Indian Penal Code, 1860

The victim was allegedly raped and set on fire by the accused, Shailendra Kumar Rai, and later died of septicemia caused by the burn injuries. While on her way to death she gave a statement to police officer Lallan Prasad, which was read back to her, signed, and later treated as a dying declaration. The Sessions Court …

The Enforcement Directorate registered a case under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PML Act) against Padmanabhan Kishore for allegedly handing over Rs 50 lakh as a bribe to an Additional Commissioner of Income Tax. Kishore contended that the money remained "untainted" while in his possession and only beca…

The case arose from an India Today article titled “Mission Misconduct” that alleged sexual misconduct and other improprieties by an Indian Foreign Service officer. The officer, after disciplinary action, filed a criminal complaint against the magazine’s Editor‑in‑Chief (A‑1), the article’s author (A‑2) and several publ…

The appellant Kamil was convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. He contended that the charge under Section 302 was not formally framed, rendering the conviction invalid. The Supreme Court examined Section 464 of the CrPC, which states that a conviction is not void for omission or error in…

The appellant, Reena Hazarika, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly killing her husband, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the "last seen" theory. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had established a continuous chain of circumstances that left no reasonable hypothesis …

Six accused were convicted for murder and related offences; three (1,2,4) received death sentences while the other three (3,5,6) were sentenced to life imprisonment. The State appealed for enhancement of the sentences of 3,5,6, and the Supreme Court bench dismissed the appeals of 1,2,4 and imposed death on 3,5,6. Revie…

Jangir Singh shot dead his colleague Jaswant Singh after a 15‑minute altercation during which the deceased pointed a rifle at him. The trial court acquitted Singh on the ground of private defence, but the High Court convicted him under Section 302 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act. On appeal, the Supreme Court examine…

Hari Om was convicted under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the IPC for the dowry death of his wife, Poonam, who committed suicide within a month of marriage after persistent dowry demands. The High Court upheld his conviction and sentenced him to life imprisonment, while acquitting co‑accused. Hari Om appealed only agains…

The case concerns the murder of three members of the Singh family in Bhaismudi village, Chhattisgarh, by a group of accused who formed an unlawful assembly armed with lathis, battle‑axes, swords and rods. Two close relatives of the victims, Madhubala Bai (PW‑1) and Saraswati Bai (PW‑3), witnessed the killings and ident…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the acquittal of Balveer and Ram Niwas for rape (IPC 376(2)(g)) and murder (IPC 302 r/w 34). The sole eyewitness, Rajesh, was granted pardon under Section 306 CrPC and testified as an approver. The Supreme Court held that an approver need not incriminate himself or be privy to the crime;…

The appellant Rajeev Kumar was convicted for dowry death (s.304B IPC) after his wife Vandana gave two dying declarations alleging dowry harassment and set herself on fire. The Supreme Court examined whether the dying declarations were admissible despite the post‑mortem finding that her larynx and trachea were charred. …

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Harnek Singh by four of his brothers, who attacked him with gandasas and a dang, leading to his death. The appellant, Mithu Singh, challenged his conviction under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, arguing that his injuries were not fatal, that there was an unreasonabl…

The deceased, Prafulla Nayak, was collecting seedlings from a disputed plot of land when Sukumar Roy, his father, wife and sister‑in‑law entered the field armed with a lathi and a bhali. An altercation ensued and Sukumar struck the deceased on the abdomen with the bhali, causing a deep penetrating wound that led to his…

The case arose from allegations of irregularities in the grant of an advance licence for import of cotton fabrics, leading to a criminal complaint against a company, its directors and four public servants under the IPC, Prevention of Corruption Act and Customs Act. The company and its directors filed a declaration unde…

Jasbir Singh, a peon employed by Punjab & Sind Bank, was accused of embezzling Rs 25,000, forging a depositor's signature and tampering with bank records. He faced a criminal trial under IPC §§ 409 and 201 and was acquitted, and a civil recovery suit filed by the bank was also decided in his favour, the judgment attain…

Banshidhar, a Patwari, was suspended in 1976 on allegations of accepting illegal gratification and was convicted under Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act read with Section 161 of the IPC. He was dismissed in 1987 but later acquitted by the appellate court in 2001. By the time of his acquittal he had al…

The case concerns the murder of Thakkan Yadav on 16 June 1991, for which eight accused were convicted by a trial court under IPC sections 302 and 149, the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act. The Patna High Court acquitted all eight, relying on alleged procedural lapses such as the victim’s transport to a distant…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of seven accused whose convictions for offences under Sections 147, 148, 149 and 302 of the IPC were upheld by the Madhya Pradesh High Court. The Court clarified that a statement made by a deceased person before death can be treated as a dying declaration under Section 32 of the Ev…

The appellant Ganesh Lal was convicted for raping, murdering and stealing from an 11‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on a series of circumstantial facts: the recovery of the victim's silver ornaments (kuralias) and a blood‑stained axe at the accused's direction, possession of blood‑ and semen‑stained clothes hidd…

Three senior lecturers (Dr. Mahak Singh, Dr. S.P. Singh and Dr. Rajvir Singh) of a college affiliated to Meerut University contested who should be appointed Acting Principal after the principal’s vacancy in October 1993. All were senior lecturers drawing the same salary, but their dates of promotion to senior lecturer …

The case arose from a 1980 massacre in Paras Bigha, Bihar, where 13 people were killed and many injured. The appellants were convicted under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC for participation in an unlawful assembly. They challenged the conviction on several grounds, including that the FIR should have been based on an e…

The State of Tamil Nadu appealed the acquittal of nine accused, members of the LTTE, for alleged possession of explosives and conspiracy under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and the Explosive Substances Act. The trial court had excluded two typewritten confessional statements on the gro…

On 2 November 1990 the respondent struck the deceased on the head with a bamboo stick, causing severe skull fractures and brain injury. The deceased died eleven days later in hospital. The trial court convicted the respondent for murder under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced him to life imprisonment. …

Sukhdev Singh and his uncle Teja Singh were tried for the murder of Socha Singh under IPC sections 302 and 34. The trial court acquitted Teja Singh but convicted Sukhdev Singh, sentencing him to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Punjab & Haryana High Court re‑examined the evidence, held that the acquittal of Teja Singh…

The wife, Bhawna, filed a FIR in 2013 alleging dowry harassment by her mother‑in‑law and brothers‑in‑law under Section 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The accused filed petitions under Section 482 of the CrPC to quash the FIR, but the High Court dismissed them even after a charge‑sheet was f…

The appellant and the first respondent were partners in a firm and later fell into a dispute involving alleged forgery of partnership documents and non‑payment of dues, leading to an FIR under Sections 405, 420, 465, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The first respondent moved the Gujarat High Court under Section 482 CrPC to quash…

The petitioners, who were the actor, producer and director of the film "Oru Adaar Love", sought to quash FIR No.34 of 2018 filed under Section 295A IPC alleging that the picturisation of the song "Manikya Malaraya Poovi" offended Muslim sentiments. They argued that the song is a traditional Mappila folk song in the pub…

The Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner lodged a complaint under Section 228 of the Indian Penal Code alleging that the respondent, Suresh, assaulted the presiding officer during an adjudication proceeding under Section 7A of the Employees Provident Funds & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The magistrate convicted…

The appellant Kadamanian @ Manikandan and his co‑accused were charged under IPC sections 201, 302, 376 and 404 for the murder of M. Jayalakshmi, whose body was later recovered. The appellant made an extra‑judicial confession to the village administrative officer (PW‑12) detailing the crime and the removal of the victim…

The appellants, a husband‑wife duo, were searched under the Income Tax Act at their residences in Bhopal and Aurangabad. During the search they denied possessing a safe‑deposit locker, which was later discovered at Aurangabad, leading the Deputy Director of Income Tax (Investigation) Bhopal to lodge a complaint under C…

Mohd. Hussain @ Julfikar Ali was convicted and sentenced to death for planting a bomb on a public bus in 1997, causing four deaths and twenty‑four injuries. The trial court denied him the assistance of counsel, violating his right to legal aid and due process. The Delhi High Court upheld the conviction, but the Supreme…

The appellants, M.C. Gupta and Mohan Lal Gupta, were convicted for misappropriating company funds by issuing a bank draft in 1988, an offence that occurred before the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 came into force. An FIR was lodged in 1990 under the repealed Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, and the trial court …

The appellants, two sisters, were convicted of a series of kidnappings and murders of children between 1990 and 1996, based largely on the testimony of an approver who had been granted pardon under CrPC s.306. The trial court sentenced them to death under IPC s.302 read with s.120B, a sentence affirmed by the High Cour…

The case involves four accused who stopped the complainant and his son; one accused thrust a knife into the son, causing his death. The trial court convicted all four under Section 302/323 read with Section 34 of the IPC, and the High Court affirmed the conviction. Two of the accused (Surinder Singh and Raja Singh), wh…

The appellant Yakub Ismailbhai Patel was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of Nizamuddin. The prosecution relied primarily on the testimony of a single eye‑witness (PW‑2) who identified the accused, supported by a second witness (PW‑1), forensic evidence of a blood‑stained weapo…

The appellant, husband of a murder victim, challenged the Allahabad High Court's order granting bail to Respondent No.2, a life‑convicted prisoner who, while on bail pending appeal, allegedly murdered the appellant's wife. The High Court had granted bail despite Section 437(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, w…

The appellant, S. Nagalingam, was first married to Sivagami on 6 September 1970. While that marriage subsisted, he contracted a second marriage with Kasturi on 18 June 1984 in a temple in Tamil Nadu, where garlanding and tying of the thali were performed. The trial court acquitted him, holding that the essential "Sapta…

The appellants, Ravinder Kumar and Surinder Kumar, were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing broker Amar Kumar Gupta, concealing the body in a wooden parcel, and were sentenced to life imprisonment. They appealed, contending that the FIR was filed two days after the crime, that the rickshaw‑puller’s te…

The victim, a 14‑year‑old illiterate agricultural labourer, was gang‑raped by three accused. The trial court convicted them under IPC sections 376 and 114, but the Karnataka High Court acquitted them, holding that the victim's testimony was unreliable as it lacked medical corroboration. On appeal, the Supreme Court exa…

Mohd. Akhtar Hussain was first convicted under the Gold (Control) Act, 1968 for possession of 7,000 tolas of foreign‑marked gold and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment with a fine. While serving that sentence, he was later convicted under the Customs Act, 1962 for smuggling gold worth Rs.12.5 crore and exp…

The appellants, owners of a Bangalore property, entered into an Agreement to Sell (ATS) with the complainant, who later alleged they cheated him and filed a private complaint that led to an FIR charging them under multiple IPC sections. The High Court dismissed the appellants' petition to quash the FIR, but the Supreme…

The appellants, daughters‑in‑law of a deceased landowner, obtained a mutation order based on an unregistered will and later secured an ex‑parte injunction against the complainant who had purchased a share of the land from the testator's third son. The complainant subsequently filed a criminal complaint alleging conspir…

The appellants, Manchu Mohan Babu and his son, organized a rally and dharna on 22 March 2019 to protest the state government's refusal to reimburse student fees, despite a Model Code of Conduct prohibiting such gatherings without permission. The police registered FIR No.102 of 2019 alleging offences under IPC sections …

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that granted anticipatory bail to N. Sanjay, an IPS officer who was Additional Director General of Police, CID, and Director General of the State Disaster Response and Fire Services, alleging misappropriation of public funds through irregular tenders and c…

The original appellant, Khem Singh, had filed special leave petitions challenging the acquittal of three accused in a 1992 murder case. While the petitions were pending, Khem Singh died and his son, Raj Kumar, applied to set aside the abatement of the appeals and to be substituted as appellant. The Supreme Court examin…

The appellant Suresh alleged that his paternal uncle and the uncle's son, Respondent No.2, forcibly entered his house and the son shot his brother Rajesh, resulting in death. Respondent No.2 claimed juvenility, asserting he was 16 years old at the time, based on a school transfer certificate from the first school he at…

The appellant and co-accused were alleged to have attacked four youths with knives and lathis on a night in May 1994, leading to an FIR filed by the victims' father who was not an eye‑witness. The trial court acquitted all accused due to lack of clear evidence of who inflicted the stab injuries and the absence of a mot…

The appellant, Md Asfak Alam, was married to the respondent wife and faced an FIR under Sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. Anticipating arrest, he applied for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC; the application was initially dismissed, but the High Court lat…

The appellants, Chilakamarthi Venkateswarlu and others, were accused by a close relative (the de facto complainant) in a criminal complaint (PRC No.2 of 2018) for offences under IPC sections 307, 323, 427, 447 and 506(2) read with 34. The appellants claimed the complaint was a retaliatory false allegation arising from …

The appellant Durga Burman (Roy) was charged with the murder of Manorama Devi by strangulation and the theft of a wrist‑watch and cash, together with co‑accused Ranjit Roy. The trial court convicted both under IPC ss.302, 380 and 34; the High Court acquitted Ranjit Roy but upheld Durga Roy's conviction. On appeal, the …

A fire broke out at a consumer exhibition in Meerut on 10 April 2006, killing 64 people and injuring more than a hundred. The victims filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution seeking damages from the State of Uttar Pradesh and the event organizers. The State had appointed a one‑man Commission of Inqui…

The deceased Bhimappa Biradar was attacked and murdered by a group of armed men who had a long-standing feud with his family. The trial court convicted three accused (A13, A14, A17) under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC and acquitted four others (A1, A15, A16, A21) who were alleged to have only dragged the victim…

The Madhavpura Mercantile Cooperative Bank uncovered a large‑scale fraud involving crores of rupees and filed a criminal complaint under several IPC sections against its chairman, managing director, other officers and businessmen, including J.P. Bhimani. The accused was denied bail by the Sessions Court but the Gujarat…

The NGO GURIA, SWAYAM SEVI SANSTHAN rescued over thirty girls from a red‑light area in Varanasi and filed a complaint, leading to charge‑sheets against 23 persons under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 and several IPC provisions. The accused applied for bail; the Sessions Judge rejected the applications, but …

The case involved the murder of Rangasamy, a Naidu community member who supplied electricity to the Adi Dravida community for a festival, leading to a violent retaliation by eight accused who formed an unlawful assembly and assaulted him with casuarina sticks, causing fatal head injuries. The trial court convicted five…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Bhawani, Hari Singh and others for murder, grievous hurt and unlawful assembly after they allegedly fired firearms into a village Nohara, killing two persons and injuring several others. The trial court convicted the accused based on the testimony of eleven eye‑witnesses, five of whom …

The appellant Dhananjay Shanker Shetty was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of Uday Patole. The prosecution relied on police constables who claimed to have seen the accused and his companions fleeing with weapons and on a telephonic message to the police station, but the accuse…

The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Sucha Singh and five co‑accused for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and for abetment of suicide under Section 201 IPC. The Court examined whether the relationship of prosecution witnesses to the deceased affected their credibility, and held that a familial re…

The appellant, Ramkat Ronald, was convicted under IPC sections 376 (rape) read with 511 (attempt to commit rape) and 302 (murder) based largely on a dying declaration allegedly made by the deceased, Betty, to her brother (PW‑5). The Supreme Court examined the reliability of that declaration, noting inconsistencies, lac…

The appellant Gopi Nath was convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the killing of Ram Chandra, who was attacked by three accused armed with weapons. The appellant argued that he only inflicted a simple injury and should be liable only under Section 324, not for murder. T…

Ram Deo Chauhan (alias Raj Nath Chauhan) was convicted of the pre‑planned, cold‑blooded murder of four members of a family, including a two‑year‑old child and two women, and of causing injuries to two other persons. The trial and high courts relied on a chain of circumstantial evidence and a confessional statement to u…

Satish Mehra appealed against the Delhi Sessions Court’s decision to frame charges under IPC sections 354 and 376 read with 511 for alleged incestuous sexual abuse of his daughter Nikita. The allegations originated from a complaint filed by his estranged wife Anita Mehra, who had previously made a false accusation in t…

The appellant, a Municipal Councillor, was convicted under Section 161 of the Indian Penal Code and Sections 5(1)(d) and 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. He appealed, contending that a Municipal Councillor is not a "public servant" within the meaning of Section 21 of the IPC and therefore cannot be prosecuted …

The appellants, five men including Manik Das, were convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for assaulting Anil Das with spears, which led to his death. The prosecution relied on eye‑witness statements and a post‑mortem report that matched the witnesses' accounts, naming all five accused. The appellants conte…

Satbir Singh, an army serviceman, was stabbed and assaulted by Mukesh and several others during a volleyball match dispute. He filed an application under Section 319 of the CrPC to summon Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj, Sagar @ Bittoo and Ankit as additional accused. The Sessions Judge allowed the application, but the High Court…

The appellants, Vineet Kumar and others, had loaned money to the complainant’s family and later filed complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for dishonoured cheques. The complainant subsequently alleged that the appellants had raped her and filed an application under Section 156(3) CrPC, leading…

Balbir Kaur died from severe burns allegedly after her mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law demanded additional dowry. Two dying declarations were recorded by an ASI and a magistrate, but the trial court rejected them as unreliable because the victim had 100% burn injuries. The High Court, relying on the victim's father's s…

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Preetam and four others with murder, assault and rioting under Sections 302, 149, 307 and 323 of the Indian Penal Code for the killing of Guiab and Chhatrapal. The trial court convicted them, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them on the ground of self‑defence, finding serious in…

The appellant, convicted in a TADA case based on a confession recorded by a police officer, was later charged in a separate proceeding for offences under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Arms Act. The prosecution sought to introduce the earlier TADA confession as evidence in the IPC trial, but the trial court and th…

The case concerned two writ petitions challenging the termination of a disabled employee by a private limited company and the termination of a contract with a public trust. Both petitioners sought relief under section 47 of the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation)…

Onkar Lal, the uncle of the deceased Ramchandra Patidar, was charged with murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing the victim with a sword during a card game on a moonlit night. The FIR was lodged within an hour of the incident by a person with no animosity towards the accused, and the weapon was later recovered from …

On Diwali night the deceased Ramesh was playing cards when appellant Pappu @ Hari Om and co-accused Bal Kishan arrived, quarrelled and later the appellant fired a 12‑bore gun, striking the deceased on the right shoulder/chest. The victim died in hospital. The trial court convicted the appellant under Section 302 IPC (m…

Balkar Singh was convicted by the trial court and affirmed by the High Court for the murder of two persons and attempted murder of a third under Section 302 and 307 IPC, based on the testimony of an injured witness and two eye‑witnesses. The appellant contended that the facts did not satisfy the statutory requirements …

The appellants, the husband and in‑laws of a married woman who committed suicide, were charged under Sections 306 and 498A IPC for alleged dowry harassment. The trial court acquitted them, holding that the complainant‑investigating officer’s involvement did not taint the prosecution and that the evidence was insufficie…

The appellants, Hanumanthappa Bhimappa Dalavai and another, were convicted for murder and grievous hurt after a violent altercation in which they used a crow‑bar, stick and iron rod, resulting in two deaths. They appealed, claiming the right of private defence under Sections 96, 97 and 100 of the IPC. The Supreme Court…

The appellant, Pardeep Kumar, was convicted of dowry harassment (s.498A IPC), dowry death (s.3048 IPC) and murder (s.302 IPC) after his wife died from burns allegedly caused by a gas cylinder. The trial and High Courts upheld all three convictions, sentencing him to life imprisonment for murder and ten years for dowry …

Krishna Ghosh was convicted under Sections 498‑A (cruelty) and 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of his wife Yogmaya, who was found dead in their matrimonial home within one year and four months of marriage. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: multiple witnesses saw the bod…

The case involved Sadhu Singh and two accomplices who were convicted for the murder of Jagdev Singh after Sadhu Singh fired a shot while confronting the deceased on a tractor. The accused claimed the shooting was in exercise of the right of private defence under Sections 96‑106 of the IPC. The Supreme Court examined th…

The appellants purchased a plot of land through a General Power of Attorney (GPA) that was later cancelled, but the GPA holder concealed this and executed sale deeds in their favour. The complainant filed a suit and later a criminal complaint alleging conspiracy, cheating and criminal breach of trust, leading to charge…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Shyam Behari and another accused who had been convicted by a trial court under IPC sections 302/34 and 201/34 on the basis of circumstantial evidence. The High Court set aside the conviction, holding that the evidence regarding the accused being the last person seen …

The incident occurred on 23 October 1979, where the State alleged that the accused committed murder and related offences under Sections 302, 149, 323, 148 and 147 of the Indian Penal Code. The trial court convicted the accused, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them, citing several doubts about the prosecution's c…

The appellants were charged with murder under Sections 302, 148 and 149 of the IPC for allegedly assaulting Shrishail Shivappa Jagadale, resulting in his death with twenty injuries. The trial court acquitted them, relying on discrepancies between medical evidence on time of death and eyewitness accounts, and on the del…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of a preventive detention order issued under the Andhra Pradesh Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986 against several individuals described as "goondas". The High Court had quashed the order on the grounds that the cited incidents were stale, did not affect public order, a…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Badri Yadav, who had been convicted for murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34. Two key witnesses, PW‑8 (Mohd. Amin) and PW‑9 (Zakir Ali), originally testified as eye‑witnesses under s.164 CrPC and were cross‑examined as prosecution witnesses in 1990. In 1994 they fi…

The appellant Sandhya Jadha and co‑accused, who were tenants, assaulted their landlord when he came for rent and, during the ensuing quarrel, the appellant delivered a knife blow to the back of the landlord's nephew, who later died. They were convicted under Section 302 IPC (murder) and related offences. On appeal, the…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed the acquittal of two public servants who were members of a tender opening committee and were alleged to have demanded and accepted Rs 5,000 each as gratification for clearing a tender file. The complainant lodged a police complaint and was caught in a trap; the money was recovered. …

The three Verma brothers sold land to a cooperative society, received part payment, and later the society's cheques bounced. The society filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating and related offences, claiming the brothers concealed a pending partition suit. The brothers filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrP…

Ten persons were tried for forming an unlawful assembly and murdering Mahipal. The trial court convicted six, of whom the High Court upheld convictions of Suresh Singh and Mohinder Singh under s.302 IPC and of Chander Pal under s.304(1) IPC. The appellants argued that they acted in private defence as Mahipal was chasin…

The husband filed a petition for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty and desertion, alleging that his wife removed and threw her mangalsutra, preserved copies of letters she had written to him, and sought the intervention of the Women Protection Cell under IPC 498A. The trial court granted divorce on the basis of …

Mani Ram and his brother Hari Ram had a dispute with Hazur Singh. On the day of the incident Singh went to his field, ate a meal brought by his wife Surjeet Kaur and son Jaskaran, and was subsequently shot by Mani Ram with a licensed pistol; Hari Ram allegedly encouraged the act. The trial court acquitted both accused …

The State of Orissa prosecuted Dambru Naiko and another accused for kidnapping and gang rape of a village girl, Manguri Bhotruni, under IPC sections 366, 376 and 34. The victim identified the two respondents in an identification parade and medical examination showed injuries to her private parts, which the trial court …

The State of Tamil Nadu prosecuted accused Karuppusamy and Natarajan for the murder of Muthusamy and the attempted outraging of Anjali's modesty, alleging that the accused used aruvals to cut off the victim's head and assault the woman. Four eye‑witnesses, including a rustic woman (PW‑1) and a child (PW‑2), testified t…

The case arose from a violent incident during a wedding procession on 17 November 1972 in which Ramesh Chand was shot dead and several others injured. The accused—Kashmiri Lal, Madan Lal, Babu Ram, Jagdish Singh Bedi and Prem Pal—were convicted by a Sessions Court for conspiracy to murder, murder, attempt to murder and…

The Supreme Court examined the murder case of five persons and injuries to three others in Kaila village, where ten accused were tried under sections 302, 120B and 149 of the IPC. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses, a dying declaration of Sohan Singh, and firearms recovered from the accused, while the FIR fi…

The petitioner, an Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police, was accused of subjecting a theft suspect to severe flagellation in police custody, resulting in the suspect's death by asphyxiation. The trial court convicted the petitioner under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for murder and sentenced him to life imprisonmen…

The appellant, Karan Singh, was convicted under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the IPC for the alleged dowry death of his wife, Asha Rani, who committed suicide within two years of marriage. The prosecution's case relied on the testimonies of three witnesses, whose statements about dowry demands were found to contain sign…

The appellant, Kuldeep Singh, was charged under Sections 366, 376 and 506 IPC for alleged abduction and rape of his wife, Respondent No.3, after she filed a statement alleging forced marriage. The appellant contended that the marriage was solemnised voluntarily under Sikh rites and that, under Exception 2 to Section 37…

The appellant, Bharat Sher Singh Kalsia, purchased a portion of land from a Power of Attorney (PoA) holder who had been authorized by the landowners to manage, sell, and register their property. A FIR was lodged alleging criminal offences under Sections 409, 467, 468, 471 and 420 IPC, claiming the sale deed was fraudul…

The Union of India filed a miscellaneous application seeking clarification of the Supreme Court’s decision in Joseph Shine v. Union of India, which struck down Section 497 of the IPC, asking whether the judgment also affects the applicability of Sections 45, 63 of the Army Act, 1950 and analogous provisions in the Air …

On 7 March 2000 Vikas Kumar Singh was shot by Pappu Tiwari and subsequently stabbed by five others, resulting in his death. All six accused were convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 and, in Pappu Tiwari's case, also under Section 27 of the Arms Act. The appellants challenged the convictions on several grounds, inclu…

The appellants, the Managing Director and Director of SPML Infra Ltd, were charged under IPC sections 420 and 120B for allegedly supplying sub‑standard turbines for the Nurang Hydel Power Project of Arunachal Pradesh. The FIR was lodged in 2000, a chargesheet filed in 2004, but summons were only served in 2017. The Hig…

The case concerned the alleged murder of D2 and D1 in December 1990, for which eight accused were convicted under sections 120B, 302 and 34 of the IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence – a lorry purchase, broken glass, alleged iron‑rod attacks and a purported conspiracy at a hotel – but failed to prove…

The respondent applied for a constable position in the Odisha State Police, declaring that he was not involved in any criminal case. Verification later revealed his involvement in a case under multiple IPC sections, leading to his discharge and an Original Application (OA) before the Odisha Administrative Tribunal, whi…

The State of Madhya Pradesh filed a criminal appeal against Yogendra Singh Jadon and Harshvardhan Singh Jadon, alleging that they obtained cash credit facilities from District Cooperative Kendriya Bank through their father, the former President of the bank, without proper documentation, constituting fraud and conspirac…

In 1998 a complaint was lodged alleging that a group of accused assaulted the complainant, leading to charges under Sections 143, 147, 323 r/w 149, 325 IPC and Section 135 of the Bombay Police Act. The trial court acquitted all accused, and the State of Maharashtra applied for leave to appeal under Section 378(3) of th…

The appellants were convicted for a dowry death and related offences under the IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act. The High Court, noting certain procedural lapses, set aside the conviction and ordered a de novo retrial under Section 386(b)(i) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Supreme Court examined whether such la…

The appellant, Hiraman, was convicted of murdering his wife Chandrakala, who died from 91% burn injuries after allegedly being doused with kerosene. The conviction was based primarily on two dying declarations recorded at the hospital shortly after the incident. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that unc…

The appellant, Sandhya Manoj Wankhade, filed a complaint under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against her husband and his mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law. The trial court and the Nagpur Bench of the Bombay High Court deleted the mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law from the proceedings on the groun…

The complainant alleged that his son was murdered by the accused through a conspiracy, with the body allegedly cremated after a false death certificate. The police investigation culminated in a final report which the Chief Judicial Magistrate accepted, and later, on 12 April 2005, the magistrate took cognizance of the …

The Supreme Court reviewed the conviction of Sellappan for beating the deceased Periasamy, who later died from head injuries. The key issue was whether the injury satisfied the test for murder under Section 300(3) of the IPC – i.e., being sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death – or only "likely to c…

Idrish Daudbhai (appellant) was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for allegedly sharing a common intention with three co‑accused to murder Siddique Ahmed Patel and to cause hurt to Yusuf Adam Patel. The prosecution's case rested on the testimony of three eye‑witnesses and the FIR, alleging that the appellant stru…

The case arose from a shooting incident in which the complainant Amar Singh and his family were injured and his son Lakha Singh died. The trial court convicted Balwinder Singh and three others under Sections 302, 34 and 307 IPC based largely on the testimony of three injured eye‑witnesses and medical evidence. The Punj…

Bhagwan Swaroop was charged with murder, attempt to murder, trespass and a violation of the Arms Act after he fired his father's licensed gun during a dispute over land. The father, Ramswaroop, was being beaten with a lathi by the complainant Shahjor Singh when Bhagwan, fearing for his father's life, shot the deceased …

Surinder Pal Singh, a Deputy Superintendent of Police, was accused of misappropriating twenty gold bricks recovered during an investigation and was charged under several IPC sections, the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Treasure‑Trove Act. The investigation was carried out by an Inspector of the Crime Branch, whic…

The accused five men were convicted by the Sessions Court for murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and related offences after violently assaulting the deceased Balveer Singh, causing multiple injuries to vital organs and ultimately his death. The High Court reduced the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder un…

Mukarrab and Arshad were convicted for murder and related offences committed in 1994 and sentenced to life imprisonment. They later claimed they were juveniles at the time of the offence, invoking Section 7A of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, despite having raised the plea for the firs…

S. Samuthiram, a police officer of the Tamil Nadu Armed Reserve, was charged with eve‑teasing a married woman at a bus stand while intoxicated and with being absent from duty. A departmental inquiry found the charges proved and dismissed him from service. While his service appeal was pending, a criminal court acquitted…

A dacoity was committed in which ten accused stole gold, silver and cash. One of the accused, Shivaji Kale, stole four silver chips weighing one kilogram each and sold them to jeweller Pramod Bhanudas Soundankar, the appellant. The appellant was charged under Sections 411 and 412 of the Indian Penal Code for dishonestl…

The respondent filed a criminal complaint under IPC sections 193, 420 and 120‑B alleging that the appellants made false statements before the Rent Controller. The Rent Controller, a statutory quasi‑judicial body, had earlier disposed of a related application, holding the complaint pending. A Judicial Magistrate later i…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed a High Court order that reduced the ten‑year rigorous imprisonment awarded to Kedar Yadav for an offence under Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code to the period already served. The trial court had convicted Yadav for attempting to murder the complainant, Parvat Singh, who suffered …

On 6 July 1993, the deceased Keshrabai and her 15‑year‑old daughter Annuabai were attacked in their home. The appellant, Antar Singh, along with three others entered the house armed with deadly weapons while eight other persons surrounded the house. Badri assaulted the deceased, who suffered eight fatal injuries, inclu…

The accused Kishan was convicted of murder under Section 304 Part‑II of the IPC and sentenced to seven years’ rigorous imprisonment. He appealed to the Allahabad High Court, seeking a lenient sentence on the ground that the offence occurred in 1988, and the High Court reduced his term to the period already served, orde…

The appellants (Accused Nos. 1‑4 and 6) were convicted for murder, attempted murder and related offences after a group assault on a printing press and the deceased’s residence, resulting in the death of Ramanbhai Mohanbhai. The prosecution relied on a dying declaration, medical evidence, and testimonies of six eyewitne…

Padam Singh was convicted by a Sessions Court and upheld by a two‑judge High Court bench for murder and related offences under Sections 302, 307, 148, 452, 324 and 149 of the IPC, based largely on the testimony of four eyewitnesses who were hostile to the accused. The prosecution failed to explain how three members of …

The Special Court convicted Mukhtar Singh and several relatives under IPC sections 302 and 201 for the death of Pritam Kaur, relying mainly on the testimony of the deceased's cousin (PW‑3) and alleged extra‑judicial confessions. The Supreme Court examined the reliability of PW‑3, noting his failure to report the incide…

The accused five men were convicted for the murder of Amar Pal after the prosecution proved that they attacked him with knives, causing sixteen injuries and his death. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses – PW2, PW3 and Dr. Rajveer Singh (PW6) – whose statements were recorded three weeks and 56 days after the …

The petitioner, a project director, was charged under several IPC offences and the Prevention of Corruption Act. After the government sanctioned prosecution, a charge sheet was filed and the trial court took cognizance. In 2018 the petitioner filed a Section 482 CrPC petition challenging only the sanction order, which …

The appellant was convicted under Section 376 IPC for allegedly raping his sister‑in‑law’s younger daughter, who was claimed to be a minor at the time. The prosecution’s case rested on the prosecutrix’s delayed testimony, a school register indicating a birth date of 04‑04‑1987, and a medical report that recorded her ag…

The case arose from an armed assault on Birbal Nath's uncle and aunt in a Rajasthan field, resulting in the uncle's death and injuries to the aunt, an injured eye‑witness. The trial court convicted the six accused under Sections 302, 307 and related offences, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted them of the murder an…

Manish Sisodia, former Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi, appealed to the Supreme Court seeking bail in prosecutions under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, the Indian Penal Code and an enforcement case under the Prevention of Money‑Laundering Act, 2002. The Court examined the scope of bail under s.45 of the PMLA, h…

The State of Mizoram filed a case under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 alleging that Dr. C. Sangnghina had misappropriated public funds. The Special Court discharged him in 2013 because the prosecution sanction was issued by an authority not competent to grant it. The Governor later issued a valid sanction in D…

The State prosecuted Pankaj Chaudhary and three others for gang‑rape of a woman on 28 July 1997. The trial court convicted them under Section 376(2)(g) IPC based on the victim’s testimony, corroborated by her mother’s evidence, medical examination, and forensic DNA findings. The Delhi High Court set aside the convictio…

The murder of environmental activist Amit Jethwa, who had filed a PIL against illegal mining near Gir Forest, led to the arrest of Dinubhai Boghabhai Solanki and his nephew. After a lackluster police investigation, the case was transferred to the CBI, which filed a charge‑sheet. During trial, 105 of 195 witnesses turne…

B.D. Khunte, a jawan, was allegedly beaten and humiliated by his superior Sub Randhir Singh in a store room on 28 June 2006. Later that evening, while on guard duty, Khunte shot and killed Singh with his service rifle. He was tried by a Summary General Court Martial, convicted under Section 69 of the Army Act and Secti…

The appellants, college officials, were charged under Sections 406 and 1208 IPC for criminal breach of trust after allegedly withholding a bill amount of Rs 34,505 owed to a contractor. The contractor had pursued civil remedies, but the second respondent filed a criminal complaint alleging misappropriation of the funds…

The petitioner bought a vehicle on hire‑purchase and alleged that the financier forcibly repossessed it, filing a criminal complaint. The Judicial Magistrate ordered interim custody to the petitioner, but the High Court of Assam quashed the criminal proceedings. The Supreme Court examined whether a financier’s reposses…

The appellant, Ramachandran, was convicted of murdering his wife Remani by forcibly administering the pesticide Furadan and subsequently smothering her. The trial court, upheld by the Kerala High Court, relied on testimonies of family members and a neighbour indicating daily physical abuse, a motive stemming from alleg…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of a lorry driver and cleaner based solely on circumstantial evidence, including their alleged involvement in a road accident, medical treatment for injuries, recovery of a wrist‑watch belonging to the deceased, fertilizer bags and a blood‑stained wooden weapon, and their fa…

Special Courts were created under the Essential Commodities (Special Provisions) Act, 1981 to try offences under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, and later were also empowered to try NDPS offences. The EC (Special Provisions) Act lapsed in 1998, causing those courts to lose jurisdiction over EC cases, although they…

The appellant, Thanedar Singh, was convicted for murder by the Madhya Pradesh High Court after the trial court had acquitted him. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court erred in overturning the acquittal, focusing on the credibility of the eye‑witness (the victim's father), the correctness and timing of the …

Khilli Ram, a Head Constable, was convicted under IPC s.161 and the Prevention of Corruption Act (sections 5(1)(d) and 5(2)) for allegedly accepting a bribe in a police‑trap. The prosecution relied on a decoy witness, two panch witnesses and several police officers, but many of these witnesses turned hostile or gave st…

The State prosecuted four appellants for the murder of a 72‑year‑old man in Ulsoor, alleging they confessed to the crime while in police custody and led investigators to a knife and stolen gold. The trial court and the Karnataka High Court convicted them under IPC s.302 r.w. s.34 and sentenced them to life imprisonment…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court's order granting bail to respondent No.2, who is charged with murder (IPC s.302) and criminal conspiracy (IPC s.120B). The Supreme Court observed that the High Court failed to consider the gravity of the offences, the charge‑sheet details, the earlier…

The appellant was charged in a FIR for the murder of two sons of the complainant, along with several other offences. Although not named in the FIR, his involvement emerged during investigation and he was later added to the charge‑sheet under Section 161 of the CrPC. The trial court denied bail, but the Allahabad High C…

The State of Assam prosecuted Subed Ali and others for the murder of two men who were returning from a market on bicycles. The accused were alleged to have intercepted, assaulted, and killed the victims; one died on the spot and the other later in hospital. Five persons were originally charged, but two were acquitted o…

The petitioners, Satish and Vikky, were convicted of kidnapping for ransom and sentenced to life imprisonment. They applied for premature release on probation under Section 2 of the Uttar Pradesh Prisoners Release on Probation Act, 1938, but the State repeatedly rejected their pleas without applying the statutory three…

Ganga Bai was tried and convicted for the murder of her daughter‑in‑law and two children under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and for destroying evidence under s.201, along with co‑accused Udai Lal and Daulat Ram. The trial court and the Rajasthan High Court upheld her conviction while acquitting the co‑accused. She appealed…

The appellant was kidnapped, as alleged in FIR No.115 of 2009 under IPC s.365, and the police investigated, recording statements under s.161 and s.164 CrPC. The charge‑sheet filed later named only two private respondents for offences under IPC s.323, s.343 read with s.34, omitting the kidnapping charge. The two accused…

The appellant Gudda (also known as Dwarikendra) was convicted of murdering three persons – a man, his pregnant wife and their five‑year‑old son – after inviting them to his rented house for lunch. The prosecution proved that the killings were pre‑planned and motivated by the appellant's suspicion about his wife's relat…

Sham @ Kishor Bhaskarrao Matkari was convicted for murdering his brother Manohar, sister‑in‑law Meena and nephew Akhilesh, and for attempting to murder two other children, arising from a land‑dispute quarrel. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment and seven years rigorous imprisonment, but the High Court en…

The Supreme Court examined whether offences under the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the Customs Act, 1962 are non‑cognizable and, if so, whether they are bailable. It held that Section 9A of the Excise Act and Section 104(4) of the Customs Act expressly deem the offences non‑cognizable, and that the statutes themselves,…

The case involved the death of Biswajit, alleged to be a murder committed by his wife Sonali Mukherjee (A‑1) and her alleged lover Assadid Poddar (A‑2) through gardenal poisoning. The trial court convicted both under s.302 IPC; the Madras High Court acquitted A‑2 and reduced A‑1's conviction to s.304(Part I) IPC. On ap…

The appellants were convicted under IPC s.307 for a violent assault on two witnesses, after the trial court had acquitted them. The State appealed the acquittal under CrPC s.378, and the Madras High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the trial court's reasons untenable. The appellants contended that an appellate co…

The State of Bihar prosecuted three accused—Amit Das, Sidharth and Rohan Prakash—for the murder of a student named Abhishek, alleging a conspiracy in which Amit Das shot the victim with a country‑made pistol supplied by Sidharth. Amit Das made a detailed confession before a Judicial Magistrate (recorded under Section 1…

Vishwa Mitter, a dealer and constituted attorney of the owners of a registered trademark for beedies, filed a criminal complaint before a Sub‑Divisional Magistrate alleging offences under Sections 78 and 79 of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 and Section 420 of the IPC against several respondents. The magistra…

The appellants were convicted under IPC sections 323, 324 and 325 read with section 34 for an assault incident that occurred between close relatives. They later executed a compromise deed on 29 January 2024, seeking the Court’s permission to compound the offences. The Supreme Court examined whether the conviction for t…

The appellants Dibakar and Babul were convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's parents, who claimed to have witnessed the assault. The trial and High Courts accepted this testimony despite inconsistencies, such as the parents allegedly returning home, …

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the acquittal of three accused in a murder case where the victim, Shabu, was shot dead and his brother Riyazuddin injured. The trial court had convicted the accused under IPC s.302 read with s.34 based on the testimony of Imamuddin, a lawyer and brother of the victim, who cla…

The petitioner, Ashiq Hussain Faktoo, was convicted by the Supreme Court in 2003 under TADA and the IPC for murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. Review and curative petitions filed earlier were dismissed. He subsequently filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking release on the ground of the doctrine of ex de…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of thirty‑one accused arising from a "Rasta Roko" agitation during which a university bus carrying 47 female students was set ablaze, killing three girls and injuring many others. The Court upheld the death sentences of the three principal accused (Nedu, Madhu and Muniappan) f…

The deceased Dwarkabai disappeared while working in her field and her body was found days later. The appellant, Harishchandraladakuthange, had a prior dispute with her and was alleged to have threatened her. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including a claim that the accused and the deceased were last…

R. Balakrishna Pillai, a former Kerala minister, was convicted under Sections 5(1)(d) and 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for abusing his office to supply electricity to a private firm in Karnataka. He filed a criminal appeal before the Kerala High Court and subsequently moved a transfer petition in the …

The wife filed a complaint under Section 494 of the Indian Penal Code alleging bigamy by her husband, who claimed he had married a second time after ten years of desertion. The trial magistrate acquitted the husband, finding no evidence that a second Hindu marriage had been solemnized according to the tests laid down i…

The deceased Roshani was married in 1985 and, five to six months later, her husband, mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law allegedly demanded additional dowry items such as a television, fan and buffalo. The mother‑in‑law allegedly inflicted a wound with a sickle; the deceased later ingested naphthalene balls and died of poi…

L.V. Jadhav, the father of the bride, complained that during his daughter's marriage the groom's father and son demanded Rs. 50,000 as dowry, threatening to halt the ceremonies. The Judicial Magistrate issued summonses, but the Bombay High Court quashed the proceedings, holding that no offence under Section 4 of the Do…

The respondents were convicted under the NDPS Act for transporting 750 kg of poppy husk after a seizure in 2009. They appealed their convictions, and the High Court acquitted them, relying solely on the principle from Mohan Lal v. State of Punjab that an informant cannot also be the investigator. The State of Punjab ch…

The marriage between Madduri Venkateswara Rao and Madduri Sunanda was dissolved by a California divorce decree in 2007. After returning to India, Sunanda filed a matrimonial suit, a domestic violence case, and an FIR under sections 494 and 498A IPC against her husband and his relatives. The parties later resolved all d…

The case arose from a quarrel in which accused No.1 (Devraj) fired a pistol at PW‑6, inflicting a chest wound capable of causing death, and also shot PW‑7 in the knee, while accused Nos.2 and 3 assaulted the victims with sticks and fists. The trial court convicted all three under Section 307 IPC read with Section 34 an…

The victim Sushila's charred remains were recovered from a burning 'Bitora' in Village Kailash and DNA testing identified her. The prosecution alleged that the appellant Sunita, a cousin of the victim's husband, was the last person seen with the victim and her children, citing hostile witnesses who claimed to have seen…

The accused fired multiple gunshots at complainants, causing lacerated wounds that did not involve vital organs. They were convicted under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentenced to three years' rigorous imprisonment by the trial court. The High Court reduced the sentence to the time already served, h…

SEPCO filed a criminal complaint alleging that SSVG misappropriated advance money, invoking sections of the IPC for fraud and cheating. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, Korba, after a bare reading of the complaint, exercised his power under CrPC s.156(3) to order the police to register an FIR and investigate, without fir…

The petitioners, convicted under Section 326 of the Indian Penal Code for voluntarily causing grievous hurt, sought relief on the ground that they had reached an amicable settlement with the victims. The Court examined whether such a settlement could lead to their acquittal despite the offence being non‑compoundable un…

The appellant, Arul Raja, was accused of murdering Aladi Aruna and of conspiring with co‑accused to commit the crime. The High Court convicted him on the basis of a post‑arrest statement by co‑accused A1, treating it as a dying declaration and a confession, and on alleged motive stemming from a rivalry over college aff…

Mohammad Yasin appealed against the Delhi High Court order that dismissed his petition seeking a CBI investigation and a FIR under s.302 IPC into the death of his brother Yunus (alias Anees) while in police custody. Yunus, a proclaimed offender with a history of multiple criminal cases, was arrested on 4 August 1999, s…

Ghurey Lal was tried for murder under IPC s.302 and related offences. The trial court acquitted him, finding that the prosecution's version of a single shot causing both a bullet wound to the deceased and pellet injuries to a witness was implausible, based on medical and ballistic expert testimony that two different fi…

The case arose from a violent incident on Holi in 1993 where Satya Narain Singh and his son Ambika Singh, along with several others, threw stones at a house and Ambika Singh fired a gun, killing one person and injuring others. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 148, 149 of the Indian Penal Code a…

Sixteen accused attacked the deceased with weapons, leading to his death. The trial court convicted all under sections 147, 148, 149, 302 and related provisions, and the High Court upheld convictions of some while acquitting others. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the relatives of the deceased, who were k…

The accused Subash Chandra Panda, Kunja Ramana, Narayan Mazumdar and Kalpana Mazumdar were convicted for kidnapping and murdering a four‑year‑old boy allegedly as a human sacrifice. The prosecution’s case rested mainly on the testimony of PW‑14, an employee of Panda, who claimed to have witnessed the entire crime, and …

The appellant, Sm. Bhatori, executed a general power of attorney in favour of respondent‑2, granting him authority to manage her agricultural land, including alienation. Respondent‑2 used this authority to file a suit against the appellant and subsequently executed sale deeds transferring the same land to his wife, Ram…

The appellant, Mohan Singh, was accused of causing the disappearance of evidence under Section 201 of the Indian Penal Code after a murder was committed on 4 March 1978. The prosecution alleged that his car, used to transport the victim's body, was washed on 8 March 1978, and on that basis the Sessions Judge framed a c…

Surendran, a bus driver, caused a road accident on 16 February 1995 and was charged under Sections 279, 337 and 338 of the Indian Penal Code. The trial magistrate convicted him and sentenced him to six months' imprisonment and a fine of Rs.500, with a default month’s imprisonment for the fine under Section 337. The con…

The Supreme Court examined a claim for compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 after Satpal Singh, a Qatari resident, died in a road accident in India in 1998, leaving his widow Satinder Kaur and three minor children as dependants. The Court held that the deceased's income should be calculated from his 1984 emp…

The appellant, Santosh Bakshi, filed a complaint under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against her in‑laws alleging dowry harassment. After a compromise was reached, her brother‑in‑law filed an affidavit claiming the complaint was false and sought action under Section 182 of the Indian Penal Co…

The accused, Nirala Yadav, was arrested for offences under the IPC, Arms Act and POTA. After the statutory 90‑day period for filing a charge‑sheet elapsed without a charge‑sheet or an extension application, he filed an application under s.167(2) CrPC for bail. The CBI then filed an application for a 30‑day extension, a…

The husband, Dr. B.V. Ravi, filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(ib) of the Hindu Marriage Act alleging desertion, and also sought restitution of conjugal rights. The Family Court found no proof of desertion and granted restitution, but the wife, Dr. Malathi Ravi, later lodged FIRs against the husband, lead…

The father of the complainant filed a murder complaint against five persons, including Bal Manohar Jalan, who was listed as accused No.4 in the FIR. The investigating magistrate later took cognizance only against accused No.1 and discharged the remaining accused, also rejecting the complainant's protest‑cum‑complaint p…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the acquittal of Thakur Singh, who was convicted by a trial court for murdering his wife Dhapu Kunwar inside a locked room. The prosecution proved that the wife died of asphyxia and that Singh had confined himself, his wife and child in the room, which was later forced open. The High Cou…

The appellant was convicted of murder (IPC s.302), misappropriation of property (IPC s.404), and unlawful possession and use of a firearm (Arms Act s.3, s.5) based largely on circumstantial evidence, including the last‑seen theory, forensic ballistics, and his subsequent abscondence. The Supreme Court examined whether …

The appellants, including the deceased's wife, were charged under Section 306 IPC for abetment of suicide after the husband Dinesh died by suicide on 09‑12‑2013. The prosecution relied on a torn diary page alleged to be a suicide note claiming continuous harassment by the accused from 10‑11‑2013 onward. The Supreme Cou…

The appellant Raju was convicted of kidnapping, gang rape and wrongful confinement under IPC sections 366, 376(2)(g) and 342, and of an offence under the SC/ST Act 3(2)(v). The prosecution relied primarily on the uncorroborated but consistent testimony of the prosecutrix, who described being abducted, gagged, and sexua…

The appellants, members of the family of Nayan Chopra, were summoned under IPC sections 323, 504, 506 and 498A, and the Dowry Prohibition Act, after a complaint was filed by the victim's father following a divorce proceeding in the United States. The Allahabad High Court refused to quash the complaint under Section 482…

The appellant, a manager in Bank of Baroda, was charged with forgery and related offences for opening a fictitious savings account to encash a refund cheque. He filed an application under Section 197 of the CrPC seeking discharge on the ground that prosecution sanction was required, arguing that he was a public servant…

The appellants, a police driver and a singer, were convicted of gang rape of a 16‑year‑old girl and of criminal conspiracy under Sections 376(2)(g) and 120‑B IPC, receiving fifteen years and ten years rigorous imprisonment respectively, to run concurrently. They challenged the conviction on the ground that no charge wa…

The deceased, Lalita Bai, was burned to death after her sister‑in‑law, Kalabai, threw a burning kerosene stove at her during a domestic quarrel. The trial court convicted Kalabai of murder under Section 302 IPC based on the victim’s dying declaration, imposing life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court was asked t…

Deepak Khichi, a trader of explosive and inflammable substances, was implicated in a fire that killed 14 people and injured many others. The Sessions Court initially discharged him of charges under the Explosive Substances Act (ESA) on the ground that no sanction under Section 7 of the Act had been produced. The Distri…

The case arose from a labour dispute at BPL Engineering Ltd., where a bus carrying loyal employees was attacked, set on fire and several persons were injured and two women died. A charge sheet was filed against 49 accused; the trial court convicted seven of them. The High Court upheld those convictions and additionally…

The case involved six accused who were charged with dacoity, murder and gang rape of a minor girl and her family members. The trial court convicted all of them under Sections 302, 376(2)(g), 307, 34, 397, 395 and 396 of the IPC and sentenced each to death; the High Court confirmed death for three and reduced the senten…

E. Satyanarayana was charged with murdering his wife and minor son. The trial court convicted him on the basis of an alleged extra‑judicial confession made to the Village Administrative Officer and the recovery of a blood‑stained sickle, sentencing him to life imprisonment. The Andhra Pradesh High Court acquitted him, …

The appellants, Ranbir Singh and others, were convicted under sections 148, 302, 324, 323 read with s.34 IPC for the death of Balwan and injuries to three others, pleading self‑defence. The Supreme Court examined whether the death occurred in the exercise of the right of private defence and whether the accused exceeded…