ABDUL RAZAK & ORSversusTHE STATE OF KARNATAKA REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS

                      [2015]7S.C.R.1


                   ABDUL RAZAK &ORS.                               A
                               v.
  THE STATE OF KA'RNATAKA REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS
            (Criminal Appeal No.795 of2015 etc.)
                                                                   B
                        MAY 15, 2015
           [T. S. THAKUR, R. K. AGRAWAL AND
               ADARSH KUMAR GOEL, JJ.]
       Penal Code, 1860: s.304 Part II - Appeal against            c
 conviction - Allegation against appellants that they caught
 hold of the victim-deceased, tied his hand behind his back
 and assaulted him with a club of stone resulting in injuries
 on his head and other parts of body leading to his death -
 Trial court held that the brother and mother of the deceased      D
 claiming to be eye witnesses instead of untying the deceased
 who was in a seriously injured condition returned home even
 after the assailants had fled away from th,e spot and that such
 conduct was unnatural and based on such finding acquitted
 the appellants - High Court reversed the finding of acquittal     E
 of trial court - On appeal, held: Conduct of prosecution
 witnesses did not inspire confidence not only because they
 did not interfere when the deceased was being assaulted but
 also because post the event, the witnesses did practically
 nothing to help the injured who was left to die with his hands    F
 tied for over 4 hours without any succor coming from any
 quarter - The prosecution case that mother and brother
 waited for police to reach and untie the hands of deceased is
 also not convincing - Investigating officer admitted that the     G
 report received by him about the incident was destroyed by
 him after fardbeyan of PW-1 was recorded on the spot- It is
.difficult to appreciate how Investigating officer could have
 destroyed the original complaint given to him by PW-1 -
 Conclusion by trial court that the prosecution had not proved     H
                                 1
2         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2015] 7 S.C.R.


A the charges against the appellants beyond reasonable doubt
  was correct.

        Allowing the appeals, the Court

B       HELD: 1. The trial court appraised the version given
   by the two witnesses but came to the conclusion that
   the same was unreliable. The trial court gave more than
   one reason for its view. In the first place, the trial court
   found the conduct of PWs 1 and 4 who are closely related
c to the deceased unnatural. The trial court held that iftheir
   version that they were witnesses to the occurrence was
   correct, there was no reason why they would not
   intervene to rescue the deceased from the clutches of
   the assailants. More importantly, the trial court held that
D PW1, brother and PW4, mother of the deceased, instead
   of untying the deceasect.who was in a seriously injured
   condition, returned home even after the assailants had
  fled away from the spot. What is worse is that even after
   returning home PWs. 1 and 4 accompanied by PW-3 who
E is none other than the father of the deceased had gone
   back to the place of occurrence where they found the
  deceased in an injured condition with his hands tied
  behind his back, his leg broken/fractured and eyes
  burning with chilly powder, but made no effort to untie
F his hands or rush him to the hospital for treatment.
  Instead PW-3 father of the deceased went to lodge a
  report with the police leaving the injured in a hapless
  condition on the spot where he was lying only to wait till
  10.00 p.m. at night for the police to arrive. If the
G prosecution version is correct, it is only after instructions
  were given by the Sub-Inspector to PW-1 to untie the
  hands of the deceased that he does so. The injured was
  then put in the police Jeep for being taken to the hospital
H where he reached only after he had died. The trial court
  found the story, the sequence of events and the conduct
 ABDUL RAZAK & ORS. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA                    3
            REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS

of the prosecution witnesses who claim to be eye A
witnesses to the incident to be wholly unnatural and
unreliable. The trial court was perfectly justified in taking
that view. The High Court has made light of these aspects
and thereby fallen in an error. [Para 9] [7-A-H; 8-A]
                                                              B
     2. PW-19 admitted that the report received by him
about the incident was destroyed by him after the
fardbeyan of PW-1 was recorded on the spot. This
implies that the first version regarding the incident was
totally obliterated by the lrivestigating Officer and Exb. C
P-.1 recorded in its place. This implies that the earliest
version about the incident was destroyed by PW-19 and
a new story stated in the fardbeyan was tailored to suit
the prosecution version. This has the effect of completely
demolishing the prosecution case and rendering its D
version wholly unacceptable. The conclusion drawn by
the trial court that the prosecution had not proved the
charges against the appellants beyond reasonable
doubt, was correct. [Para 10] [8-G-H; 9-A-B, E]
                                                              E
     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal
Appeal No. 795 of 2015.

    From the Judgment and Order dated 19.11.2012 of the
High Court of Karnataka, Circuit Bench at Gulbarga in Criminal   F
Appeal No. 1926 of2007.
                            WITH ..;

Crl. A. No. 796 of 2015
                                                                 G
    H. Chandra Sekhar, Anwesha Saha, Sharanagouda Patil,
S-legal Associates for the Appellants.

    Anitha Shenoy, Ritwik Parekh for the Respondents.
                                                                 H
    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
 4          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [2015] 7 S.C.R.


A         T.5. THAKUR, J. 1.        Leave granted.

       2. These appeals by special leave call in question a
  judgment and order dated 191h November, 2012 passed by
  the High Court of Karnataka at Gulbarga whereby Criminal
B Appeal No.1926 of 2007 has been allowed, judgment and
  order of the Trial Court acquitting the appellants set aside, and
  the appellants convicted and sentenced to undergo rigorous
  imprisonment for a period of seven years under Section 304
  Part II read with Section 34 IPC. A fine of Rs.5,000/- each and
C a default sentence of imprisonment for a period one year has
  also been awarded to the appellant.

        3. The prosecution case in brief is that three years before
  the date of incident CW-11 Md. Shafi sold two acres of land to
D CW-2 Lingappa. The accused-appellants herein were upset
  by the said sale transaction and are alleged to be picking up
  quarrels with CW-2 besides causing obstruction in the free
  flow of water to the fields owned by the complainant from a
  distributory at Narayanapur. The appellants are alleged to be
E insisting that they will let water for irrigation flow only if the land
  purchased by the complainant was transferred in their favour.
  Lingappa was on that count coerced to sell the said two acres
  of land purchased from Mohd. Sahfi to accused-Abdul Razak.
  Despite this, however, the obstruction in the flow of water
F continued as the appellants started demanding money for
  letting the water flow. It was in the above background that on
  191h September, 2006 at about 7.30 p.m. the appellants are
  alleged to have caught hold of Lingappa's son Basavaraj-
  deceased while he was returning home, tied his hands behind
G his back splashed chilly powder on his face and assaulted
  him with a club of stones causing injuries on his head and other
  parts of body leading to his death. The incident is alleged to
  have been witnessed by Hanumantha (PW-1 ), brother of the
  deceased, and Mannamma (PW-4), mother of the deceas~d.
H In connection with the incident Crime No.168 of 2006 was
 ABDUL RAZAK & ORS. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA                   5
     REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS [T.S. THAKUR, J.]

registered at Hutti Police Station for an offence punishable A
under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC against the
appellants herein.

     4. A charge-sheet, after completion of investigation, was
filed against the appellants before the jurisdictional Court for B
their committal. The appellants pleaded not guilty before the
Additional Sessions Judge, Fast Track Court-II, Raichur, to
whom the case was made over for trial. At the trial the
prosecution examined as many as 22 witnesses besides
placing reliance upon several documents produced on its C
behalf.

    5. In their statements under Section 313 Cr.P.C., the
appellants denied the incriminating circumstances appearing .
against them, but led no evidence in their defence. The Trial o
Court on an appraisal of the prosecution evidence came to
the conclusion that the prosecution had failed to bring home
the guilt of the accused for the offences allegedly committed
by theni. Aggrieved by the order of acquittal the State preferred
an appeal before the High Court of Karnataka which was heard E
and allowed by a Division Bench of that Court holding the
appellants guilty of the offence punishable under Section 304
Part II read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentencing them to
undergo imprisonment for a period of seven years with fine
and default sentence mentioned above. The present appeal F
assails the correctness of the said order.

    6. We have heard learned counsel for the parties who have
taken us through the orders passed by the courts below.
                                                                G
     7. The prosecution case primarily rests on the depositions
of Haumantha (PW-1 ), brother of the deceased, who was also
the first informant and Mannamma (PW-4), mother of the
deceased both of whom claimed to be eye witnesses to the
occurrence.                                                     H
6          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (2015] 7 S.C.R.


A        8. In his deposition before the Trial Court PW-1 refers to
    the purchase of land and resultant enmity between the
    appellants and the complainant party. He also refers to the
    dispute regarding the irrigation channel and the civil litigation
    between the two sides before the Sindhanaur Court. According
B to the witness, on the fateful day the deceased-Basavaraj had
    gone to a restaurant (dhaba) owned by PW-6 Basappa. At
    about 6.00 p.m. he heard Basavaraj shouting for help
   whereupon he and his mother PW-4 rushed towards the land
   of one Swami from where they saw Pathe Sab (A-3) throwing
C chilly powder towards Basavaraj whose hands had been tied
   behind his back. He also saw A-3 assaulting deceased-
   Basavaraj on the head and A-2 and A-4 also doing so with a
   stick and stone. When he stepped forward to rescue Basavaraj,
   his mother-PW4 dissuaded him from doing so. The accused
0
   persons then left the spot whereafter the witness and his
   mother went near the injured but returned home. Sometime
   later they again went to the, field with PW3-Lingappa who too
   saw his son Basvaraj in an injured condition. PW-3 is then
E said to have gone to Gurgunta police post to inform the police
   aboutthe incident and returned at about 6.00 p.m. It was only
   at about 10.00 p.m. that a Sub Inspector from Hutti police
   station came to the spot in a Jeep. PW-1 Hanumantha
   presented to him a written complaint about the incident. He
F ·also narrated the incident to the police Sub Inspector which
   was reduced to writing by him and treated as the first
   information report marked as Ex. P-1 at the trial. The witness
   further states that it was the ASI of police who directed him to
   untie the ropes from the hands of deceased-Basavaraj which
G he accordingly did. Deceased-Basavaraj was then shifted in
   an injured condition to Government Hospital at Lingasugur.
   PWs. 1 and 3 also accompanied the injured, but the injured
   Basavaraj breathed his last on the way. The deposition of
   PW-4 mother of the deceased-Basavaraj is also on the same
H lines.
   ABDUL RAZAK & ORS. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA                          7
       REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS [T.S. THAKUR, J.]

        9. The Trial Court appraised the version given by the two        A
. witnesses but came to the conclusion that the same was
   unreliable. The Trial Court gave more than one reason for its
  view. In the first place, the Trial Court found the conduct of
  PWs 1 and 4 who are closely related to the deceased unnatural.
  The Trial Court held that if their version that they were witnesses    B
  to the occurrence was correct, there was no reason why they
  would not intervene to rescue the deceased from the clutches
  of the assailants. More importantly, the Trial Court held that
  PW1, brother and PW4, mother of the deceased, instead of
  untying the deceased who was in a seriously injured condition,         C
  returned home even after the assailants had fled away from
  the spot. What is worse is that even after returning home PWs.
  1 and 4 accompanied by PW-3 who is none other than .the
  father of the deceased had gone back to the place of
                                                                         0
  occurrence where they found the deceased in an injured
  condition with his hands tied behind his back, his leg broken/
  fractured and eyes burning with chilly powder, but made no
  effort to untie his hands or rush him to the hospital for treatment.
  Instead PW-3 father of the deceased went to lodge a report             E
  with the police leaving the injured in a hapless condition on the
  spot where he was lying only to wait till 10.00 p.m. at night for
  the police to arrive. If the prosecution version is correct, it is
  only after instructions were given by the Sub-Inspector to PW-
  1 to untie the hands of Basavaraj that he does so. The injured         F
  Basavaraj was then put in the police Jeep for being taken to
 the hospital where he reached only after he had died. The
  Trial Court found the story, the sequence of events and the
 conduct of the prosecution witnesses who claim to be eye
 witnesses to the incident to be wholly unnatural and unreliable.        G
  The Trial Court was, in our opinion perfectly justified in taking
 that view. The conduct of the prosecution witnesses does not
 inspire confidence not only because they did not intervene when
 Basavaraj was being assaulted but also because post the
 event, the witnesses did practically nothing to help the                H
8         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2015) 7 S.C.R.


A unfortunate soul, who was left to die with his hands tied for
  over 4 hours without any succor coming from any quarter. The
  High Court has made light of these aspects and thereby fallen
  in an error.

B         10. Although the accused have alleged that Hanumantha
    PW-1 who had a dispute over money and land with the
    deceased was actually responsible for causing the injuries
    sustained by him, yet even assuming that there was no such
    bad blood between the two brothers, both PW-1 and his mother
C   PW-4 would have in the ordinary course rushed to intervene to
    save the deceased from being belaboured. No such attempt
    was made by any one of them nor even by PW-5 who happens
    to be chance witness. So much so, they do not make any
    attempt to help the injured after the alleged assailants had fled
D   from the spot. It is most 'Jnnatural for PW-4 mother and PW-1
    brother of the deceased to return home leaving the injured in a
    hapless condition with his hands tied behind his back. Equally
    unnatural is the conduct of the father of the deceased who along
    with PW-1 and PW-4 came to the spot 1Mhere the deceased
E   was lying injured but did nothing to help him. lnstead;,PW-4
    the father of the deceased leaves the deceased in a critical
    condition to report the matter to the poliee. What makes tl)e-/ ·
    entire story unacceptable is that the mother PW-4)md the son
F   PW-1 wait till 10.00 p.m. when the police arrive to untie the
    hands of the deceased. That is not all. After the police arrived,
    PW-1 presents a written complaint about the incident. His
    statement (fardbeyan) is recorded by the Sub-Inspector in
    which Basavaraj is said to have died, meaning thereby that
G   Basavaraj was not alive when the police reached the spot.
    What is amazing is the admission made by PW-19 that the
    report received by him about the incident was destroyed by
    him after ttie fardbeyan of PW-1 was recorded on the spot.
    This implies that the first version regarding the incident was
H   totally obliterated by the Investigating Officer and Exb. P-1
   ABDUL RAZAK & ORS. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA                      9
       REP. BY SHO, HUTTI PS [T.S. THAKUR, J.]

   recorded in its place. It is difficult to appreciate how PW-19    A
   could have destroyed the original complaint given to him by
   Hanumantha PW-1. This implies that the earliest version about
   the incident was destroyed by PW-19 and a new story stated
   in the fardbeyan was tailored to suit the prosecution version.
  This has the effect of completely demolishing the prosecution      B
   case and rendering its version wholly unacceptable. The only
                                                        '' ~ '
   inference which can, in the circumstances, be drawn is that
   Basavaraj was done to death a:id his dead body left at the
   spot from where it was picked-up by the police after they
   arrived around 10.00 p.m. The complaint presented to Sub-         C
   Inspector perhaps did not say what the police intended to
   present as its case. The same was, therefore, destroyed and
   a new version brought in, according to which Basavaraj was
  shown to be alive when the police reached the spot. The fact
                                                                     0
  of the matter, however, appears to be that Basavaraj was dead
. when his brother, mother and father discovered the body, for
  otherwise there was no question of the parents of the deceased
  and his brother leaving him alone in the condition, which they
  are alleged to have done. The conclusion drawn by the Trial        E
  Courtthatthe prosecution had not proved the charges against
  the appellants beyond reasonable doubt, was, in our opinion,
  correct, no matter the judgment and order is not as happily
  worded as it ought to be, especially coming from a senior
  judicial officer of the level of Additional Sessions Judge.        F
  Inasmuch as the High Court has overlooked all these aspects,
  we are constrained to set aside the order passed by it and
  acquit the appellants of the charges framed against them. We,
  accordingly, allow this appeal, set aside the judgment and order
  passed by the High Court and acquit the appellants of the          G
  charges framed against them. The appellants shall be released
  from custody forthwith if not required in connection with any
  other case.
 Deviki: Gujral                                   Appeals allowed.   H
                                                     J