions and other benefi…

The Kerala Government, invoking the Kerala Cashew Factories (Acquisition) Act, 1974, issued a common notice to 36 cashew factories stating they were closed and would cause large‑scale unemployment, and subsequently declared the factories transferred to the State. The owners, who were also occupiers, challenged the noti…

The Regional Provident Fund Commissioner appealed against a Karnataka High Court order that had held Raj's Continental Exports (P) Ltd was not a branch of Mis. Continental Exporters, a proprietorship owned by the same individual who was also the Managing Director of the company. The respondent claimed infancy protectio…

The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition filed by Mukesh Advani on behalf of bonded labourers from Tamil Nadu working in stone quarries at Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, alleging exploitation through advance payments, piece‑rate wages below minimum, and denial of statutory protections. An investigative report and a Distr…