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1535 judgments · newest first · showing 1201–1400
The appellant, a constable in the Maharashtra Prohibition and Excise Department, was rejected for promotion to Sub‑Inspector in 1966 because his chest measurement fell short of the standard prescribed in the Bombay Prohibition and Excise Department Rules, 1958. He was later promoted in 1970 and …
The Supreme Court considered two questions raised by Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing Co. Ltd.: (1) whether professional fees paid to solicitors for the amalgamation of Nawrosjee Wadia Ginning & Pressing Co. could be treated as revenue expenditure under the Income Tax Act, and (2) whether a …
The respondents filed a private criminal complaint alleging that the appellants forged an agreement and signatures to claim possession of property, invoking offences under IPC sections 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120B. The magistrate took cognizance of the complaint on 27 September 1983. The appellants …
The petition under Article 32 challenged the selection of three advocates—Mohinder Singh Suller, S.K. Sardana and Nawab Singh—as Additional District and Sessions Judges in Haryana, alleging that the High Court had no definite selection procedure and that one appointee was the son‑in‑law of a sitting …
The respondent, a constable in the Border Security Force, was repeatedly absent without leave from December 1983 and, after several notices, was deemed a deserter. A show‑cause notice dated 20 April 1984 warned that his further retention was undesirable and proposed dismissal under Section 11(2) of …
Umashankar Panda was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 307 for murdering his wife and two daughters with a sword and attempting to murder his three other children, who survived with grievous injuries. The trial court sentenced him to death, a judgment affirmed by the Madhya Pradesh High Court. In …
The assessee, Narang Dairy Products, was granted a development rebate under Section 33(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act for its entire machinery in AY 1965-66. Subsequently, part of the machinery was sold and the remaining plant was leased to Hindustan Lever Ltd for three years, within the eight‑year …
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) provided canteen facilities for its Class III and IV employees through three arrangements – an Implementation Committee, co‑operative societies and contractors – but had no statutory duty to run these canteens. The Central Government Industrial Tribunal held that 166 …
The Supreme Court examined whether cigarettes manufactured before 1 March 1978 but removed from the factory after that date were liable to the special excise duty introduced by Section 37 of the Finance Act, 1978. The respondent, a tobacco manufacturer, argued that excise duties are levied at the …
Godrej & Boyce manufactured refrigerators packed in corrugated fibre containers (CFCs) and contested the inclusion of CFC value in excise valuation. The Revenue served demand notices including CFC value, leading Godrej to file writ petitions. Godrej attempted to support its case with fabricated …
The appellant, an employee of Allahabad Bank, was disciplined and his pay scale was reduced. The Executive Director, who was temporarily holding charge of the Chairman and Managing Director posts, reviewed the penalty under Regulation 18 and enhanced it, reducing the appellant further. The appellant …
The respondent, K.V. Vijeesh, was placed at rank 172 in the select list for Diesel Assistant vacancies of the Southern Railways but was not appointed while lower‑ranked candidates were. He approached the Central Administrative Tribunal, which directed the Railways to consider him for any existing or …
The petitioners, children of deceased employees, were initially appointed on compassionate grounds and later regularized, after which they were promoted to Junior Assistant. A show‑cause notice was issued ordering their reversion because they had only about three years of service in the last grade, …
The appellants' land was acquired by the State of Rajasthan under Section 52 of the Rajasthan Urban Improvement Act, 1959, and vested in the State upon publication of a notification in 1984. After this vesting, the Central Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was extended to Rajasthan and the State amended …
The deceased Guddi, wife of the accused Kishore, suffered 80 % burns after kerosene was poured on her and she later died. Three dying declarations were recorded – one in the FIR, one under Section 161 of the Cr.P.C., and a judicial‑magistrate’s statement (Ex P‑8). The Sessions Court convicted …
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) allotted land to several cooperative housing societies, but after the premium was escalated the societies refused to accept the allotment, leading to its cancellation. The societies had deposited earnest money, and the question before the Supreme Court was the …
The Supreme Court entertained a public‑interest writ under Article 32 filed by Shaheen Welfare Association seeking the release of under‑trial detainees under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) where evidence was lacking or procedural safeguards were not observed. …
Vareliweaves Pvt. Ltd. imported partially oriented yarn (POY) and claimed exemption from countervailing duty (CVD) under a 1982 notification, arguing that the yarn fell in the 100‑750 denier category. The customs authorities, relying on a 1980 circular, treated the POY as belonging to the 75‑100 …
The respondents, employees of the Tamil Nadu government, were compulsorily retired after attaining the age of 50 years under Fundamental Rule 56(d). The State Government had issued G.O. No. 761 (1973) directing that cases be sent to a review committee six months before the retirement point. The …
The West Bengal State Electricity Board claimed Rs 28,68,264.06 from Fakir Chand Rice Mills for alleged pilferage in electricity consumption. The trial court ordered the mill to pay Rs 2,60,000, which the High Court later modified to a direction to deposit Rs 5,60,000 without adjudicating the …
The respondents filed a suit seeking declaration of ownership and possession of land, alleging that a 1950 registered sale deed in their favour was forged. The trial court accepted the presumption of due execution under Section 90 of the Evidence Act based on a certified copy of the deed, but the …
Rajender Prasad Gupta was appointed as an untrained temporary teacher on 5 May 1964 and was required to undergo training. He was given two opportunities to attend training in 1968 and 1969 but did not avail them, after which his service was terminated without notice. He challenged the termination, …
The petitioner, a Junior Scientific Officer in the Andhra Pradesh Institute of Preventive Medicine Service, claimed he met the qualifications for promotion to Senior Scientific Officer but was denied because Rule 4(b) of the service's ad‑hoc rules required a minimum of five years of post‑graduate …
The Bihar government took over Reghunandan Babula Kanya Middle School on 13 January 1981 under the Bihar Non‑Government Primary School (Taking Over Control) Act, 1976. Two teachers, Ramdeo Yadav and Raj Narain Yadav, who had been appointed as untrained teachers after 1 January 1971 and later …
The case concerned a salt factory operated by the respondents on a 138-acre leasehold that was due for renewal on 1 July 1983. The Union of India claimed title to the land and sought to compel the respondents to accept its title and obtain a renewed licence, while the respondents asserted that they …
The respondent applied for a flat under the Shimla Development Authority's Self‑Finance Scheme in 1986, paid an earnest deposit and was initially quoted a construction cost of Rs 1,44,000. In 1991 the Authority raised the cost to Rs 2,73,332 due to material price hikes and, after the District Judge …
The appellant, Ravindra Trimbak Chouthmal, conspired with his father to murder his wife Vijaya for dowry, severing her head and cutting her body into nine pieces to conceal evidence, also causing the death of the unborn child. He was convicted of murder under s.302 read with s.1208, and of offences …
The Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay billed Mafatlal Industries for electricity duty on guest houses it maintained for its employees, classifying them under Category C of the 1981 tariff. The company contended that the guest houses should fall under Category R, which is applicable to premises …
The Supreme Court examined whether, under Section 17(iii)(b) of the Uttar Pradesh Agricultural Produce Market Act, a purchasing trader remains liable to pay the market fee when the selling trader does not collect it. The dispute arose from a sale of specified agricultural produce between two …
EMKAY Investments Pvt Ltd, a newly set up small‑scale plywood manufacturer, claimed exemption from sales tax under Rule 3(66a) of the West Bengal Sales Tax Rules, 1941. The company used the brand name “Merinoply,” which belonged to another firm, Marinoply and Chemicals Ltd. The tax authorities …
The case concerned dealers of iron and steel who, under the Bengal Finance (Sales Tax) Act, 1941, were required to transport goods with a declaration signed by the consignor as mandated by Rule 89A(2). The dealers contended that the rule unfairly placed the burden of producing the declaration on …
An accident on 27 May 1988 gave rise to a compensation claim under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, which was filed on 23 December 1988. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 came into force on 1 July 1989, repealing the 1939 Act, but the claim was finally decided on 29 June 1992, creating a right to appeal …
Surinder Kaur, who had served as Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat Dialgarph for 15 years, attempted to file her nomination papers for the Sarpanch election scheduled on 18 January 1993. On 17 January, her husband was detained by police and the 7th respondent, Tara Singh, forcibly seized and destroyed her …
Corporal AK Bakshi and Corporal Sobhanan, each having accrued six punishment entries for misconduct, were discharged from the Indian Air Force under the Policy for Discharge of Habitual Offenders, which directs that such cases be dealt with under Rule 15(2)(g)(ii) of the Air Force Rules, 1969. They …
The landlords (Gurbachan Singh & Anr.) sought eviction of Shivalak Rubber Industries & Ors. under Section 13(2)(iii) of the East Punjab Rent Restriction Act, 1949, alleging that the tenants had made extensive unauthorised alterations—removing roofs, walls, doors, converting shops into sheds, stores …
The State of Karnataka prosecuted four respondents for the murders of two brothers, alleging they were killed with an axe and sickle. The trial court convicted them under IPC sections 302, 34 and 324 based on eye‑witness testimony, recovered blood‑stained weapons, and post‑mortem reports. The …
The Union of India entered into a contract with M/s G.S. Atwaland Co. for excavation work, and a dispute over equipment hire charges was referred to a sole arbitrator, T. Raja Ram, in the fifth arbitration. The arbitrator unilaterally enlarged the reference to include additional claims not …
The Joshi Ambashankar Family Trust, a charitable trust, sought High Court permission to sell a property after obtaining a modification order allowing sale with court approval and 3/4 trustee concurrence. While the trustees received an offer of Rs.9 lakh from a group of purchasers, the appellants …
The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd. (the petitioner) challenged the actions of secured creditors who had approached civil courts to realise their debts against a company undergoing winding‑up. The Supreme Court examined the extent of a secured creditor's right to enforce …
Junjaram, a protected tenant under the Berar Regulation of Agricultural Leases Act, 1951, surrendered his lease by an unregistered deed in 1956 and within a year applied for restoration of possession. The initial authorities held the surrender illegal and ordered restitution, but the Deputy …
The Association of Chemical Workers, a rival union at Chemicals & Fibers of India Ltd., challenged the recognition of the respondent union by the Industrial Court, alleging that the investigating officer had illegally used spot verification and alternate numbers to count members. The High Court …
The Supreme Court heard a civil appeal (No. 1608 of 1979) challenging the genuineness of a will executed by Bhagwana on 15 October 1957, which left his property to Atma Ram. The appellant, Bhagwana's daughter, claimed that the will was not genuine and sought relief, arguing that she was not a party …
The appellant filed a return under Section 12 of the Maharashtra Agricultural Land (Ceiling of Holdings) Act, 1961, claiming he had three sons and three daughters, and argued that the family was therefore entitled to two additional units of land under Section 6. He produced school certificates for …
Mohammad Aslam Khan was convicted under Section 22 read with Section 8(c) of the NDPS Act for possession of 50,000 Mandrex tablets seized from flat No.102 in Andheri. The prosecution relied on an agreement allegedly signed by the appellant, seized from the premises, and on statements made by the …
Prakash Trading Co., a groundnut oil manufacturer, claimed an additional tax deduction for deoiled cakes exported or sold to exporters under the export incentive provisions of the Finance Acts of 1966 and 1967, which were linked to the First Schedule of the Industries (Development and Regulation) …
The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) advertised for an Assistant Professor in Endocrinology. Dr. Nikhil Tandon was appointed, while Dr. Ajay Sood challenged the appointment, alleging that Tandon did not possess the required D.M. qualification or an equivalent recognised qualification. …
Costao Fernandes, a customs preventive officer, chased a vehicle suspected of smuggling gold and, during a scuffle, the driver died. He was prosecuted under Section 302 IPC, while claiming immunity under Section 155 of the Customs Act, 1962. The trial court and High Court denied the protection, …
The wife of the appellant was admitted to a government civil hospital for delivery and a sterilisation operation. During the sterilisation a mop was left inside her peritoneal cavity, leading to peritonitis and her death. The appellants sued the State of Maharashtra and the doctors for damages. The …
The Delhi Government, after constituting a high‑power Review Committee as directed in Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, sought the withdrawal of TADA charges in several cases. The Special Public Prosecutor filed applications before the Designated Court relying solely on the Committee’s …
The trial court dismissed a suit by the Sri Anjaneya Swami Temple seeking title to 29 acres of agricultural land, holding that the grant of land to the Archaka was personal to him. A Single Judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Court affirmed this finding on appeal. The temple then filed a Letters Patent …
Mansu, a tenant, claimed pre-emption rights over a suit property sold by co‑sharers (male and female) under the Punjab Pre‑emption Act as applicable to Haryana. Shadiram, the vendee, argued that the female vendors' share was not pre‑emptable under Section 15(2) and that, as a successor‑in‑interest, …
Bharat Forge Co. Ltd. challenged the Industrial Tribunal's refusal to allow it to adduce fresh evidence in support of a dismissal order against employee AB Zodge. The Tribunal, and subsequently the Bombay High Court, held that under Section 11A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, the employer …
The case concerned whether a civil court could entertain a suit to determine title under the Tamil Nadu Minor Inam (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1963. The trial court had decreed in favour of the respondents, but the first appellate court set aside the decree on the ground that the …
The petitioners challenged the Central Government’s exercise of power under Section 4(1) of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 to grant licences to private companies for establishing and operating telecommunication services, arguing that the privilege was exclusive to the Government and that the …
The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) received a large income‑tax refund for the life‑insurance business in the assessment year 1963‑64, which it claimed should be treated as a profit and deducted under Rule 2(1)(b) of the Income‑Tax Act. The tax authorities argued that only the portion of …
The appellant was seized at a hotel in a notified area under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) after police, acting on prior information, recovered a country‑made revolver with two live cartridges and cash. The seized items were sealed, placed in safe custody and, …
The respondent, D.K. Jain, a member of the Indian Audit and Accounts Service, was appointed Director (Finance) of Fertilizer Corporation of India (FCI) for a term of five years under Article 69 of the corporation's Articles of Association. He later accepted a two‑year appointment as Director …
A clerk of the Municipal Committee, Bahadurgarh was found to have misappropriated Rs. 1,548.78 and falsified accounts. He was convicted under Section 409 of the Indian Penal Code, later altered to Section 468, and the municipality dismissed him. The Director of Local Bodies reduced the punishment to …
Padmini Chandrasekharan filed a suit claiming sole ownership of a house in Gandhi Nagar, Madras, and sought an injunction against R. Rajagopal Reddy. The dispute centered on whether the second defendant, Venugopal Reddy, was a benamidar for Rajagopal Reddy under the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) …
Gyaso Bai executed a will in 1964 bequeathing land to Ram Swaroop, and a probate was granted in 1965. The government later acquired the land and, under the Land Acquisition Act, a reference court directed compensation to be paid in the ratio of two‑thirds to the appellants and one‑third to the …
The appellant, the original owner of a parcel of land, sold the property to the respondent on the condition that the respondent would discharge an existing mortgage of Rs.5,000. The appellant himself paid all installments and ultimately discharged the mortgage, while the respondent never did so nor …
The respondent, an employee of Traders Bank, tendered his resignation on the same day the bank sought to terminate his service by offering three months' pay in lieu of notice and returned the cheque. Traders Bank was later amalgamated with Bank of Baroda under Section 45 of the Banking Companies …
The appellant, J. Jose Dhanapoul, challenged an order of the Tamil Nadu Administrative Tribunal that annulled the appointment of S. Thomas without the appellant being made a party to the proceedings. The Tribunal had issued the impugned order on June 15, 1993, cancelling Thomas's appointment, but …
In a suit for ejectment filed on 5 April 1984, the respondent entered into a compromise and a decree for eviction was subsequently recorded. The respondent failed to deliver possession, prompting the appellant to file an execution petition. The respondent first challenged the validity of the …
The Ranchi Municipal Corporation demanded Rs 1,01,501 as service charges from the Railways for the years 1993‑94 and 1994‑95. The Union of India challenged the demand, and the Patna High Court upheld it. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the municipality could levy such charges under …
Babulal obtained a decree for specific performance of a contract for sale of immovable property, but the decree did not grant possession. When the decree‑holder sought to execute the decree, Raj Kumar (the appellant), who was not a party to the decree, claimed a right in the property and obtained an …
The tenant, Jain Motor Car Co., was served an eviction petition by the landlord, S.P. Jain, for defaulting on rent payment and alleged sub‑letting. The Rent Controller ordered the tenant to pay arrears within one month and to continue depositing monthly rent by the 15th, but the tenant paid the …
The respondents, who were the khewatdars of land classified as “Shamlat deh” in village Brahman Majra, claimed that the land reverted to them after the Gram Sabha was abolished, invoking Rule 3 of the Punjab Gram Panchayat Rules, 1965. The Municipal Committee of Sirhind argued that the land had …
The National Council for Cement and Building Materials, a society, was challenged by its employees’ association to prepare certified standing orders under the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946. The society argued that it was not an “industry” within the meaning of the Industrial …
Ritesh R. Shah, a reserved‑category candidate, applied for admission to the MBBS course in Maharashtra for 1995‑96 but was denied because other reserved‑category applicants were admitted against the reserved quota despite being eligible on open‑merit grounds. He challenged the state’s selection …
The respondents were appointed as temporary Investigators‑cum‑Computer under a scheme that was later cancelled, but they were allowed to continue in service by an interim order of the Allahabad High Court. While still serving, they filed a writ petition seeking the same salary as regular …
Jyoti Ltd., a Baroda‑based company, claimed that its reserves for doubtful debts (Rs 85,000) and gratuity (Rs 5,60,000) should be treated as part of its capital base for computing statutory deduction under the Companies (Profits) Surtax Act, 1964. The Surtax Officer excluded the amounts; the …
The respondents, who had been directly appointed as casual mates in Class III of the Northern Railway, were later regularised as gangmen (Class IV) by the railway authorities. They contended that their long‑term service as mates and the temporary status conferred upon them entitled them to be …
The case involves Ram S. Sharma, a government servant who discovered, after 25 years of service, that his date of birth recorded in the service records was incorrect. He claimed that his correct date of birth was January 2, 1939, instead of the recorded December 16, 1934, and sought correction. The …
In this civil appeal, the appellant J.L. Jain challenged the decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal that denied a reopening of a departmental inquiry against him. The appellant sought a one‑time opportunity to participate in the inquiry, present his defence, and cross‑examine witnesses. The …
The respondent was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, having been in custody since September 1983. She filed an application in the High Court seeking premature release, and the High Court ordered her release on the ground that the State had failed to file a counter‑affidavit …
The respondent, L. Srinivasan, an Assistant Section Officer in the Prohibition and Excise Department, was suspended and a departmental inquiry was ordered while a charge‑sheet for embezzlement and fabrication of false records was filed and a criminal trial was pending. The Tamil Nadu Administrative …
The appellant sought eviction of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh (RSS Sangh) from premises it occupied. The Sangh was represented in the suit by its manager, president and a member, and the trial court dismissed the suit. The Madhya Pradesh High Court, on appeal, decreed ejectment in favour of the …
Darshan Singh, a bus conductor employed by the State of Punjab, was removed from service on 26 May 1989 for alleged misconduct of collecting fares without issuing tickets, which was deemed fraud. The removal order also listed his earlier punishments, leading the trial court to hold that the …
The appellants, whose land was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, entered into an agreement with the municipal corporation to receive two‑thirds of the compensation at a rate of Rs.40 per square yard, with interest fixed at 4% per annum from possession. The compensation award was later …
The State of Uttar Pradesh acquired 13.75 acres of land for a government college and the Land Acquisition Officer initially fixed compensation at Rs 11,887.78 per acre. A District Judge later awarded Rs 5 per square foot and the High Court reduced it to Rs 3.30 per square foot, relying on sale deeds …
The appellants, former employees of the Army School, Jalandhar, claimed that the school had failed to pay the minimum wages fixed by the State Government and filed an application under Section 20(2) of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The Authority initially granted relief, but the Punjab & Haryana High …
The appellant, K.D. Dangde, was a tenant of agricultural land owned by Anjanabai, a widow and member of a joint family, from before 1 April 1957. A partition suit in 1961 resulted in the land being allotted to Anjanabai, who later applied for an exemption certificate under Section 88C of the Bombay …
The Chandigarh Administration allotted 10.5 acres of land to the managing society for 99 years in 1975, fixing the ground rent at Rs 100 per acre per annum, which was lower than the rate mandated by Rule 13 of the Chandigarh Lease‑hold of Sites and Buildings Rules, 1973. In 1991 the Estate Officer …
The case involved a dispute between two rival managing committees of Sri Ratnamuni Jain Inter College, Agra. The education authorities initially recognized the appellants' scheme of administration but later withdrew that recognition, prompting the appellants to file a civil suit seeking an interim …
M/s Dodsal Pvt. Ltd. entered into a contract with the Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking (DESU) that contained an arbitration clause. DESU later challenged the arbitral award, arguing that the contract was void because it violated Sections 201 and 203 of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act and a …
K. Nandakumar was injured in a collision between his motorcycle and a bus owned by Thanthai Periyar Transport Corporation on 15 January 1987, resulting in permanent disability. He filed a claim under Section 92-A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 for no‑fault compensation, but the Motor Accidents …
Mukhtar Ahmed filed a suit seeking a declaration that he was entitled to a two‑thirds share in a house as a co‑owner. Earlier, in a suit filed by a co‑sharer, the court had determined that the co‑sharer was only entitled to a one‑fifth share, and that decree became final. The issue before the …
The land originally owned by Smt. Kokilla was acquired by the State under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, with a notification on 15 April 1928 and a declaration on 28 July 1928 for a public purpose. Compensation was paid and, under Section 16 of the Act, the land vested in the State free of all …
The appellant purchased an undivided interest in a 106‑acre parcel where the respondent was the tenant in actual possession. A revenue forum initially held both parties to be tenants in common, but a later appellate order declared the appellant not to be a tenant, making the respondent the sole …
The Balmokand Khatri Educational and Industrial Trust challenged the acquisition of its land by the State of Punjab, arguing that the government illegally dispensed with the enquiry required under Section 5-A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 by invoking the urgency clause in Section 17(4) for the …
The case concerned a claim by Ahmed Ebrahim, a Burmese citizen, that he had purchased six lakh shares of Khatiawad Industries Ltd., a company declared an evacuee property in 1959, and that the declaration was illegal because notice under Section 7 read with Rule 6 of the Administration of Evacuee …
The Steel Authority of India sued New Marine Coal Co. to recover Rs 1,13,000 for coal supplied under an agreement that required Grade‑I coal between Dec 1962 and June 1967. Instead, Grade‑II coal was delivered but the plaintiff collected the price of Grade‑I, and the contract contained a clause …
Sant Singh appealed against a notice issued under Section 5 of the U.P. Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960, contending that a sale of 10 acres 33 cents to his minor daughter before the appointed day (24 January 1971) and a transfer of 13.47 acres to a private temple after that date …
Abdul Qadir, as successor of an evacuee property declared under the Custodian of Evacuee Property Act, 1950, claimed adverse possession over land and sought to be recorded as sirdar and bhumidar in two khatas. The Consolidation Officer and Settlement Officer initially upheld his claim, but the …
The land originally owned by Lilachand Bhandari was hypothecated to Hirachand in 1942. Hirachand leased the land to respondents No.2 and No.3 in 1947‑48, making them tenants under the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. Respondent No.2 purchased the equity of redemption on 27 December …
The petitioners were detained under Section 3(2) of the Prevention of Black Marketing and Maintenance of Supplies of Essential Commodities Act, 1980 and filed representations against their detention on 23 August 1995. They alleged that the State and Central Governments failed to dispose of these …
The assessee, Duncan Brothers & Co. Ltd., claimed that provisions it made for income‑tax liability (Rs 16,48,888 for AY 1963‑64 and Rs 17,52,920 for AY 1964‑65) could either be treated as part of its capital or be deducted from the cost of excluded investments under the Super Profits Tax Act, 1963 …
The Supreme Court entertained a social‑action writ filed by the Indian Council for Enviro‑Legal Action on behalf of villagers of Bichhri, who suffered severe water, soil and health damage due to untreated effluents and toxic sludge from private chemical industries. The petition sought directions …
The State prosecuted S.J. Chaudhary for murder and offences under the Explosive Substances Act, seeking to introduce the testimony of a typewriter expert to identify the machine that produced a disputed document. The trial court and the Delhi High Court excluded the expert's opinion, relying on the …
The Union of India appealed a Bombay High Court order that had allowed a writ petition filed by Victory Plastic Pvt. Ltd. The dispute concerned customs duty on PVC resin imported under tariff Item No. 39.01/06 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975. An initial 1979 notification granted full exemption from …
The Supreme Court examined the validity of Sections 44AC and 206C of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961, which allow tax to be levied on a presumptive basis on traders of specified goods. Petitioners argued that the provisions were ultra‑violes, beyond Parliament’s competence under Schedule VII, Entry 82, …
The Commissioner of Income Tax, Kerala appealed against the Kerala High Court's decision in favor of Kilkottagiri Tea and Coffee Estate Co. Ltd., which allowed the company to claim a development allowance for unclaimed expenses incurred in clearing land and planting tea bushes during 1966-67 and …
The appellant, Arumugam Chetiyar, occupied a house as a tenant from 1971. In 1977 the landlord executed a mortgage deed in favour of the appellant. The issue was whether the mortgage deed implied a surrender of the appellant's tenancy rights, thereby converting him merely into a mortgagee. The trial …
The appellants, eight brothers and relatives, disputed a strip of land owned by the deceased and, on 17 August 1982, armed themselves with axes and sticks, attacked the deceased and others, causing the deaths of two victims. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 324, 325 read with …
The Trust sought to establish a medical college in Salem and required affiliation from Dr. M.G.R. Medical University. The University and the State Government conditioned affiliation on prior State permission, which the Trust could not obtain. The Central Government, under Section 10‑A of the Indian …
The case concerned a land acquisition under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 where the notification under Section 4(1) was published in 1965 and the declaration under Section 6 in 1969, but the award of compensation was only made in 1986. The appellants argued that an erratum notice that listed guntha …
The deceased Newaj Mal executed a registered will leaving his land to his daughter's son, a fact accepted by the Director of Consolidation and upheld by the Allahabad High Court. The brother of the deceased (appellant) claimed a preferential right to the property under Class V of Section 24 of the …
The respondent, Mis. Sh. Ram Rayons, applied for a supplementary import licence and paid a fee of Rs.1 lakh under Clause 4(2) of the Imports (Control) Order, 1955. A policy change later prevented the issuance of the licence, prompting the respondent to file a writ petition seeking a refund of the …
The Union of India acquired land under the Requisitioning & Acquisition of Immovable Properties Act, 1952 and offered compensation to the owners, who rejected it, leading to reference to an arbitrator under section 8(1). The arbitrator awarded higher compensation with solatium and interest, and the …
The State of Rajasthan sued Mis. Kalyan Sundaram Cement Industries Ltd. for recovery of sums due under an agreement after three post‑dated cheques issued in 1989 bounced. Alongside civil suits for recovery, criminal complaints were filed under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and …
The State of Kerala initiated acquisition proceedings against George Joseph, issuing a notice under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 on 26 September 1978. The Collector later made an award on 27 March 1981, and the respondent claimed an additional amount under Section 23(1A) of the …
The appellant, Maheshwari Senior Higher Secondary School, challenged the termination of Bhikha Ram Sharma, who had been appointed as a Steno‑Typist on an ad‑hoc basis on 15 July 1992. The management passed a resolution on 21 May 1994 abolishing the ad‑hoc post, and Sharma's service was terminated on …
The petitioners, Pankaj Kumar Saha and his brother, were issued Scheduled Caste certificates in 1982, which were later cancelled by the Sub‑Divisional Officer. The petitioners challenged the cancellation, claiming that they belong to the Sunri Scheduled Caste, despite the Presidential notification …
The respondents, who were promotee Extra Assistant Directors in the Central Water Commission Engineering Class‑I Service, challenged the seniority list prepared by the Union of India which placed them below direct recruits appointed later. The dispute centered on the interpretation of the 1965 …
The appellant, Savitri Devi, challenged the State of Haryana after her land was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for residential and commercial purposes. Although compensation had been paid and the acquisition became final, the land remained unused, and she sought a plot in lieu of her …
The appellant Sadasivam sought a declaration that a sale deed executed by his father Marappa in favour of the respondent Doraisamy was a sham and that his interest in the joint family property remained unaffected. The lower courts had held the sale deed valid and the will of the grandfather …
The grandfather, Gulla Kondala Rao, executed a deed of gift in 1947 in favour of his second wife, Narasamma, and she later bequeathed the same properties to the plaintiffs by a registered will in 1964. The adopted son, Ramarao, later sold the properties claiming they were joint family assets, but …
The Dadar Avanti Cooperative Housing Society challenged the permission granted by the Municipal Commissioner allowing two flats in its building to be used as a surgical nursing home, a change from the residential use sanctioned in the original plan. The society argued that the building was approved …
The Government acquired land under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and the Land Acquisition Officer (LAO) made an award under Section 11 on 28‑02‑1989. The respondents, who were present at the award, filed an application for reference under Section 18 on 10‑06‑1989, exceeding the …
The State of Bihar appealed a Patna High Court order that had upheld a Board of Revenue decision allowing a land holder, governed by Mohammedan law, to claim an additional unit of land for his adult son. The land holder had been shown to hold surplus land under the Bihar Land Reforms (Fixation of …
The U.P. Rajkiya Nirman Nigam Ltd (appellant) and Indure Pvt Ltd (respondent) were negotiating a joint tender for the U.P. State Electricity Board. The appellant sent a draft agreement which it did not sign; the respondent returned a counter‑proposal deleting clause 10 and materially altering clause …
Gurbachan Singh and another filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution challenging a Supreme Court order passed under Article 136 that set aside a High Court and arbitrator award of enhanced solatium and interest under the Land Acquisition Act, 1864 (as amended by Amendment Act 68 of …
The Tamil Nadu Housing Board acquired 339 acres of land, including a one‑acre parcel earmarked for a public park, under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The original owners, represented by A. Viswam (deceased), claimed they remained in possession and sought a perpetual injunction against the Board. …
The petition concerned applications for a government subsidy filed on or before 30 September 1988 that substantially complied with the scheme’s guidelines. The petitioners contended that such applications should be considered for grant of subsidy, while the respondents opposed the claim. The Supreme …
Seth Banarasi Dass, the lessee of a sugar mill, was subject to a recovery certificate for government dues. Shares he owned were attached and put up for public auction, but he raised objections that the shares were pledged to banks and that the amount claimed was incorrect. The auction proceeded, the …
The State of Tamil Nadu directed sugar factories to pay an amount in excess of the statutory minimum and additional cane price fixed under the Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966, as an advance. Kothari Sugars and Chemicals Ltd. paid this excess amount and challenged the State's demand that purchase tax …
The State of Punjab declared a new grain market (new Mandi) and denotified the old market, directing licensed commission agents to shift their businesses. Plots in the new Mandi were sold by public auction, and the appellants, who owned shops in the old Mandi, sought allocation of alternative sites …
The appellants, members of a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF), contended that no valid assessment order had been issued for the HUF for assessment year 1955-56 because the order was unsigned, and that they never received statutory notices. The Income Tax Officer proceeded under Section 147(a) and later …
The Sanjeevanar Medical and Health Employees Co‑operative Housing Society appealed against a High Court order that quashed a land acquisition notification and declaration made under Sections 4(1) and 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The acquisition was for providing house sites to the society’s …
Ajit Singh and his co‑accused Rajpal were convicted for robbery (IPC 392) and for robbery with a weapon (IPC 397) and dacoity (IPC 394) arising from an incident on 12 April 1990 in which they attempted to stop a scooter, seized valuables and later Ajit fired a pistol after the victim struck him with …
The appeal concerned whether the appellant, a daughter of Ram Singh and Gurnam Kaur, was a legitimate child despite Gurnam Kaur's earlier marriage not being legally dissolved. Earlier courts had held the child illegitimate because the prior marriage was void under Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage …
The Supreme Court examined whether the State Bank of India's policy of promoting Middle Management Grade Scale II officers who had not completed the statutory two‑year line assignment and three‑year rural/semi‑urban service, by placing them in a provisional List B and later promoting them after they …
The Supreme Court considered an appeal by the Collector of Customs against a Karnataka High Court judgment that had allowed a writ petition filed by M/s. Lekhraj Jessumal and Sons. The respondents had imported miniaturised reed switches for electronic hearing aids, which the customs authorities held …
The Vadakkenchary Co. Operative Service Bank Ltd. appealed against judgments of the Kerala High Court (Civil Appeal Nos. 2274‑78 of 1977). The appellants later sought liberty to withdraw these appeals, invoking earlier orders of this Court that allowed similar withdrawals. The Court granted the …
The State issued a notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to acquire 105 acres for defence purposes. The Land Acquisition Officer initially awarded compensation of Rs.30 per square yard, which the civil court later enhanced to Rs.108 per square yard. The respondent …
The respondent, Thachudaya Kaimal, claimed that certain properties were granted to him personally for his benefit under a historic decree, entitling him to the income or usufruct of those premises. The trial court and the first appellate court dismissed his suit, but the Kerala High Court in a …
The Bombay Environmental Action Group appealed to the Supreme Court against the Bombay High Court’s order closing contempt proceedings against builders who were constructing a building on plot No. 57. The High Court had held that the construction did not violate its earlier interim injunction dated …
The appellant, representing the Patni Jamat, sought an occupancy certificate from the Mamlatdar in 1951 for land to be used as a Kabristan. A later suit (Suit No. 151/66) declared that all four jamats were jointly entitled to the land, and an injunction was placed against the appellant; this decree …
The appellant, a government employee, sought annual increments of Rs.100 on his pay scale as directed by a previous Supreme Court order, arguing that after reaching the maximum of the scale the increments should continue as special pay. He also claimed entitlement to local allowances on par with the …
The appellant S. Noordeen challenged the validity of a sale of properties that had been attached before judgment in a suit (O.S. No. 95/53) to recover a debt from D.J. Gonzaga. The properties, including items 1‑7 attached under Order 38 Rule 6 of the CPC, were incorporated in a compromise decree …
The appellants challenged the constitutional validity of the Rajasthan Urban Lands Tax Act, 1964 as amended in 1973 to levy tax on both lands and buildings, arguing that the amendment exceeded the State's legislative competence and rendered the entire legislation "still‑born." The High Court …
The appellant, Dharmvir, was elected to the Haryana Legislative Assembly from the Toshan constituency in June 1987. Petitioners alleged that during the counting of votes, Dharmvir's agents double‑marked, defaced and mutilated ballot papers cast for the rival candidate, Bansi Lal, and intimidated the …
The Bihar Legislature enacted the Bihar Tax on Entry of Goods into Local Areas for Consumption, Use or Sale Therein Act, 1993, imposing a tax of up to 5% on scheduled goods entering any local area in the State. The Patna High Court struck down the Act on grounds that it violated Article 301 of the …
Marikar Motors Ltd., a dealer in motor trucks, sold vehicles on a hire‑purchase basis where the agreement stipulated a two‑year period and an option to purchase at the end. The dispute before the Supreme Court concerned when, for purposes of the Kerala Sales Tax Act, a sale is deemed to occur – …
The petitioner, a former semi‑skilled workman who later became an Assistant Store Keeper, claimed that he was unfairly excluded from promotion to the OEP Section, alleging a violation of his right to consideration. The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) dismissed his application through a …
The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Section 4 of the Uttar Pradesh Amendment Act 33 of 1972, which abolished letters‑patent appeals from judgments of a single High Court judge in writ jurisdiction concerning revenue and tenancy matters. The petitioners challenged the amendment …
The appellant‑defendant challenged the trial and Kerala High Court judgments that upheld a suit for recovery of Rs 1.5 lakhs on a promissory note (Ex A) executed for the transfer of 3 acres 44 cents of land and a building. The appellant contended that the note was purportedly for cash consideration, …
The State of U.P. filed an FIR against O.P. Sharma, manager of Modi Paints and Varnish Works, for storing large quantities of edible oils without a licence under the U.P. Oil‑seeds and Oil‑seeds Products Control Order, 1966 and the Edible Oil‑seeds and Edible Oils (Storage Control) Order, 1977. The …
City Mills Distributors Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated on 30 October 1972. Its promoters had earned Rs. 24,862 from business carried out between 1 and 20 October 1972, before the company existed, and the Income‑Tax Officer included this amount as pre‑incorporation profit in the company's assessment for …
The appellant Dharma challenged the acquittal of Nirmal Singh for the rape and murder of Ravinder Jit Kaur. The Supreme Court examined whether its power under Article 136 (and 142) of the Constitution is limited by Section 401(3) of the CrPC when hearing an appeal against an acquittal. It also …
The petitioners, owners of buildings claimed to be exempt from property tax under Section 99 of the Cantonment Act, appealed an assessment order without depositing the tax as required by Section 87. The appellate authority allowed the appeal, invoking the exemption, which led the Cantonment Board to …
The appellants, heirs of the deceased Pitambar Hemlal Badgujar, challenged the compensation awarded by the Sub‑Divisional Officer for two parcels of land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for a market committee. The acquisition notifications dated 30 October 1965 and 11 March 1971 …
M.C. Dhingra, who had rendered temporary service in a State Government before joining the Central Government and retired on 1 February 1973, sought a proportionate pension for that earlier service. The Government of India issued a circular on 31 March 1982 allowing such pensionary benefits but …
The appellant, L. Rajaiah, a Junior Assistant in the Andhra Pradesh Registration and Stamps Department, was temporarily promoted to Senior Assistant in 1989 but later had to relinquish the post when senior officers were reinstated. In 1991, two Senior Assistant posts were created, yet the appellant …
Shyama Devi, a teacher employed by the State of Bihar, died on 17 August 1988 and had nominated certain persons to receive her General Provident Fund (GPF) benefits. The nominated claimants were paid the GPF amount. The deceased's brother's son, Chhangur Prasad Seth, later produced a succession …
The State of Orissa acquired about 120 decimals of land in Bhubaneswar for a road extension under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The landowner, Rajakishore Das, constructed a building on the land without obtaining municipal permission, despite knowing that the land was subject to acquisition. After …
The Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation terminated Ladulal Mali's service in 1983, a termination later confirmed by an appellate authority. Mali filed a suit seeking a declaration that the termination was illegal; the District Munsif declared the termination void and against natural justice. …
The appellant, S. Baldev Singh Mann, filed an election petition challenging the 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election of S. Gurcharan Singh (respondent No.1) on grounds of booth capturing and overspending. He alleged that the respondent and his agents threatened the appellant's polling agent and …
The Supreme Court examined the allotment of shops in a new marketing complex by the New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) to long‑standing roadside stall‑holders on a concessional licence fee and with relaxed trade‑zoning restrictions, while other traders obtained shops at higher fees and with strict …
The decree-holder, a deceased intermediary, obtained a decree for possession of an estate in 1965, but the estate had been vested in the State of Orissa by a notification under Section 3(1) of the Orissa Estate Abolition Act in 1963. The judgment debtor filed a Section 47 CPC objection, and the …
The appellants, two assistant teachers belonging to the Lohar caste, claimed that they were a Scheduled Tribe under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Order, 1950 (as amended in 1976) and sought promotion under the ST quota. They relied on the Hindi version of the Schedule, which listed …
The appellant Surendra Kumar purchased 25.12 acres of land in 1961 in his name, with his grandfather acting as guardian, and the land was later acquired by the government for an industrial area. An award under Section 11 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 granted compensation to the appellant, but …
The petitioners challenged the Kerala Electricity Surcharge (Levy and Collection) Act, 1989, alleging that it imposed a tax on the supply of electricity beyond the State's legislative competence and that Section 11, which retrospectively validated earlier surcharges, infringed judicial power. The …
The appellants, direct recruits appointed as Assistant Directors of Industries on 29‑09‑1980 under the Madhya Pradesh State Industries (Gazetted) Service Recruitment Rules, 1965, challenged a seniority list that placed ad‑hoc promotee respondents, appointed on 27‑09‑1980 without Public Service …
The Supreme Court examined two appeals challenging High Court orders that directed the Haryana State Electricity Board to appoint the heirs of deceased employees on compassionate grounds. The petitioners argued that compassionate appointments are meant to provide immediate financial relief to …
The dispute arose from a family partition and subsequent land demarcation ordered by the Assistant Director of Land Records, which was challenged by the respondents. The respondents appealed the demarcation order under Section 49 of the Karnataka Land Revenue Act, 1956, and the appeal was allowed, …
The Supreme Court entertained a petition under Article 136 of the Constitution, noting that the controversy was already covered by its earlier order in C.A. 3204/95 where delay was condoned and the matter was remitted to the High Court. Accordingly, the Court set aside the Rajasthan High Court’s …
The Municipal Committee of Abohar operates the Patel Water Works and sought to exclude its water‑department employees from the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. The Committee objected when a notice under Section 45‑A of the Act was issued, leading to an appeal under Section 75 after the …
The appellants appealed against the execution of a perpetual injunction decree that barred their mother from opening a window in a joint wall. The trial court had held the wall to be a 1½‑ft joint wall and the decree became final. Subsequent admissions showed that the original joint wall had been …
The Supreme Court considered the compensation payable for 12.5 acres of land acquired by the State of Maharashtra for extending a thermal power station. The original award fixed Rs 3,000 per acre, later enhanced on a per‑square‑foot basis, which the Court held to be illegal. It ruled that …
The case concerned several Extra‑Departmental Agents (EDAs) of the Postal Department who were terminated without notice. The appellants argued that EDAs are appointed under specific service rules and are not permanent employees, therefore the Postal Department is not an "industry" and the agents are …
The respondents, who had been employed as mazdoors between 1961 and 1969, sought to have their dates of birth corrected in service records after receiving retirement notices in 1995, relying on Panchayat certificates and requesting a medical board assessment. The single judge of the Andhra Pradesh …
V.G. Desai, a former telephone operator, sought retirement on medical grounds and the release of his General Provident Fund (GPF). The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) ordered payment of GPF, leave salary and interest from 20 April 1972 but denied pension, later directing that he be treated as …
The appellant was arrested at a bus stand in Delhi and a country‑made pistol with live cartridges was seized from his person. The prosecution relied solely on the depositions of police officers and an armourer who tested the weapon, as no independent civilian witnesses could be procured. The …
The Agricultural Income Tax Officer assessed Rs 84,788.78 for the period 1956‑58, which was quashed by the Kerala High Court on 1 January 1968, limiting liability to a 1/693 share of the estate. The appellants filed a suit in 1974 to recover amounts already paid by successors; the trial court …
The Gram Panchayat of Sufipind claimed that plot No.71 was a pathway vested in it under Section 4(2) of the Punjab Village Common Land (Regulation) Act, 1961. An application for realignment of the plot was filed in 1974, long after the consolidation proceedings had been completed in 1959. The …
The appellants challenged a sale deed dated 29 September 1959, alleging that it was obtained by fraud, misrepresentation and without consideration. The trial court dismissed the suit, finding the deed valid; the first appellate court reversed that finding, holding that adequate consideration had …
The appellants, private stage‑carriage operators, held temporary permits to ply a town‑service route (Chandragiri‑Renigunta via Tirupati) and relied on a government memorandum stating that town‑service routes could extend up to 8 km beyond municipal limits. The respondents, the Regional Transport …
Surjit Singh, a Deputy Superintendent of Police, underwent emergency bypass surgery in London while on leave and claimed Rs 3 lakh reimbursement. The State of Punjab initially refused, later paying Rs 40,000 based on AIIMS rates. Singh appealed, seeking reimbursement at the higher rates of Escorts …
The appellant bank promoted the respondent officer to MMG Scale II on the condition that he serve two years in a rural branch, and barred any officer who refused such posting from promotion for two years. The respondent refused the rural posting in 1990, later cancelled a subsequent posting in 1992, …
The Supreme Court considered a petition by U.P. Jal Nigam challenging the view that downgrading entries in an employee's annual confidential report (ACR) are adverse entries requiring mandatory communication and a representation under service rules. The High Court had held that any reduction in the …
The appellant, U.P. Jal Nigam, challenged the promotion of a Junior Engineer, N.K. Agarwal, who claimed entitlement to promotion under the 25% quota and a 5% graduate quota prescribed in the U.P. Jal Nigam Engineers (Public Health Branch) Service Regulations, 1978. Agarwal, a graduate with ten years …
Three medical officers were appointed on an ad‑hoc basis by Hindustan Shipyard Ltd. and later sought regularisation and parity pay. The Andhra Pradesh High Court directed that they be regularised with effect from 1 April 1986 and that they receive regular pay scales. On appeal, the Supreme Court …
The case involved a retiring railway employee (appellant No.2) who sought to have his married daughter, also a railway employee (appellant No.1), regularised in the railway quarter allotted to him. The Railway Board circular dated 11 August 1992 allowed regularisation only for a son or an unmarried …
The petitioners alleged that the CBI and other government agencies had failed to investigate thoroughly the hawala transactions uncovered during raids, which implicated politicians, bureaucrats and criminals. They sought the Supreme Court’s intervention under Article 32 to compel the agencies to …
The respondents filed eviction suits against tenant Harkesh Rai Agarwal in 1975, both of which were dismissed, after which a compromise decree was entered on 26 Nov 1981 whereby Harkesh Rai agreed to surrender a room now occupied by the appellant, Ram Chandra Verma. When execution of the decree was …
The dispute arose from land acquired under a notification dated 17 October 1981, with possession taken in January 1982. The Land Acquisition Officer awarded compensation of Rs 2,000 per acre on 31 July 1982, which was later enhanced by the civil court to Rs 4,000 per acre (7 November 1983) and by …
The State of Haryana filed a Letters Patent Appeal against a judgment of the Punjab & Haryana High Court, but delayed filing the appeal by 109 days. The High Court refused to condone the delay under Section 5 of the Limitation Act, 1963. The Supreme Court examined the meaning of "sufficient cause" …
The case concerned property bequeathed by Somasundram Pillai in 1950 to his wife Sellathachi and his cousin's widow Janakathachi as maintenance. After the testator's death the widows possessed the land, but a power of attorney later alienated it, prompting a suit to declare the alienations illegal. …
The assessee, a partnership firm of three partners, lost one partner on 12 January 1974. The partnership deed did not contain a clause allowing the firm to continue after a partner's death, so under Section 42 of the Partnership Act the firm dissolved on that date. The surviving partners formed a …
Raghbir Singh was caught with opium during a police raid and was offered the choice of being searched by the police officer or before a Gazetted Officer; he chose the latter and the search yielded the contraband. He was convicted under Section 18 of the NDPS Act and sentenced to ten years' rigorous …
The respondents filed a suit in 1978 to recover possession of land based on a 1924 declaratory decree that arose from a customary right to contest alienation under the Punjab Custom (Power to Contest) Act, 1921. The appellants, who had purchased the land, challenged the decree, arguing that the 1973 …
The petitioner, Satish Kumar, challenged his appointment as Pumpset Operator by the Jalandhar Improvement Trust, claiming entitlement to equal pay under Article 39(d) and Article 14 of the Constitution. He argued that despite lacking the minimum qualification prescribed for the post, he performed …
In December 1989, the deceased Rati Ram was attacked by two accused who struck him with musals on the head and body, causing multiple injuries. He died five days later from septicaemia that the autopsy report linked to the head injury, which was deemed sufficient to cause death in the ordinary …
Malkiat Singh, a police constable appointed on 20 April 1990, was discharged on 22 July 1992 on the grounds of prolonged absence and alleged irregular attendance, which the authorities claimed demonstrated his inefficiency. The record showed three instances of absence: a six‑hour tardiness on 10 …
The petitioners, who were employees of urban local bodies, filed a writ petition seeking equal pay on par with Medical Officers at a scale of Rs. 2200‑4000 and arrears dating back to 1986. The Anomaly Committee had recommended that such employees be placed on the said pay scale, effective from 7 …
Karam Singh, a Punjab police constable, was convicted under IPC Section 323 and released on probation, while being acquitted of murder (Sec. 302) and grievous hurt (Sec. 324). He applied for reinstatement, but the police authorities rejected his request under Rule 16.2(2) of the Punjab Police Rules. …
The appellant, appointed as a Junior Laboratory Technician on 3 May 1979, voluntarily transferred to the post of First Divisional Assistant on 28 October 1986 within the same department. He sought an advance increment under Karnataka Civil Services (Time Bound Advancement) Rules, 1983, which is …
The eldest male member of a joint Hindu family, acting as Karta, together with two widows who were also guardians of their minor sons, executed a sale deed of family lands. The plaintiffs, members of the same family, challenged the sale alleging fraud and contended that the Karta lacked authority …
