Indian Medical Council Act, 1956

The petitions challenged the validity of Regulation 9 of the Medical Council of India (MCI) Post‑Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000, alleging that it barred State governments from reserving seats for in‑service doctors in postgraduate degree courses. The Court examined the constitutional distribution of power…

Shri Gangajali Education Society applied to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MHFW) for a Letter of Permission to start a medical college. The Medical Council of India (MCI) found several deficiencies and recommended rejection, but the Supreme Court‑constituted Oversight Committee (OC) later accepted the college…

Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College applied to the Central Government for an increase in MBBS seats for the 2015-16 academic session but failed to attach the mandatory essentiality certificate, resulting in the application’s rejection. The college sought condonation of the delay and a direction for its applicatio…

The Gujarat Sukh Sagar Medical College & Hospital Trust obtained an Essentiality Certificate in 2014 to establish a medical college in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Despite conditional permission for the 2016‑17 academic year, the Medical Council of India (MCI) repeatedly denied renewal of permission for three successive s…

The Kanachur Islamic Education Trust sought confirmation of the conditional Letter of Permission (LOP) granted to its medical college for the 2016-17 academic year and extension for 2017-18, after the Union of India and the Medical Council of India (MCI) debarred the college and ordered encashment of its bank guarantee…

The Dr. Jagat Narain Subharti Charitable Trust applied for permission to establish a new medical college in Dehradun for the 2016‑17 session. The Medical Council of India (MCI) flagged deficiencies in faculty, residents, OPD attendance, bed occupancy and questioned land‑ownership compliance, leading the Central Governm…

The petitioners, students admitted to postgraduate medical and dental courses in Goa on the basis of NEET ranks, challenged the State of Goa's order cancelling their admissions after the Supreme Court had protected those admissions. The Supreme Court held that the State could not rescind the NEET‑based admissions, as t…

The Supreme Court examined admissions to a private unaided medical college in Rajasthan where 117 students were admitted without a competitive entrance test, contrary to Regulation 5(2) of the MCI Regulations. The Court held that there was no consensual agreement between the college and the State to admit students on t…

The Medical Council of India (MCI) appealed against a Kerala High Court order that quashed the Government of India's decision to deny renewal of permission and admission to several medical colleges on the ground of gross deficiencies. The Supreme Court examined whether the Hearing Committee’s recommendation to review c…

The petitioners, the State of Uttar Pradesh and the Director General of Medical Education, challenged a High Court order that awarded Rs.10,00,000 each to two NEET‑PG aspirants alleging seat‑blocking during counselling. The aspirants claimed that the mop‑up round denied them the opportunity to secure their preferred MD…

The Supreme Court examined whether a student who obtained an MBBS degree from a Chinese university, where the tenth‑semester clinical training was delivered online due to COVID‑19, is entitled to provisional registration by the National Medical Commission (NMC). The Court held that the Eligibility Regulations require t…

The petitioners, a group of unaided minority medical and dental colleges, challenged the validity of the NEET (National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test) notifications issued by the Medical Council of India and Dental Council of India, arguing that the uniform entrance examination violated their fundamental rights under A…

The appellant, a registered medical practitioner, was found to have willfully defied demolition orders concerning an unauthorised building extension and was subsequently held in contempt of court, leading the High Court to suspend his licence to practise medicine. The appellant challenged the suspension, arguing that t…

Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College, a constituent of Maharishi Markandeshwar University (created under the 2010 Act), was directed by the Himachal Pradesh Government to obtain affiliation from Himachal Pradesh University under the amended Section 3(6a) of the 2006 Private Medical Educational Institutions Act. The …

The Supreme Court upheld the West Bengal Health Service Act, 1990 and the West Bengal Health Service Rules, 1993, rejecting challenges that the statutes were beyond the State's legislative competence and violated Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution. The Court held that the Act merely regulates conditions of se…

Surendra Chauhan, who had an illicit relationship with a 24‑year‑old woman named Alpana, took her to the clinic of Dr. Ravindra Sharma, an unqualified electro‑homeopathic practitioner, for an abortion. Alpana died during the procedure, and Chauhan later confessed to her mother that he had arranged the abortion. The tri…

The Supreme Court had earlier issued interim orders directing that MBBS seats in private medical colleges in Madhya Pradesh be shared with the State Government on a 50:50 basis, after excluding a 15% NRI quota. The respondents‑private colleges admitted all 150 seats for the 2011‑12 academic year without sharing, and la…

The appellants, managers of INSCOL Multispecialty Hospital, were charged with medical negligence, cheating, forgery and other offences after the complainant alleged that his wife died due to wrong treatment at the hospital. The Punjab & Haryana High Court single judge framed the issue on the premise that the patient di…

The petitioners, Ayurvedic practitioners enlisted in the Bihar State Register but lacking recognised qualifications under the Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970, claimed a constitutional right to practice throughout India under Article 19(1)(g) and Section 29 of the Central Act, asserting that inclusion in a Sta…

The petitioner sought a writ directing the State of Maharashtra to hold a Common Entrance Examination for admission to its medical colleges, invoking Regulation 5(2) of the Medical Council of India’s 1997 Regulations. Maharashtra argued it fell under Regulation 5(3) because the CBSE board contributed only a small fract…

The petitioners, who were denied admission to the MBBS courses of the Government Medical Colleges in Srinagar and Jammu for 1980‑81, challenged the State's reservation policy that earmarked 17% of seats for "rectification of regional imbalances" by classifying certain villages as socially and educationally backward. Th…

The Supreme Court examined whether private veterinary colleges offering the B.V.Sc. & A.H. course must be recognized by the Central Government under the First Schedule of the Veterinary Council of India Act, 1984. Apollo College of Veterinary Medicine and Mahatma Gandhi College had been affiliated to a university and t…

The appellant filed a public‑interest writ petition in the Allahabad High Court seeking a mandamus directing the State of Uttar Pradesh to take action against unqualified and unregistered medical practitioners operating in Agra district. The High Court dismissed the petition on the ground that the Chief Medical Officer…

The Tamil Nadu Medical Officers Association challenged Regulation 9(iv) and 9(vii) of the Post‑Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000, alleging that the provisions barred states from creating a separate entry stream for in‑service doctors seeking postgraduate degree seats and were violative of Articles 14 and 19(…

The appellant, V.N. Public Health and Educational Trust, sought an Essentiality Certificate (EC) and Consent of Affiliation (CoA) to start a medical college for the academic year 2020‑2021, but the State Government and Kerala University of Health Sciences repeatedly rejected its applications citing deficiencies. The Hi…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of the Assam Rural Health Regulatory Authority Act, 2004, which created a regulatory authority to register diploma holders in medicine and to regulate their practice in rural Assam. The Court held that the Act was beyond the legislative competence of the Assam State Legi…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Central Government could grant permission to increase student intake or renew permission for medical colleges in contravention of Sections 10‑A and 10‑B of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and the regulations framed by the Medical Council of India (MCI). The petitioners allege…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Central Government could grant permission to increase student intake or renew admission permissions for medical colleges without the colleges complying with the requirements of Sections 10‑A and 10‑B of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and the regulations framed by the Medical…

The appellants, two candidates who scored the required marks for MBBS admission, were declared ineligible on the ground of partial colour‑vision deficiency (CVD). They challenged the decision of the Medical Council of India (MCI) and the State of Tripura before the High Court, which dismissed their writ petition, holdi…

The Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Medical Sciences (PRIMS) applied for a Letter of Permission (LOP) to start a new medical college for the 2016‑17 academic year and sought renewal for 2017‑18. Conditional LOP was granted for 2016‑17, but subsequent inspections by the Medical Council of India (MCI) revealed persisten…

The Madhya Pradesh Government issued an executive order on 9 September 1980 that completely removed the minimum qualifying‑marks requirement for candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) when selecting them for seats reserved in state medical colleges. Nivedita Jain, a general‑category can…

Dr. A.K. Sabhapathy challenged Kerala's use of the first proviso in Section 38 of the Travancore‑Cochin Medical Practitioners' Act, 1953, which allowed the State to exempt certain persons from the registration requirements for practising modern (allopathic) medicine. The State had issued notifications (May 4 1977, Sept…

Apex Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company, claimed a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act for expenses incurred in providing gifts, travel, hospitality and other "freebies" to doctors to promote its product Zincovit. The Assessing Officer, on the basis of a CBDT circular dated 01‑08‑2012 and the 2002 M…

The petitioners, students who completed a medical course at Vinayaka Mission University's off‑shore campus in Bangkok, sought to appear for the Medical Council of India's screening test, claiming their provisional MBBS certificate qualified as a primary medical qualification. The High Court Single Judge allowed their a…

The petitioners, students admitted to a medical college not recognised by the Medical Council of India (MCI), sought migration to a recognised college after passing the first MBBS examination. The Director of Medical Education refused, citing a condition that only students from recognised colleges are eligible for migr…

The petitioners, ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, sought approval and recognition under Section 11(2) of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 for MBBS courses. The Medical Council of India (MCI) conducted several inspections, including a surprise compliance‑verification inspection on 24‑April‑2017, and f…

The Supreme Court revisited its earlier judgment on reservation in medical colleges, directing that at least 15% of MBBS/BDS seats and 25% of postgraduate seats in each college be filled through an All‑India Entrance Examination conducted in English. It modified the formula for non‑reserved seats, rejecting state deman…

Chandra Mohan Varma, a Professor of Cardiology in a Uttar Pradesh government medical college, retired on attaining the age of 60 on 13 August 2014. He was granted a ‘session ending benefit’ extending his service until 30 June 2015 under a Government Order dated 19 November 2012. While he was on this extension, the Stat…

The Supreme Court examined the disapproval of applications by the Central Government and the Medical Council of India (MCI) for new medical colleges, increase in MBBS seats, and renewal of existing permissions for the 2014‑15 academic year. The Court held that before any adverse decision under Section 10A of the Indian…

Dr. Chaudhary, originally appointed as an Associate Professor of Neurosurgery on an ad‑hoc basis, was later promoted to Professor. Dr. Ramesh Chandra challenged the promotion, arguing that Chaudhary lacked the requisite qualifications under the Indian Medical Council Regulations (IMCR) 1971, specifically the two‑year "…

The Uttar Pradesh Government issued an order on 15 December 1982 requiring candidates for postgraduate medical degree courses to have at least 55% marks in MBBS and for diploma courses at least 52% before they could be considered for merit‑based admission. Several candidates denied admission challenged the order before…

The petitioners, general‑category medical graduates, challenged a Uttar Pradesh Government circular dated 31‑August‑1995 that removed the requirement of a minimum 35% qualifying mark for SC/ST/OBC candidates in the entrance test for postgraduate medical courses. They argued that the circular violated the Indian Medical…

Private unaided medical colleges challenged a corrigendum (Notification No. 37(1) 2013) that limited the "Enhancement of Annual Intake Capacity" regulations of 2013 to Government medical colleges, alleging violation of Article 14. The Central Government, citing a delay in receiving the original regulations, extended th…

The Supreme Court examined four notifications issued by the Medical Council of India (MCI) and the Dental Council of India (DCI) that introduced a single National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for admission to MBBS, BDS and postgraduate medical courses. Petitioners, including Christian Medical College Vellore an…

The appellants, students belonging to SC, ST and OBC categories, secured the required 40% marks in the qualifying examination but scored less than 40% in the Gujarat common entrance test for MBBS admission in 2008‑2009. They were admitted to the MBBS course under Gujarat Professional Medical Educational Colleges Rules,…

The petitioners, Indian citizens who obtained MBBS degrees from Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara (recognised under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956), were denied permanent registration by the Medical Council of India (MCI) because they had not passed the screening test mandated by the Act. They challeng…

The Council of Architecture challenged NOIDA's Promotion Policy 2005, which allowed promotion to the post of Associate Architect without requiring a degree recognised by the Council. The issue was whether Section 37 of the Architects Act, 1972 bars unregistered persons from practising architectural activities and wheth…

The case arose from a complaint by the mother of a pre‑term baby who became totally blind due to alleged failure to screen for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission held the hospital and three doctors negligent and awarded Rs. 64,00,000 in compensation. On appeal, the Sup…

The case concerned Indian medical graduates who obtained their MBBS‑equivalent degrees from institutions in the former USSR and sought provisional or permanent registration to practice medicine in India. The petitioners argued that, under the pre‑amendment Indian Medical Council Act, they were entitled to registration …

In-service doctors employed by the State of Rajasthan challenged the first proviso of Regulation 9 of the Post‑Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000, which fixed a minimum qualifying mark of 50% for general candidates and 40% for reserved categories for admission to postgraduate medical courses. The Rajasthan Hi…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of a Uttar Pradesh Government Order that reserved 30% of postgraduate medical degree seats for in‑service doctors, a scheme challenged as violative of Regulation 9 of the Medical Council of India (MCI) Post‑Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000. The Court held that Regulat…

The appellant, a 44‑year‑old unmarried woman, was admitted for a diagnostic laparoscopy but, while under general anaesthesia, the respondent doctors performed an abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‑oophorectomy without her informed consent. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission dismissed her cla…

The petitioner, Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology Trust, applied under the Medical Council Act, 1956 for establishing a new medical college. Although the Essentiality Certificate and Certificate of Affiliation were issued by the State in late August 2014, they were received by the petitioner in ea…

The second respondent, who held an M.Sc. in Medical Biochemistry and worked as a professor, applied to be entered in the State Medical Register but was denied because he lacked an MBBS degree. He obtained a writ order from the Rajasthan High Court directing his registration, which was later set aside by the High Court …

The appellant, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences & Research, challenged the Central Government's order that barred it from admitting MBBS students for the 2017‑18 session and denied recognition under Section 11(2) of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. The college argued that successive inspections by the Medical …

The State Government of Rajasthan fixed a minimum qualifying mark of 33% for in‑service doctors and increased the reservation of seats for them in postgraduate medical courses from 25% to 50% of the remaining seats. Private candidates challenged these measures as violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution, arg…

The Supreme Court examined the application of Silas Nelson, who sought migration from an unrecognised medical college in Dar‑es‑Salam to a recognised Indian medical college. The Medical Council of India (MCI) had rejected the migration, finding insufficient grounds and lack of equivalence, a decision the High Court lat…

The Union of India appealed against a Delhi High Court judgment that struck down Rule 3.3(1)(b) of the PCPNDT Rules, 1996 and Rule 6 of the Six‑Months Training Rules, 2014 on the ground that the Act did not empower the Central Government to prescribe qualifications or training for persons using ultrasound equipment. Th…

The Supreme Court examined whether medical services rendered by doctors, hospitals and nursing homes fall within the definition of "service" under Section 2(1)(o) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, and thus attract consumer‑redress. It held that services provided for consideration – even if partially free or paid th…

The Medical Council of India (MCI) appealed against a Punjab & Haryana High Court order that allowed N.C. Medical College to admit 150 MBBS students for the 2018‑19 session. The High Court had directed the Central Government to grant permission by 31 May 2018, relying on a government order issued under that interim dir…

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition filed by Major S.D. Singh Medical College and Hospital challenging the Union Government’s order, based on the Medical Council of India’s (MCI) recommendation, that barred the college from admitting MBBS students for the 2017‑18 academic year and directed the encashment of a Rs…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of a 2010 notification issued by the Medical Council of India (MCI) introducing the National Eligibility Entrance Test (NEET) for admission to postgraduate medical courses across India. Petitioners challenged the MCI's competence under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956, to imp…

The Kerala Ayurveda Paramparya Vaidya Forum, an association of traditional practitioners of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani, challenged the Travancore‑Cochin Medical Practitioners Act, 1953 which barred them from practising unless they were registered under the Act. The Forum argued that they had long‑standing custom, inher…

The Maharashtra Health Sciences Common Entrance Test of 2001 contained errors in the biology paper of one version, leading the State to re‑evaluate answer sheets and issue a revised merit list that displaced several already admitted students. To accommodate the displaced candidates, the State Government sought a one‑ti…

The Royal Medical Trust, which runs Kerala Medical College, applied for a Letter of Permission (LOP) to admit 150 MBBS students for the 2017‑18 academic year. After a surprise inspection by the Medical Council of India (MCI) revealed several deficiencies, the Central Government barred the college from admissions and au…

Madha Medical College and Research Institute, which had been granted recognition to admit 150 MBBS students, was found to have numerous deficiencies in faculty, residents, infrastructure, and hostels during inspections by the Medical Council of India (MCI). After two inspections within a month, the MCI recommended, and…

The petitioners, Varunarjun Trust, applied for a new medical college and were granted a conditional Letter of Permission (LOP) for the 2016‑17 session. Subsequent assessments by the Medical Council of India (MCI) revealed significant deficiencies in faculty (16.79%) and residents (21.73%), as well as shortcomings in mi…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of the Medical Council of India's (MCI) order rejecting the renewal of permission for the third batch of 150 MBBS students at Chintpurni Medical College for the 2013‑14 academic year. The college had previously been granted permission, but a routine inspection followed by a surpr…

The Medical Council of India (MCI) challenged interim orders issued by the Karnataka High Court that directed the Central Government to include seats of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences' medical college in the seat matrix despite the college not having its Section 10‑A permission renewed for the 2002‑03 acade…

The Trust sought to establish a medical college in Salem and required affiliation from Dr. M.G.R. Medical University. The University and the State Government conditioned affiliation on prior State permission, which the Trust could not obtain. The Central Government, under Section 10‑A of the Indian Medical Council Act …

The petitioners, two minor students, feared loss of seats in the 15% All India Quota (AIQ) for MBBS/BDS courses because several states failed to adhere to the prescribed admission time‑schedule, causing vacancies to revert to state quotas. The Supreme Court examined whether the AIQ must be calculated including Section …

The State of Punjab issued a notification reserving 60% of postgraduate medical seats for in‑service candidates and 40% for general candidates, and lowered the minimum qualifying mark in the entrance test from the 50% prescribed by Regulation 9 of the Postgraduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000 to 40%. The Punjab …

The State Board conducted a combined entrance exam for MBBS and BDS seats for the 1997‑98 session. Respondent No. I, not selected for MBBS, opted for BDS and was admitted. After some MBBS seats became vacant, petitioners sought mid‑stream admission to those seats; the Patna High Court directed the Controller of Examina…

The All India Children Care and Educational Development Society applied to the Central Government under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 for permission to establish a medical college, submitting a scheme that required ownership of a 300‑bed teaching hospital and adequate staff and clinical facilities. The Allahabad…

The Supreme Court examined whether the admissions of the second batch of MBBS students by Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute in the 2009‑10 academic year were lawful. The Institute admitted the students despite explicit directions from the Medical Council of India (MCI) and the Ministry of Health & Family We…

Dr. Ganga Prasad Verma, an Assistant Professor, was promoted to Associate Professor in Neuro‑Surgery, a promotion challenged on the ground that he lacked the M.Ch. qualification required for the post. The High Court set aside the promotion and ordered a fresh consideration in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Dr…

The appellant, Poonam Verma, sued Dr. Ashwin Patel (a registered homoeopathic practitioner) and Dr. Rajeev Warty for negligence after her husband died following treatment with allopathic medicines prescribed by Dr. Patel, who was not qualified to practice allopathy. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission d…

The Annasaheb Chudaman Patil Memorial Medical College, authorized for 100 MBBS seats, sought to increase its intake to 150 seats and was conditionally permitted by the National Medical Commission (NMC). A surprise inspection in January 2022 uncovered serious deficiencies in faculty, infrastructure, and patient records,…

The Supreme Court considered appeals against a Punjab and Haryana High Court order that struck down a domicile/residence‑based reservation provision in the prospectus of Government Medical College, Chandigarh for PG medical courses. The petitioners sought to uphold the reservation for candidates with a ‘Chandigarh back…

The Punjab Government, invoking a need to fill 100 seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in MBBS/BDS courses, lowered the minimum qualifying marks for these categories from the 40% prescribed by the Indian Medical Council (MCI) Regulation II to 35% and later to 25% for the 1987 session. Only 32 eligi…

The Medical Council of India (MCI) and the Union of India debarred Lord Buddha Educational Society’s medical college for the 2018‑19 academic year after inspections revealed gross deficiencies in faculty, resident numbers and bed occupancy, invoking Regulation 8(3)(1)(a) of the 1999 Medical College Regulations. The col…

The Supreme Court considered two appeals by Dr. Ajay Pradhan and Dr. Sanjay Kumar Shrivastava who sought admission to postgraduate medical seats that became vacant towards the end of the 1986-87 academic year. Both relied on Rule 10 of the Madhya Pradesh Selection for Post‑Graduation Courses Rules, 1984, which states t…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Government of NCT of Delhi could impose a condition requiring private charitable hospitals that received land at concessional rates to provide free treatment to economically weaker sections. The Court held that such a condition is a valid exercise of executive power under Article …

The Supreme Court examined the selection process for admission to the Government Medical College, Jammu for 1979‑80, where the State had reserved seats for various categories including "rectification of regional imbalance", areas adjoining the line of control, bad pockets, social castes, wards of medical staff and stud…

The Andhra Pradesh Government prepared a panel under Rule 8 of the 1982 Medical & Health Service Special Rules to fill four Professor of Cardiology vacancies, counting only teaching experience after a DM qualification and excluding Assistant Professors who held an MD/MRCP with two years of Cardiology training. Dr R Mur…

The Supreme Court examined whether Rule 2(ee)(iii) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, which defines "registered medical practitioner", exceeded the legislative competence of the Central Government under the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, and whether state notifications declaring Vaids/Hakims as practitioner…

The appellant, a medical practitioner, administered the poison Pavulon to his parents‑in‑law and their three minor children, falsely claiming they were suffering from AIDS, with the intention of acquiring his father‑in‑law's property. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentence…

The Supreme Court examined a series of petitions challenging the denial of admission to postgraduate medical courses in Uttar Pradesh. The State Government had issued an order under s.28(5) of the U.P. State Universities Act, 1973 prescribing that merit for admission be determined solely by the percentage of marks obta…

The State of Bihar issued a prospectus for the 1992 Post‑Graduate Medical Admission Test reserving 50% of seats for socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women. The appellants challenged this reservation before the Patna High Court, which dismissed their writ petitions, lea…

The State of Maharashtra decided to establish a government medical college at Kolhapur, which was challenged by the Indian Medical Association on the ground that the State had not filed an application with the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences under Section 64 of the Act and that the decision contravened the un…

Rohilkhand Medical College, established in 2005, sought renewal of its MBBS intake for the 2008‑09 batch, but the Medical Council of India (MCI) repeatedly recommended non‑renewal due to deficiencies. Despite this, the Central Government granted permission after a central inspection team, which was later found by the C…

Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital sought to increase its MBBS admission capacity from 150 to 250 seats. The College had already been recognised under Section 11 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and had permission for 100‑150 seats. After an inspection report confirmed that the College satisfied all requirem…

IQ City Foundation, a medical college, applied for renewal of its permission under Section 10‑A of the Medical Council Act, 1956 to admit 150 MBBS students for the 2017‑18 academic year. The Medical Council of India (MCI) inspection and the subsequent Hearing Committee found a faculty deficiency of 15.9% and a resident…

The World College of Medical Sciences & Research and Hospital sought a writ of mandamus to quash the order that barred it from admitting MBBS students for the 2017‑18 and 2018‑19 sessions and to obtain renewal of its Letter of Permission (LOP). The Medical Council of India (MCI) inspection in October 2016 identified si…

Respondent Era Educational Trust applied to the Central Government for consent to establish a medical college, which was rejected after two inspections by the Medical Council of India. The Trust filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution, and the Allahabad High Court, without allowing a counter‑affidav…

The appellant, a medical graduate with an MBBS from Rajasthan University and an MD in Forensic Medicine from the University of Bihar, applied for a lecturer position in Forensic Medicine under the Rajasthan Medical Service (Collegiate Branch) Rules. The Rajasthan Public Service Commission rejected his application, stat…

The petitioners challenged Gujarat University rules that gave preference to its own graduates for postgraduate medical seats, arguing that the NEET (PG) scheme and Section 10D of the Medical Council Act, 1956 require admissions to be based solely on NEET merit, rendering the institutional preference ultra vires. The Su…

The Supreme Court examined whether a medical college can increase its MBBS seats without prior permission of the Central Government under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956. The Court held that Section 10A requires prior Central Government permission, based on the Council’s recommendation, for any increase in admissi…

The Supreme Court held that the right to education is a fundamental right flowing from Article 21, but it is limited to free education up to the age of fourteen and thereafter subject to the State’s economic capacity. The Court rejected the notion of a fundamental right to establish or obtain recognition for educationa…

The Baba Mungipa Education Trust applied to the Central Government for permission to establish a medical college in Tripura under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956, but received no response. The Trust obtained provisional university affiliation and admitted students, after which the Supreme Court directed the Centra…

The appellants, who qualified for postgraduate medical courses in Odisha as direct (open) candidates, challenged Clause 11.2 of the prospectus and the third proviso to Clause 9(2)(d) of the MCI regulations that gave additional weightage to in‑service candidates applying through the open category. They argued that the w…

Chintpurni Medical College obtained an Essentiality Certificate from the Punjab Government to establish a medical college, but the State later withdrew the certificate citing deficiencies and conditions it had imposed. The college challenged the withdrawal, arguing that the State lacked authority to rescind the certifi…

The Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI) challenged the constitutional validity of sections 23(1) and 23(2) of the Pre‑conception and Pre‑natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994, arguing that the provisions presumed guilt and violated Articles 14, 19(1)(g) a…

The appellant, a student who could not pursue a medical degree abroad due to the pandemic, challenged the National Medical Commission's (NMC) 2021 Licentiate Regulations and Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship (CRMI) Regulations, alleging they were ultra vires and violated Articles 14, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constit…

The Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) applied to the Medical Council of India (MCI) for renewal of permission to increase its MBBS intake from 100 to 150 seats for the 2015‑16 academic year. MCI inspections in December 2014 and May 2015 identified serious deficiencies in faculty, resident numbers, infrastru…

Krishna‑Mohan Medical College & Hospital challenged a Union of India order that barred it from admitting MBBS students for 2017‑18 and 2018‑19 and authorised the Medical Council of India to encash a Rs 2‑crore bank guarantee, on the ground of alleged faculty and resident‑doctor deficiencies and non‑cooperation with a s…

The Saraswati Educational Charitable Trust sought to establish a medical college and was granted conditional permission for the 2016-17 session. The Medical Council of India (MCI) conducted an inspection in November 2016, finding only minor deficiencies (faculty 1.5% and residents 6.52%) within permissible limits. A se…

The petitioners, a group of medical colleges, applied for permission to establish new medical colleges for the 2016-17 academic year. After the Medical Council of India (MCI) and the Central Government initially disapproved their schemes, the Supreme Court constituted an Oversight Committee which later granted conditio…

IQ City Medical College applied for renewal of its MBBS intake for the 2017‑18 academic year. The Medical Council of India (MCI) inspection identified deficiencies and recommended non‑renewal. A Hearing Committee found the deficiencies insufficient to deny renewal, but the Central Government sent the matter back to MCI…

The Medical Council of India (MCI) inspected Vedantaa Institute of Academic Excellence for its first renewal of permission to admit a second batch of MBBS students and found extensive deficiencies in faculty, resident strength, bed occupancy and infrastructure. The Bombay High Court directed MCI to conduct a fresh insp…

The Maharashtra University of Health Sciences prescribed, through its 2002 Ordinance, that internal assessment marks (20% of total) are to be used only for eligibility and aggregate calculation, while theory (including orals) and practicals are to be passed on the basis of external examination marks alone. A group of M…