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High Court of Gujarat

KETANKUMAR MOHANLAL PATELversusJYOTINBHAI BHARATBHAI GIRDHAR

Disposal
97-DISPOSED AS TRANSFER TO DISTRICT/SESSION COURT N.I. ACT.

Holding

The appeal must be transferred to the Sessions Court as the complainant’s right to appeal under the proviso of Section 372 CrPC/Section 413 BNSS is exclusive to that court.

Summary

The appellant filed an appeal under Section 378 of the CrPC and Section 419 of the BNSS against the trial court's acquittal of the respondents on a charge under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The appellant sought to have the appeal heard by the High Court, but the Court referred to its recent decision in Shivsinh Ganpatsinh Solanki v. State of Gujarat, which held that a complainant in a Section 138 complaint has a specific right to appeal under the proviso of Section 372 of the CrPC (or Section 413 of the BNSS) only before the Sessions Court. Accordingly, the High Court declined to consider the merits and ordered the appeal to be transferred to the appropriate Sessions Court, directing the Registry to send the complete record. The order emphasized the need for speedy disposal by the lower appellate court. No substantive merits of the acquittal were examined.

Issues considered

  • The jurisdictional question of whether an appeal against an acquittal under Section 138 NI Act can be entertained by the High Court or must be transferred to the Sessions Court under the proviso of Section 372 CrPC/Section 413 BNSS.
  • The effect of the Supreme Court and Gujarat High Court precedents (Shivsinh Ganpatsinh Solanki and Celestium Financial) on the appellant's right to appeal.

Legislation cited

Subjects

Acquittal appealSection 138 NI ActTransfer of appealSessions Court jurisdictionProviso Section 372 CrPCBNSS Section 413Criminal procedure

Judgment

      R/CR.A/600/2024                                   ORDER DATED: 09/02/2026




            IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

      R/CRIMINAL APPEAL (AGAINST ACQUITTAL) NO. 600 of 2024

==========================================================
                      KETANKUMAR MOHANLAL PATEL
                                 Versus
                  JYOTINBHAI BHARATBHAI GIRDHAR & ANR.
==========================================================
Appearance:
MR NIRAV C THAKKAR(2206) for the Appellant(s) No. 1
BAILABLE WARRANT UNSERVED for the Opponent(s)/Respondent(s) No. 1
MR YUVRAJ BRAHBHATT, APP for the Opponent(s)/Respondent(s) No. 2
RULE UNSERVED for the Opponent(s)/Respondent(s) No. 1
==========================================================

 CORAM:HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE SANJEEV J.THAKER

                               Date : 09/02/2026

                                ORAL ORDER


1.              This is an acquittal appeal filed under Section 378

of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter referred

to as `the Code’ for short) / under Section 419 of the

Bharatiya         Nagrik     Suraksha        Sanhita,     2023       (hereinafter

referred to as ‘BNSS’ for short) by the complainant against

the judgment and order impugned passed by the learned trial

Court, whereby the learned trial Court had acquitted the

respondent/s/accused of the charge under Section 138 of the

Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (hereinafter referred to as

the `NI Act’ for short).



2.              Heard learned advocate for the parties. Learned

APP     has      submitted    that    this     matter   is   required       to    be

transferred in view of the recent decision of this Court



                                     Page 1 of 3
     R/CR.A/600/2024                                         ORDER DATED: 09/02/2026




passed in Criminal Misc. Application No.12753 of 2019 with

Criminal Misc. Application No.12908 of 2019.



3.               Before entering into the merits of this case, this

Court deems it proper to refer to the latest decision rendered

by this Court in the case of Shivsinh Ganpatsinh Solanki V/s

State      of    Gujarat        &    Anr.       being    Criminal      Miscellaneous
Application Nos. 12753 of 2019 with 12908 of 2019 on
23.12.2025, wherein, after considering the various judgments
of   the        Hon’ble       Supreme          Court,   more     particularly,         the

judgment         in    the     matter     of     M/s    Celestium     Financial        V/s
A.Gyanasekaran               etc.   reported       in   2025    INSC        804,       has

observed and held that the Complainant, in a complaint

under Section 138 of the N.I. Act, being a Victim, has a

specific right to appeal under proviso of Section 372 of the

Code / Section 413 of the BNSS to the Court which is

immediately superior in hierarchy i.e., the Sessions Court.

Therefore, the applications for leave to appeal/appeal(s) which

are pending before this Court can be disposed of with a

direction       to     transfer     the    said     application/appeal(s)       to     the

concerned Sessions Court.


4.               In view of the above, learned advocate for the

petitioner requested to transfer the appeal to the concerned

Sessions Court.



                                          Page 2 of 3
           R/CR.A/600/2024                                                              ORDER DATED: 09/02/2026




  5.                    In      view         of      the        said        request,            this        appeal           is

  disposed of with a direction to the Registry to transfer the

  appeal           to        the        concerned              Sessions              Court.           After          it      is

  transferred to the concerned Sessions Court, it has to be

  treated as an Appeal under the proviso under Section 372 of

  the Code / Section 413 of BNSS and numbered accordingly.

  The Registry is directed to transfer the entire record of the
  case, including the certified copies of the order impugned and

  record          &      proceedings,                if     lying        with         this        Court,          to      the

  concerned lower Appellate Court, forthwith.


  6.                    Considering that the matter has been pending for

  considerable               time,         the        learned            lower         Appellate              Court          is

  required to make endeavour to dispose of the matter as

  expeditiously as possible. It is clarified that this Court has
  not gone into the merits of the matter at this stage.



                                                                                      (SANJEEV J.THAKER,J)
  M.H. DAVE


Original copy of this order has been signed by the Hon'ble Judge.
Digitally signed by: MAHESHKUMAR HASMUKHLAL DAVE(HC00193), PRINCIPAL PRIVATE SECRETARY, at High Court of Gujarat on 09/02/2026 18:37:26




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