Bombay High Court
BALIRAM SHAMRAO MOREversusASHOK NAGNATH MORE
- Disposal
- DISPOSED OFF
Holding
The appeal is dismissed as the Kabala is presumed genuine under Section 79 of the Evidence Act and the defendants failed to rebut it, leaving no substantial question of law.
Summary
The plaintiff claimed ownership of a 1000 sq.ft plot in Wadgaon, Osmanabad based on a Kabala (order of the Tahsildar) and sought a perpetual injunction against the defendants who allegedly encroached by raising a tin‑shed. The trial court and the first appellate court upheld the plaintiff's title and dismissed the defendants' claim. The defendants appealed, arguing that the Kabala was not proved and that the courts erred in law. The High Court examined the evidentiary presumption under Section 79 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (and the analogous Section 78 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023), holding that the Kabala is a public document presumed genuine unless rebutted. Since the defendants failed to disprove the Kabala, the court found no substantial question of law and dismissed the second appeal, also disposing of the stay application.
Issues considered
- Whether a Kabala (order of the Tahsildar) is admissible as evidence and enjoys a presumption of genuineness under the Evidence Act.
- Whether the burden of proof to rebut the Kabala lies on the defendants.
- Whether any substantial question of law arises warranting interference with the lower courts' findings.
Legislation cited
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 — s. 78
- Indian Evidence Act, 1872 — s. 79
Subjects
- land dispute
- title
- Kabala
- presumption of genuineness
- burden of proof
- perpetual injunction
- civil appeal
- second appeal
- evidence
Judgment
2026:BHC-AUG:43594
1 1025 SA.109.2026.odt
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY,
BENCH AT AURANGABAD.
1025 SECOND APPEAL NO. 109 OF 2026
BALIRAM SHAMRAO MORE AND ANR
VERSUS
ASHOK NAGNATH MORE
...
Mr. Sushant Baburao Choudhari, Advocate for Appellants / Defendants.
Mr. Sanjay A. Wakure, Advocate for Respondent / Plaintiff.
...
WITH
CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 12165 OF 2023
IN SA/109/2026
...
CORAM : SANJAY A. DESHMUKH, J.
DATE : 22nd September, 2026.
Per Court:
1 Heard learned Advocates for both the sides at length.
2 The learned Advocates for the appellants / original
defendants and respondent / original plaintiff pointed out the pleadings
and impugned judgment passed by learned District Judge-2,
Osmanabad in Regular Civil Appeal No.149 of 2015, dated 19 th
November, 2022, which was preferred against the judgment and
decree passed by the learned 4th Joint Civil Judge, Junior Division,
Osmanabad in Regular Civil Suit No.228 of 2010, dated 29 th April,
2014.
2 1025 SA.109.2026.odt
3 The plot bearing village Panchayat No.71, out of land
Block No.422, admeasuring 1000 sq.ft, situated at village Wadgaon
(Si), Tahsil and District Osmanabad, is the subject matter of suit and
appeal. The respondent / plaintiff came with the case that appellants /
defendants have encroached upon the suit property by raising tin-
shed. On the basis of title, he claimed possession of it, and also
prayed for perpetual injunction for not causing obstruction to the
plaintiff’s suit property, which he got as per the order of Tahsil Office,
Osmanabad. The suit was decreed. The Regular Civil Appeal filed by
the appellants / original defendants was dismissed. Therefore, this
Second Appeal has been preferred.
4 The learned Advocate for the appellants/defendants
submitted that Kabala by which suit property was allotted to the
respondent/plaintiff is not proved. The appellants are owner of the
adjacent plot and they purchased it. He submitted that the reasons
and findings of both the Courts are not legal and correct. He submitted
to form the substantial question of law and to grant the interim relief as
per grounds of objections raised in the appeal.
5 The learned Advocate for the respondent / plaintiff strongly
opposed the appeal and submitted that there are concurrent findings in
favour of the respondent / plaintiff. As per the order of the Tahsildar,
3 1025 SA.109.2026.odt
the respondent / plaintiff is owner and possessor of the suit property.
The evidence of Kabala Exhibit-44 is not disproved by the appellants /
original defendants. He submitted that mere possession without title
cannot be protected. He, therefore, prayed to dismiss the appeal as no
substantial question of law arises for determination.
6 On perusal of both the judgments and after considering
the submissions of both the sides, this Court found that the impugned
judgment is well reasoned. The title of the plaintiff is based on the
Kabala at Exhibit -44 / i.e. an order passed by the Tahsildar. It is a
public document and proof of it is dispensed with, as there is
presumption as to its genuineness, as per Section 79 of the Indian
Evidence Act, 1872, corresponding to Section 78 of the Bharatiya
Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. As per said Sections, though there is
presumptive value to the Kabala at Exhibit-44 / i.e. an order of the
Tahsildar, though it is rebuttable presumption. The onus lies upon the
appellants / defendants to rebut it. The defendants failed to disprove
the evidence of plaintiff. The learned Trial Court and the Appellate
Court have given convincing and acceptable reasons in favour of the
respondent / plaintiff. There is no substance in the grounds of
objections raised in the Second Appeal. No substantial question of law
arises for determination as there are concurrent findings on facts in
favour of respondent / plaintiff. The appeal deserves to be dismissed.
4 1025 SA.109.2026.odt
The Second Appeal is, therefore, dismissed in limine.
7 Civil Application No.12165 of 2023 of 2026 filed for stay to
the execution of the impugned judgment and award is disposed of.
[ SANJAY A. DESHMUKH, J. ]
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