Indian Penal Code, 1860

The Supreme Court examined a complaint alleging offences under Sections 323, 380 and 506 read with Section 34 IPC, where the accused resided outside the territorial jurisdiction of the Judicial Magistrate who had examined the complainant and two witnesses under Section 200 CrPC before issuing summons. The appellants co…

Homi Rajvansh, an executive director of NAFED, was charged along with the managing director, Alok Ranjan, for alleged misappropriation of funds in non‑agricultural tie‑ups. The CBI filed a charge‑sheet under IPC sections 120B, 409, 411, 420, 467, 468 and 471. Alok Ranjan filed a writ petition under Section 482 of the C…

Mahipal Singh was accused of rigging entrance examinations for medical and veterinary courses and was charged under several IPC provisions. The CBI invoked Section 3 of the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA) against him in four cases, leading to his remand under MCOCA. The Delhi High Court set aside the…

The appellant, Mangat Ram, was convicted under Sections 498A and 306 of the IPC for allegedly subjecting his wife to cruelty and abetting her suicide after she died from burn injuries at their matrimonial home. The trial and High Courts held that the husband’s failure to keep his wife with him at his posting and allege…

The appellants, a husband and wife, were charged in two FIRs (2010 and 2011) for offences under the IPC and the IT Act. They contended that the second FIR was based on a complaint under Section 156(3) of the CrPC that was not accompanied by an affidavit, thereby violating the Supreme Court’s direction in Priyanka Sriva…

The State of Chhattisgarh appealed against the High Court’s order that acquitted accused Ashok Bhoi and upheld the acquittal of co‑accused Vikash Khubwani in a murder‑related case. The prosecution’s case was based solely on circumstantial evidence, notably the testimony of a witness who saw the deceased with Ashok Bhoi…

The appellant accused were convicted for kidnapping and gang‑rape of a village girl who was under 17 years of age at the time of the offences. The trial court and the High Court held that the victim was a minor, that she was held captive for two months, and that her testimony was reliable despite the absence of physica…

The appellant Gauri Mahto was convicted under Section 364A of the IPC for kidnapping a child and demanding ransom. The prosecution’s case relied on the confessional statement of a co‑accused, the testimony of the investigating officer, and the recovery of the child from a house alleged to belong to the appellant, while…

The State of Gujarat appealed the acquittal of Anwar Osman Sumbhaniya and others by a Designated Court under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeal centered on whether the prior sanctions issued under Section 20‑A(2) of TADA for the 1993 and 2005 prosecutions were valid. The S…

The deceased Shilpa alleged that her sister‑in‑law Chanchal/Babita set her on fire and, in a dying declaration, named only her sister‑in‑law. The FIR initially listed nine persons, including the appellants, for offences under Sections 302 IPC, 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the charge‑sheet named only Chan…

The appellant, a young man, trespassed into the victim's house and poured acid on her head after his marriage proposal was rejected, causing grievous hurt. He was convicted under Sections 326 and 448 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced by the trial court to one year of rigorous imprisonment with fines. The High Cour…

The appellant, State of Himachal Pradesh, appealed against the High Court's order that substituted the imprisonment of the accused, Ram Pal, with a fine of Rs 40,000 for causing the death of a 20‑year‑old girl by rash and negligent driving. The Supreme Court examined whether the fine was adequate and whether compensati…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 498A and 3048 of the IPC for the death of the appellant's wife, who died from severe burns allegedly after a dowry demand. The prosecution proved, on a pre‑ponderance of probability, that the death occurred within seven years of marriage, was unnatural, and was linked to rec…

The appellant was charged with murder, attempt to murder and rape under Sections 302, 201 and 376 of the IPC. He claimed to be a juvenile, producing a school certificate that stated his date of birth as 15‑01‑1991, which would make him 15 years old at the time of the alleged crime (16‑11‑2006). The trial court deemed t…

The appellant Basappa was charged under IPC sections 279 and 304A and the Motor Vehicles Act for a tractor accident that killed a two‑year‑old child. The trial magistrate acquitted him, finding no cogent evidence that he was the driver at the time of the accident. The State appealed under Cr.P.C. s.378; the High Court …

The appellants were convicted for the murders of nine persons in a scheme that promised to "multiply" cash money, known as the "money shower" scam. The prosecution proved the deaths were homicidal and identified the victims through forensic, DNA, super‑imposition and material evidence, establishing the accused’s partic…

The appellants, managers of INSCOL Multispecialty Hospital, were charged with medical negligence, cheating, forgery and other offences after the complainant alleged that his wife died due to wrong treatment at the hospital. The Punjab & Haryana High Court single judge framed the issue on the premise that the patient di…

The petition arose from the kidnapping of a six‑year‑old girl, Lalita Kumari, whose father reported the incident to the police but the FIR was registered only after a month and no investigative action was taken. The petitioner sought a writ of habeas corpus, contending that the police had a statutory duty under Section…

The case arose from an incident on 15 November 2004 where a Head Constable Jagdish Singh fired at a car suspected of smuggling liquor, killing the passenger. The trial court acquitted three constables – Surendra Singh, Surat Singh and Ashad Singh – on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove they shared a common…

The appellant, a school teacher, was convicted under Section 376 of the IPC for raping a 15‑year‑old girl. The FIR was lodged three days after the alleged incident, and the medical examination, conducted after three days, did not conclusively prove rape, though it noted a minor finger injury and a missing hymen. The ap…

The case arose from a dispute over school land in Punjab where the village sarpanch, Jaswant Singh, was shot dead. The FIR described the killers as two Sikh youths aged 25‑30 wearing kurta pajamas, but no names were given. The two accused, Sukhbir Singh and Dilbagh Singh, were arrested six months later and identified f…

P. Vijayan, a retired IPS officer aged about 85, was charge‑sheeted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the alleged killing of a Naxalite in a 1970 encounter that was later claimed to be fake. The CBI investigation relied on an extra‑judicial confession by a constable and several statements. Vijayan filed a discharge pet…

Four persons, including Jugraj Singh, were accused of murdering former MLA Bachhitter Singh in December 1996. The trial court convicted all under Sections 302, 34 and related provisions, but the High Court acquitted three co‑accused while upholding Jugraj's conviction, relying on the recovery of a .12‑bore gun and fore…

The appellant, a District Town Planner (Enforcement), ordered the demolition of unauthorized construction at Anupama College after a show‑cause notice and a restoration order under the Punjab Scheduled Roads and Controlled Areas Restriction of Unregulated Development Act, 1963. The college’s chairman filed a private cr…

The appellant, a self‑described social worker, was accused by a woman of having a decade‑long sexual relationship with her based on false promises of marriage, leading to an FIR under Sections 376, 420, 504 and 506 IPC. The appellant sought to quash the FIR under Section 482 CrPC, arguing that the relationship was cons…

The case involved the brutal honour killing of a Jat girl, a Jatav boy and another Jatav youth who were tortured for twelve hours and murdered by a large group of villagers after the couple attempted an inter‑caste marriage. The trial court convicted 35 persons under IPC sections 147, 149, 302, 323, 324, 201 and s.3(3)…

Head Constable Surinder Singh entered the complainant's residential office while intoxicated, drew his service pistol, aimed it at the complainant and fired a shot that struck the ceiling. The prosecution proved the bullet was fired from his pistol and that he intended to kill, despite no motive being established. The …

Skoda Auto Volkswagen India Private Ltd sought to quash an FIR registered under Sections 34, 471, 468, 467, 420, 419 and 406 IPC for alleged installation of defeat devices in its vehicles. The High Court refused to quash the FIR, granting only protection against arrest. The petitioner argued that the police could not i…

Gurjit Singh was convicted under Section 498-A IPC for dowry-related cruelty after his wife, Jaswinder Kaur, committed suicide within seven years of marriage. The High Court also convicted him under Section 306 IPC, invoking the presumption of abetment under Section 113-A of the Evidence Act. On appeal, the Supreme Cou…

In May 2007 a protest turned violent at the Dinakaran newspaper office, resulting in arson and the death of three employees. The Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) Rajaram, who was on bandobust duty, was charged under Sections 217 and 221 of the IPC for allegedly disobeying orders and intentionally failing to appreh…

The respondent, Abhijit Singh Pawar, applied for police posts in Madhya Pradesh and disclosed in an affidavit that a criminal case (Sections 323, 325, 506, 34) was pending against him. Within four days the parties compromised and the offences were compounded under Section 320 of the Cr.P.C., resulting in his acquittal.…

Vasant Sampat Dupare was convicted of raping and murdering a four‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on a chain of circumstantial evidence – eyewitnesses who saw the accused with the child, forensic matches of blood on the stones and the accused’s clothing, and the accused’s own disclosure leading police to the body…

The appellant, an unmarried woman, lived with the respondent, a married man, for about 14 years and claimed that his failure to maintain her constituted domestic violence under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. The respondent argued that their relationship was a mere live‑in arrangement, not a "…

Jasvir Kaur and her husband Ginder Singh, a Head Constable, were convicted under Section 420 of the IPC for cheating an informant by promising a police job and extracting Rs.70,000. Both were sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a fine. The Supreme Court entertained only the appellant's challenge to the sentence. I…

The deceased, Chirra Shantha, had a strained relationship with her brother‑in‑law, the appellant, who allegedly abused her. On 21 April 1999 she poured kerosene on herself and the appellant threw a lit match, causing severe burns. She later died of septicemia; a dying declaration was recorded by a judicial magistrate a…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint in 2013 alleging offences under the IPC and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. A magistrate took cognizance of the offences and committed the case to a Special Court constituted under Section 14 of the Atrocities Act. The High Court q…

The appellant-builder company entered into a Joint Development Agreement and a subsequent MoU with Respondent No.2 to develop a property and sell flats, but a dispute arose over the alleged sale of four excess flats beyond the agreed share. Respondent No.2 filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating and criminal breac…

The appellant, Ramvir, was charged along with five others for surrounding a victim and firing shots that led to the victim's death. The Sessions Court acquitted all six accused of offences under Sections 148 and 149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) but convicted Ramvir under Section 302 IPC for murder. The State did not …

The appellant, Sudhakar, was accused of murdering his wife by striking her on the neck with a chopper, an act witnessed by neighbours who saw him carrying the blood‑stained weapon and his infant child. The trial court and the Kerala High Court convicted him under Section 302 IPC, rejecting his claim of insanity under S…

The case involves the murder of Prem Kumar Chaudhary during a family land dispute, where three relatives—Anjani Chaudhary, Bhimsen Chaudhary and Kinkin Chaudhary—were alleged to have attacked the victim with a pistol, lathi, farsa and bhala respectively. The trial court and High Court convicted all three under Section …

On 5 November 1988, the deceased, a neighbour, was persuaded by the accused and his friend to join them for drinks. After consuming alcohol, the accused got into a quarrel with his father, slapped him, and was subsequently rebuked by the deceased who intervened. In a sudden fit of anger, the accused stabbed the decease…

Four members of a family – the husband, his mother and two sisters – were charged with murdering the husband’s wife, who could not bear children. The prosecution relied on three independent eyewitnesses who testified to a prolonged quarrel and the beating of the victim, as well as medical testimony that the cause of de…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Munni Ram and others for assault, homicide and offences under the Cattle Trespass Act arising from a dispute over trespassing buffaloes. The trial court convicted the accused, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them after finding the prosecution witnesses unreliable and giving …

Bhavani married Nandyala Venkataramana in 1992 and was given a dowry of one lakh rupees, but the husband demanded additional items on the wedding night and continued to harass her for further dowry. Despite a Panchayat order for the couple to live separately, the husband, his parents, and brother persisted in making do…

The case involved six accused who were alleged to have fired on four persons, resulting in four deaths. The trial court acquitted Brahm Swaroop and Jagdish Baggar on the ground that the informant could not name their fathers and the weapon recovery was doubtful, while convicting the others. On appeal, the High Court re…

The case involved a group of accused who were originally acquitted by the Sessions Court for offences arising from a violent property dispute that resulted in death and injuries. The State appealed under Section 378 of the CrPC, and the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal, convicting the accused under IPC Sect…

Lok Prahari, a society, filed a public‑interest litigation seeking a declaration that a stay of conviction granted by an appellate court does not remove the disqualification of a sitting MLA/MP under Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and that the legislative seat becomes vacant from the date of c…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Chhaakki Lal and his son Akhilesh for the murder of four persons, including a three‑year‑old child, based primarily on the testimony of the sole eye‑witness Kesar Bai (PW‑1). The trial court convicted them under Section 302 IPC and imposed death sentences, deeming the case "rarest…

Jagjit Singh was convicted under Section 304‑B IPC for dowry death after his wife and child drowned within seven years of marriage. The trial court and the Punjab and Haryana High Court upheld the conviction, reducing the sentence to seven years. The appellant appealed to the Supreme Court under Article 136, arguing la…

The case involved the suicide of Renukaben Patel, a married woman, who alleged severe physical and mental cruelty by her husband and in‑laws before setting herself on fire in her matrimonial home. The trial court, after a hurried nine‑day trial, acquitted all accused except the husband (convicted under s.498A IPC with …

In 1974 a mob of 300‑400 persons, led by Surang Lal Yadav, attacked the Muslim Badhya community in Singhimari village, killing 14 people, burning 47 houses and looting property. The appellants, including Anup Lal Yadav, were identified by multiple eye‑witnesses as part of the mob and were convicted under Sections 302, …

Sultan Singh was married to Lavjeet Kaur, who died from severe burn injuries within four years of marriage. The prosecution alleged that the accused and his mother set the fire after the husband demanded Rs 30,000 as dowry, a demand that was repeatedly made up to the time of death. The defence claimed the death was acc…

The case arose from the alleged murder of Jumila in a dowry dispute, for which Liyakat, Ajeem Khan and others were convicted under Sections 302, 498A and 201 of the IPC. The High Court set aside the conviction, holding that material incriminating the accused had not been put to them under Section 313 of the CrPC, and r…

The case involved 60 accused charged under TADA, the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act, of whom 11 were convicted by a Designated Court. The appellants contended that the FIR under TADA was registered without the mandatory prior approval of the District Superintendent of Police under s.20‑A(1) of TADA, renderin…

The State of Madhya Pradesh alleged that Surendra Kori, a Deputy Registrar, facilitated the registration of over one hundred forged sale deeds to enable fictitious buyers to claim benefits under a Special Rehabilitation Package for the Sardar Sarovar Project. FIRs and charge‑sheets were filed under IPC sections 420, 46…

The case arose from a complaint alleging that a police encounter on 1 July 2004 was fabricated and resulted in the death of the complainant's son. The police contended that the encounter was genuine, a fact supported by FIRs, a CID inquiry, and an NHRC report. The High Court quashed the criminal proceeding against a po…

The appellant was convicted under sections 323, 352, 504 of the IPC and section 8(2) of the Goa Children’s Act, 2003 for allegedly hitting a child with a school bag. The High Court reduced the sentences, but the appellant challenged the conviction for child abuse and the applicability of probation. The Supreme Court ex…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of two accused, Putai and Dileep, for the rape and murder of a 12‑year‑old girl, based solely on circumstantial evidence and forensic material. The trial and High Courts had upheld the death penalty for Putai and life imprisonment for Dileep, relying on recovered items, a sniff…

In 1979, the principal of a college, Iqbal Bahadur Saxena, was allegedly shot by three accused while seated with his physician. The FIR, recorded at the police station, and a later statement made in hospital were treated as two dying declarations. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 307 and 34 of …

The incident occurred on 17 March 1997 at a tea stall in Kalia Hotel where the deceased, Keramat Ali, was allegedly attacked by a group of nine accused. The trial court acquitted accused No.9 (Samsul Haque) and accused Nos.2 and 3 (Abdul Rashid and Imdadul Islam) citing lack of incriminating evidence, while convicting …

The appellant withdrew Rs 16.68 lakh from a bank, left the cash in the first respondent's car, and later claimed the money was stolen when the car's glass was broken. A police investigation resulted in a chargesheet under IPC sections 406 (criminal breach of trust) and 420 (cheating). The respondents sought quashing of…

The case arose from a midnight assault on 26 May 2001 in which a group of accused entered the house of Bani Singh, armed with sharp weapons and a pistol, and attacked the occupants, resulting in Bani Singh’s death and injuries to four others. The prosecution relied primarily on the ocular testimony of two injured witne…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed a High Court order that reduced the six‑month rigorous imprisonment awarded to Bablu for offences under Sections 323 and 354 IPC to the 21 days he had already served, on the ground that he was a first‑time offender. The Supreme Court held that sentencing must reflect the gravity of …

The parents of a ten‑year‑old boy filed a claim petition under Sections 140 and 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 seeking compensation for his death in a tractor‑trolley accident caused by the driver (respondent No.1). The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal rejected the claim, holding that the plaintiffs failed to prove …

Gurvail Singh was convicted of murdering four persons under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC and was sentenced to death. The High Court upheld the death sentence, but the Supreme Court commuted it to life imprisonment with a direction that the petitioner serve 30 years without remission. The petitioner filed a writ petit…

The appellant Kamlesh Prabhudas Tanna and his mother were convicted for dowry harassment, abetment of suicide and culpable homicide after the death of Sandhya, the sister of the informant, who allegedly committed suicide. The trial court found the prosecution evidence sufficient under IPC sections 304‑8, 306, 498A, 34 …

The appellant, Mohan Singh, was accused of extorting money from an informant by telephone and threatening the informant's brother, who was subsequently killed. The prosecution presented voice identification by the informant, call‑record printouts linking Singh to co‑conspirator Laxmi Singh, and testimony that the infor…

Two FIRs (CR No.1‑154/2008 and CR No.1‑155/2008) were lodged for communal clashes in Dhedhal village. The High Court quashed the second FIR, merged the investigations, and transferred the case to the State CID, also directing that the charge‑sheet of the quashed FIR be read into the surviving case. The Supreme Court he…

The appellants, Suresh Thipmppa Shetty (A4) and Sadashiv Seena Salian (A2), were convicted under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC for the murder of Mahendra Pratap Singh and sentenced to life imprisonment and fines. They appealed the conviction, arguing that they were not present in the car where the murder occurred an…

The appellant Ghulam Hassan Beigh alleged that seven accused formed an unlawful assembly, assaulted him and his family, and caused the death of his wife, whose post‑mortem reported cardio‑respiratory failure. The trial court, after reviewing the medical report and limited oral evidence, discharged the accused of murder…

M/s Supreme Bhiwandi Wada Manor Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, a road‑construction contractor, alleged that four of its employees fabricated land‑ownership documents and misappropriated about Rs 5.08 crore intended for farmer compensation. A complaint led a Metropolitan Magistrate to order a police investigation under Section…

Junu Gayary, a widow, filed a writ petition under Article 226 alleging that her husband was taken into custody by the Indian Army and later killed, with the army attempting to portray the death as an encounter. The Gauhati High Court, after an enquiry by the District & Sessions Judge, found prima facie evidence of the …

The appellant, Arvindkumar, was charged with murdering his first wife, Sita Devi, under Sections 302 and 201 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence, including the last sighting of the appellant with the victim, blood‑stained clothes, recovery of a knife, post‑mortem fi…

The State of Punjab appealed against the Punjab & Haryana High Court’s order reducing the conviction of four accused from murder (s.302 r/w s.34 IPC) to culpable homicide not amounting to murder (s.304 Part‑I r/w s.34) and cutting their sentence to five years rigorous imprisonment. The trial court had relied on the tes…

The appellants, Gosu Jairami Reddy and others, were convicted for murder, rioting and offences under the Explosive Substances Act after allegedly hurling bombs and attacking the deceased with hunting sickles. They challenged the convictions before the Supreme Court under Article 136, arguing errors in the trial court’s…

Bipin Kumar Mondal was convicted for the murder of his wife and son and for causing hurt to another son under IPC sections 302 and 323. The prosecution’s case rested on the eyewitness testimony of the surviving son, Sujit Mondal, who lodged an Ejahar stating that his father attacked the family with a knife, and on corr…

The Association for Democratic Reforms challenged the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) with VVPAT, seeking a return to paper ballots, physical hand‑over of VVPAT slips to voters, and 100% VVPAT counting, alleging possible manipulation. The Supreme Court examined the technical architecture of EVMs, the safeguard…

The appellant married respondent No.1, who had previously concealed her existing marriage and presented a forged divorce decree, inducing the appellant to part with Rs. 2 lakh and later discover her pregnancy. The appellant filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating and criminal conspiracy under Sections 420 and 120‑…

The State of Odisha appealed against the High Court’s order that quashed the cognizance taken by the Special District Judge, Bhubaneswar, of offences under sections 420, 467, 468, 471, 477(A), 120(B) and 34 of the IPC relating to a conspiracy to forge documents and illegally transfer government land. The FIR, lodged in…

The petitioner sought the release of her husband, who had been repeatedly remanded in custody despite the filing of multiple supplementary chargesheets that did not complete the investigation. The core issue was whether a chargesheet can be filed piecemeal before the investigation is finished and whether such filing ex…

The appellant, Shraddha Gupta, was added as an accused in a murder case after call recordings linked her to the crime. A gang chart was prepared and she was charged under Sections 2 and 3 of the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters and Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986. She filed a writ petition under Section 482 of the…

P. Soupramian, a messenger employed by State Bank of India, stabbed two individuals with a broken soda bottle and was convicted under Section 324 of the Indian Penal Code, receiving a three‑month imprisonment. The bank discharged him under Section 10(1)(b)(i) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, which bars persons conv…

N. Ramamurthy was convicted under several IPC provisions and the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to multiple terms, the trial court directing that all sentences run concurrently, resulting in a maximum imprisonment of seven years. He filed applications under Section 389 of the CrPC seeking suspension of the …

The appellant, a certified surveyor, was appointed by an insurance company to assess a fire insurance claim of M/s. Ram Company. After submitting a final survey report that led the insurer to repudiate the claim, the complainant filed a criminal complaint alleging that the appellant, with armed accomplices, threatened …

The State of Maharashtra alleged that sixteen accused, including Bhaskarrao and others, murdered Shamrao by assaulting him with weapons and amputating his hand, invoking sections 147, 148, 452 r/w 149, 302 r/w 149 and 506 of the IPC. The trial court acquitted all accused after finding the prosecution’s case riddled wit…

Amal Kumar Jha, the doctor-in-charge of a Primary Health Centre, was charged under IPC 304A for the death of a patient after he allegedly refused to provide a government jeep to transfer her to a district hospital. He sought discharge of the criminal proceedings under Section 197 of the CrPC, arguing that the omission …

The State (CBI) filed a charge‑sheet against fourteen accused, including the respondent, under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and several provisions of the Indian Penal Code. The Special Court initially deferred taking cognizance of the respondent, directing the investigating officer to obtain a sanction order …

Guiram Mondal, the tenth accused in a double murder case, appealed his conviction under Sections 302 and 148 of the IPC. The trial court had acquitted all accused except one, relying heavily on the absence of the accused's names in the inquest report. The High Court reversed this, holding that the trial court overlooke…

The appellants Litta Singh and Kalla Singh, along with their father Boga Singh, were charged with the murder of Hansraj Singh after assaulting him with a lathi and a gandasi following a prior quarrel. The victim died the next day, leading the trial court to convict the two appellants under Section 302 IPC (murder) and …

Bharat Bhushan was convicted by the Himachal Pradesh High Court for raping an 11‑year‑old girl under IPC s.376 and sentenced to five years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine. He contended that, being a juvenile (under 18) at the time of the offence, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, parti…

The appellants (A‑1 and A‑2) and others assaulted the deceased and his family with sticks, causing fatal abdominal injuries and other wounds. They were convicted by the trial court under IPC sections 304, 323 and 325 and sentenced to ten years rigorous imprisonment. The High Court modified the conviction under section …

Two Italian marines were arrested by Kerala police for killing two Indian fishermen 20.5 nautical miles off the Kerala coast. The Supreme Court earlier held that the State of Kerala lacked jurisdiction and that only the Union of India could investigate and try the marines, pending a determination of the applicability o…

The appellants Zahoor, Subrati and Babu were originally convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. The Allahabad High Court altered the conviction to culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304(1) read with Section 34, imposing a fine. On appeal, the Supreme Court held…

The appellants, Santosh Moolya and another, were convicted for raping two sisters who were working in a quarry and were subsequently threatened not to report the crime. The victims lodged a police complaint 42 days after the incident, citing illiteracy, fear of retaliation, and lack of male family support as reasons fo…

The deceased was attacked with weapons by his relatives while returning from work, resulting in his death. The trial court acquitted accused A‑2 to A‑6, but the High Court convicted A‑2 to A‑5 under s.302 read with s.149 IPC, finding the witnesses’ testimony credible despite minor inconsistencies. The appellants challe…

The appellant was convicted by the Sessions Court and the High Court for rape under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code based on the complaint of PW‑3, who alleged that the appellant entered her house at night, threatened her with a pistol and raped her. The trial court relied on the testimony of three prosecution wit…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and sentenced by the Sessions Court to ten years' rigorous imprisonment, which the State appealed under Section 377 of the CrPC for enhancement. The High Court, after serving notice and appointing an amicus curiae, enhanced the sentence to life imprisonment. T…

The complainant, a promoter‑director of a biomass power company, filed a private complaint alleging conspiracy, false declarations and cheating under Section 628 of the Companies Act, 1956 and Sections 1208 and 420 of the Indian Penal Code. The Special Judge for Economic Offences took cognizance, but the Andhra Pradesh…

The Supreme Court examined a series of writ petitions filed under Article 32 seeking protection and relief for victims of the September 2013 Muzaffarnagar communal riots, including compensation for rape victims and accountability for the State's failure to prevent the violence. The Court found the State government negl…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based on a dying declaration, eyewitness testimony, and the recovery of a weapon, despite serious irregularities in the investigation. The Supreme Court examined the purpose of criminal investigation, the role of the investigating officer, and the interplay be…

The appellant, Joseph Easwaran Wapshare, obtained a Succession Certificate under Section 372 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, as the son and lineal descendant of the intestate Gorden Wapshare. The respondent, Shirley Katheleen Wheeler, who is the daughter of Beatrice (the wife of Edward Wapshare, Gorden's brother), …

The case arose from a violent incident in 1994 in which five accused persons allegedly attacked the family of informant Bhola Singh, resulting in the death of three of his sons. The trial court convicted all six accused of murder and related offences, sentencing two of them to death and the others to life imprisonment.…

Gajanan Dashrath Kharate was convicted of murdering his father, Dashrath, after the father was found dead in a pool of blood following a night of frequent quarrels. Two neighbours, PW‑1 and PW‑2, heard the altercation but did not intervene and later learned of the death from a third witness. The prosecution presented t…

The case concerns the murder of two brothers on 11 November 1999, for which ten persons were charge-sheeted. The trial court convicted all, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted six accused on the ground that they were not named by the star witness, while convicting Badru Ram, Sita Ram, Ramavtar and Lakshman under Sec…

The appellant Rajinder Singh was convicted under IPC s.3048 for the death of his wife Salwinder Kaur, who died by poisoning within four years of marriage after repeated demands for dowry money and alleged ill‑treatment by the husband and his relatives. The trial court and the High Court upheld the conviction, finding t…

Ravindra was convicted under Section 376(1) IPC for raping Narmadabai in 1994 and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment. The appellant challenged the conviction on grounds of lack of physical injury, insufficient semen evidence, contradictions in the victim's testimony, and the absence of corroboration. The Sup…

The deceased, Truptiben, married in 1996 and allegedly faced repeated dowry demands and mental harassment by her husband and his relatives, leading her to commit suicide by hanging in 2000, within seven years of marriage. A criminal complaint was filed under Sections 498A, 304B, 306 and 114 of the IPC; the trial court …

The appellant, Dhirendra Kumar, was convicted of murdering Surat Singh by striking him on the head with a stone. The prosecution presented eye‑witnesses, the widow of the deceased, and corroborative testimony establishing prior enmity and a motive. The accused claimed he was falsely implicated and that the incident was…

The appellant, Tejram Patil, was convicted of murdering his wife Savita by pouring kerosene and setting her on fire; Savita’s mother Prabhabai and the landlady Vimal also sustained burn injuries and died. The trial court admitted Prabhabai’s dying declaration (OD) to prove the cause of Prabhabai’s death but rejected Sa…

The case arose from a violent clash between two rival groups over a land dispute in Rajasthan, during which Shivji Ram was killed and several others injured. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC, while the High Court later reduced the charge to culpable homicide not amountin…

The appellant Jhaptu Ram shot and killed his neighbour Devinder Kumar after an altercation, while the neighbour's mother was present to pacify the dispute. The trial court convicted him of murder under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed this conviction. On appeal, the Suprem…

The appellant, Sangram Sadashiv Suryavanshi, was charged with counterfeiting offences under Sections 489A, 489B and 489C read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, involving six counterfeit Rs.500 notes. He had been in custody for two and a half years, with no prior criminal record and the trial unlikely to conclud…

The appellants, Vijaya Singh and his mother Basanti Devi, were convicted for the murder of Devaki, the appellant's wife, based largely on circumstantial evidence and statements recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC. The appellants challenged the conviction, arguing that the FIR was delayed, the circumstantial evidence…

The case concerns the murder of Debo! Kumar Ghosh on 16 June 2000, for which Anjan Dasgupta and Biswanath Paul were alleged to have directed shooters. The trial court acquitted them, citing alleged ante‑dating and ante‑timing of the FIR and discarding eye‑witness testimony. The Calcutta High Court reversed the acquitta…

The deceased Seema was married in 1991 and soon after faced repeated dowry demands for a motorcycle and cash from her husband, Chandrahas, and his relatives. Despite a Panchayat‑mediated compromise deed in 1994, the harassment continued, culminating in her being beaten and later burnt to death in 1995. The prosecution …

The appellant Motilal Yadav was convicted, along with six co‑accused, for kidnapping a six‑year‑old boy and demanding ransom, under IPC sections 364A read with 34 and 120B. The trial court sentenced each accused to life imprisonment and a fine, and the High Court of Patna affirmed the conviction. The appellant challeng…

The State of Gujarat appealed against the High Court’s order upholding the quashing of a magistrate’s permission to add Sections 364, 394 and 398 IPC to a charge‑sheet that had already been filed after investigation of an FIR under Section 154 CrPC. The dispute centered on whether a magistrate exercising jurisdiction u…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Thummala Anjaneyulu, who was charged with murdering Bhoomaiah during a village Panchayat after being provoked for allegedly ogling women. The trial court had convicted him under Section 302 IPC, but the High Court set him free, doubting the credibility of eyewitness…

On 15 September 1997 three accused—Md. Mizazul Haq, Abbas Ahmad Choudhary and an absconding Ranju Das—kidnapped, gagged and raped a girl aged about 13‑15 years. The trial court convicted both appellants under Sections 376 and 336 of the Indian Penal Code, a decision upheld by the Gauhati High Court. On appeal before th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh charged Ramjan Khan, Musab Khan and Habib Khan with murder of Naseem Khan under Sec. 302 read with Sec. 34 IPC. The trial court convicted them based largely on oral testimonies of the deceased’s mother (PW‑8) and his two minor brothers (PW‑5, PW‑9), treating an alleged oral dying declaration…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the Madhya Pradesh High Court’s order reducing Mahendra alias Golu’s conviction from attempt to commit rape under s.376(2)(f) read with s.511 IPC to a lesser offence of outraging modesty under s.354 IPC. The facts revealed that the accused lured two minor girls to his house,…

Ramawatar, a resident of a Madhya Pradesh village, was convicted under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act for allegedly insulting his neighbour Prembai, a Scheduled Caste woman, during a property dispute. The parties later entered into a voluntary compromise and the complainant sought to withdraw the criminal case. The S…

Miss XYZ, a personal assistant to the managing director of a company, filed a complaint alleging that the director repeatedly blackmailed her with nude photographs, threatened her employment, and raped her on several occasions. An FIR was lodged under Sections 376, 499 and 506(2) of the IPC. The director filed a specia…

The appellant Jitendra Kalla was convicted in two FIRs for murder and related offences, receiving rigorous life imprisonment in each case with a 30‑year cap on remission for the first and a consecutive life term for the second. The High Court, despite a statement that the appellant would not challenge the conviction, e…

The case arose from the beating of Hariya on 30 August 1990 by five persons, including Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, who later died after 14 days of injuries. The trial court acquitted all five accused, but the High Court set aside the acquittal of Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, convicting them under Section 304 Part II read …

The CBI prosecuted three police officers for grievously injuring a detainee, Jugta Ram, in police custody, including the amputation of his penis using a razor. The trial court convicted all three under sections 326, 308, 323, 342, 343 and 120B of the IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted the ASI and SHO and reduc…

The case involved the abduction and subsequent death of Neelam, whose husband and brother‑in‑law alleged that seven accused, including Vijay Singh and Tanik Singh, abducted her from her father's house over a property dispute. The trial court convicted five of the accused under Sections 302/34 and 364/34 IPC and acquitt…

The complainant, a wife, filed a criminal complaint in 2013 alleging dowry demand, threats, and cruelty by her step‑mother‑in‑law, step‑brother‑in‑law, father‑in‑law and a munim, leading to an FIR under Sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 read with 34 IPC and a subsequent chargesheet. The appellants sought quashing of the FIR…

The case involved police officers accused of torturing a suspect, Shama @ Kalya, while in custody, leading to his death and alleged tampering with evidence. The prosecution relied on witness testimony, a fingerprint test linking an unidentified burnt body to the victim, and claims of a staged escape, while the defence …

The appellants Anwar Ali and another were convicted by the Himachal Pradesh High Court for murder and related offences based on circumstantial evidence, overturning a trial court acquittal. The trial court had found material contradictions in the prosecution's version of the recovery of a knife, rope, and other items, …

The appellant, a Christian minority college, challenged three Government Orders (G.O.M. No. 57, 92 and 98) that prescribed criteria for determining minority status of B.Ed. candidates, mandated centralized counselling, and required vacant management‑quota seats to be filled by non‑minority students on merit. The colleg…

The petitioner filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a direction to bar Members of Parliament, Legislative Assemblies and Councils from practising as advocates while holding office, invoking Bar Council of India Rule 49 which prohibits advocates from being full‑time salaried employees. The Court examined wheth…

The husband and wife were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for the death of Asaram, who they alleged had raped the wife. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction, but the Supreme Court examined medical evidence, eyewitness testimony, and the dying declaration, finding the death homicidal but caused in a…

Avinash Sadashiv Bhosale, a State Bank of India branch manager, was prosecuted under IPC sections 120B, 420, 467, 468, 471 and 201 for alleged fraud of Rs 12 crore, but was acquitted by the criminal court. Simultaneously, the bank instituted departmental proceedings under the SBI Officers Service Rules, 1992, charging …

The petitioner, serving a life sentence for murder and a weapons offence, applied for premature release after 24 years of incarceration, claiming denial of remission and parole. The Remission Board rejected his applications twice, relying heavily on adverse opinions of the presiding judge, despite favorable reports fro…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed charge sheets in English in Vyapam scam cases, and the accused, who claimed they could not understand English, sought Hindi translations. The lower courts rejected the applications, but the Madhya Pradesh High Court held that Hindi, being the language of the criminal courts und…

The appellant, a head cashier of a bank branch, was convicted under Sections 201, 380, 435, 457 and 477 read with Section 120B of the IPC for a theft of Rs. six lakh from the bank's safe, based solely on his custody of one set of keys in a dual‑lock system. The trial and High Courts inferred a conspiracy between the ap…

The Commissioner of Police, Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order that directed the consideration of four candidates (Raj Kumar, Shiv Singh, Prem Singh Choudhary and Deepa Tomar) for appointment as constables despite their involvement in criminal cases. The candidates had either been acquitted or had their ca…

The appellant, Samir Sahay, was charged under Section 420 IPC for allegedly cheating a depositor after his father, Major P.C. Sahay (Retd.), gave false assurances that money deposited in Aneja Consultancy would be safe. The FIR alleged that the father, not the son, made the fraudulent promise, and the son was only said…

The appellant Gurdeep Singh was convicted under IPC sections 3048 (dowry death) and 498A for allegedly poisoning his wife Rajinder Kaur after a dowry demand. The prosecution alleged that the accused administered poison, that a dowry demand of Rs 25,000 was made shortly before death, and that the body was cremated hasti…

The respondent, a legislator and social activist, filed a writ petition alleging that the Rajasthan Chief Minister's Relief Fund was being distributed arbitrarily and discriminatorily among minor rape victims, seeking a uniform grant of Rs.5 lakh to each victim. The High Court ordered that Rule 5 of the Relief Fund Rul…

The appellant was convicted for aggravated penetrative sexual assault of a five‑year‑old girl under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 376AB IPC, and was sentenced to imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life. The offence occurred on 20 May 2019, before the 2019 amendment to Section 6 of the POCSO Act, whi…

The appellant, Sukdeb Saha, challenged the Andhra Pradesh High Court's refusal to transfer the investigation of his 17‑year‑old daughter's suspicious death at a coaching institute to the CBI. He alleged that the local police investigation was biased, incomplete, and that crucial forensic evidence and CCTV footage were …

The dispute arose between Sunair Hotels Ltd (SHL) and VLS Finance Ltd over a failed Memorandum of Understanding for a hotel project, leading to multiple FIRs and arbitration. SHL filed an application under Section 156(3) CrPC on 1 July 2005, prompting a Metropolitan Magistrate to order registration of FIR No.380/2005 f…

The appellant, a shareholder and former director of Seva Vikas Co-operative Bank, filed FIR No. 806 of 2019 alleging financial fraud by the bank's chief executive and former chairperson based on a forensic audit report. The Bombay High Court quashed the FIR, holding that Section 81(5B) of the Maharashtra Co-operative S…

The second respondent filed an application under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking anticipatory bail for alleged offences under IPC sections 406, 420, 467 and 468. The Patna High Court granted the bail but, in the same order, directed the cancellation of the licence of Kanchan Kumari, the appellant,…

The Supreme Court examined whether the continuous humiliation and taunting of an 18‑year‑old girl by her relatives amounted to abetment of suicide under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The Court held that the accused’s repeated insults, aimed at destroying the victim’s self‑esteem, constituted instigation …

The appellant, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, alleged that his son was murdered and that the accused, the second respondent, was a juvenile at the time of the offence. The accused claimed juvenility based on a CBSE matriculation certificate showing a birth date of 17‑12‑1998, while school records, a transfer certificate, Aadhaar…

The appellants Ranjit Kumar Haldar and Mamta Mohanta were convicted for the murder of Netai Mohanta, whose body was found concealed under wooden flooring in a house they had rented. The prosecution relied on the discovery of the body, statements of witnesses, and a disclosure statement by the wife of the deceased. The …

The case concerned Sukh Ram, a Gram Sewak, who was alleged to have forged loan applications and misappropriated government funds between 1983 and 1986. During the investigation, an executive magistrate obtained specimen signatures of two witnesses, which were later compared by a handwriting expert who testified that th…

The appellant Devraj was convicted under Section 302 IPC for murdering his cousin amid a land dispute. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses, two of whom were declared hostile, but their testimony was corroborated by other evidence showing Devraj’s assault on the victim. The defence argued that hostile witness …

The appellant, Kantilal Martaji Pandor, was married to two women; his second wife, Amriben, wrote a letter to the police alleging financial exploitation, starvation and threats, and subsequently died by jumping into a well. An FIR was lodged under Sections 498A and 306 IPC, leading to his conviction on both counts by t…

The appellant was charged under Sections 364, 302 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of a six‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on five circumstantial facts: the child was last seen with the accused, the accused made an extra‑judicial confession, a blood‑stained shirt recovered at the accused’s request…

The appellants, Rahil and Noor Ahmed, were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC after the Delhi High Court reversed their trial‑court acquittal. The prosecution's case was based on circumstantial evidence that the deceased had called the co‑accused Suraiya and allegedly went to her residence, where he was later fo…

The appellant, Gour Acharjee, was convicted for the murder of his wife Soma Acharjee, who died after being subjected to severe dowry-related torture. The prosecution alleged that Soma was beaten, sustaining head and chest injuries, and subsequently hanged to simulate suicide, while the defence claimed a voluntary suici…

The appellant, a 25‑year‑old student, was charged under IPC sections 376, 376(2)(n), 377, 504 and 506 for allegedly forcing sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage. The complainant, a previously married woman with a four‑year‑old child, claimed the appellant entered her house and had sexual relations after assuring…

The appellants Sunil Kumar and others were convicted under IPC sections 363, 366 and 376(1) and sentenced to separate terms of rigorous imprisonment without any indication whether the sentences should run concurrently or consecutively. Both the trial court and the High Court failed to specify the mode of running of the…

The appellant was convicted of rape under IPC s.376 based solely on the testimony of the prosecutrix, Indira, whose statement was recorded under Section 164 CrPC. The appellant appealed, arguing that the prosecutrix's evidence contained material contradictions, lacked corroboration, and was unreliable, especially given…

Mukut Bihari and another were accused of demanding a Rs.100 bribe for issuing a discharge ticket in a hospital. A trap was organised, the complainant handed the money to the accused, and both were arrested. The trial court convicted them under Sections 7, 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Se…

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, was accused of repeatedly torturing her daughter‑in‑law over dowry demands, leading the young woman to commit suicide by poison. The trial court convicted her under Sections 304B and 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the High Court acquitted her of those off…

Rahul Kumar Yadav was convicted under Sections 302 and 394 of the IPC and Section 27(2) of the Arms Act, receiving a death sentence which was later commuted to life imprisonment. He claimed that he was a juvenile at the time of the alleged offence (27 July 2011) and filed applications under Section 7‑A of the Juvenile …

The appellant was convicted of raping his nine‑year‑old daughter under Sections 376, 377 and 506 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, with the trial judge adding a rider that no clemency could be granted before he served twenty years. The Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction and the same rider, and the ap…

The petitioner, Rajan, was convicted of multiple offences including dacoity, murder, and illegal possession of arms, receiving seven years' rigorous imprisonment for IPC 395, five years' rigorous imprisonment under the Arms Act, and life imprisonment for three counts of IPC 302 and four counts of IPC 307. He sought pre…

The accused Naresh, Suresh, Ashish and Rajendra were charged with attempting to murder and causing hurt by attacking Tej Singh with an axe in 1998. The Sessions Court acquitted them, but the High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted them under IPC sections 307/34, 323/34, 324/34 and 504, imposing imprisonment an…

The appellant Baliraj Singh and co‑accused were convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC based on the testimony of three eyewitnesses who were relatives of the deceased and on a post‑mortem report indicating a fatal wound caused by a sharp object. The Supreme Court found serious contradictions among th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court's order quashing an FIR registered under Sections 307 and 34 of the IPC against Assistant Sub‑Inspector Rajveer Singh and others for allegedly shooting and beating a complainant. Rajveer Singh had filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking to quash…

The petitioner, a wife, filed a dowry complaint against her husband and his family and later sought further investigation of her stridhan property and a palmtop communicator under Section 173(8) of the Cr.P.C. The magistrate ordered the investigating officer to conduct this additional inquiry under the supervision of a…

The Union of India moved a writ petition under Art. 32 seeking to quash a Tamil Nadu Government letter proposing remission of life sentences for seven convicts in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case, after the Supreme Court had earlier commuted death sentences of three of them to life imprisonment. The Court examined w…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of three accused in a kidnapping‑for‑ransom case. It upheld the life‑sentence convictions of Gautam Kumar (A2) and Vijay Ranglal Chorasiya (A5), finding that eyewitness testimony, telephone‑booth records and voice‑spectrography reliably proved their guilt beyond reasonable dou…

Manjeet Singh and two companions were charged with murder (Sec. 302 IPC), attempted murder, and offences under the Arms Act after firing a carbine in a hotel hall, killing Rajnish (Rintu) and injuring others. The trial court convicted Singh under Sec. 302, Sec. 324 IPC and Sec. 27 of the Arms Act; the High Court affirm…

The Supreme Court, hearing Special Leave Petition (Cr.) No. 5073 of 2011 filed by the State of Karnataka against Shivanna, observed the persistent incidence of rape and the inadequacy of existing procedural mechanisms. It noted the absence of a fast‑track procedure for rape cases despite the existence of Fast‑Track Cou…

The appellant husband was convicted under IPC sections 306 (abetment of suicide) and 498A (cruelty) read with section 34 for harassing his wife over dowry, leading her to set herself on fire and die. The prosecution’s case rested on the victim’s dying declaration, recorded by police before an Executive Magistrate while…

The appellants, Baskaran (A‑1) and an associate (A‑2), were charged with raping a girl and subsequently murdering her by strangulation. Both made extra‑judicial confessions to Village Administrative Officers, which were recorded in writing and witnessed by PW‑11 and PW‑14, although the latter later turned hostile on ce…

The appellant Dinesh was convicted for the death of his wife Manju Bala, who committed suicide by ingesting a pesticide within four years of marriage. The prosecution alleged that Dinesh and his brothers repeatedly harassed the deceased for additional dowry items such as a television and a gold chain, and barred her pa…

The case arose from an agrarian dispute over irrigation water where seven accused assaulted the complainant and his nephew, resulting in the nephew's death. The trial court convicted all accused under Sections 147, 323/149 and 302/149 IPC and imposed life imprisonment for the murder charge. On appeal, the Supreme Court…

Laut Kumar Yadav alias Kuri was convicted for murdering an 18‑year‑old girl and attempting to rape her. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: a sniffer‑dog trail, recovery of a blood‑stained sickle and the accused’s clothes, and prior eve‑teasing of the victim. The trial court sentenced him to death under …

Prem Kaur, a labourer, was abducted, beaten and allegedly raped by a father, his son and others. She was hospitalized, but the FIR was lodged three days later. The trial court acquitted the accused, citing the delay in filing the FIR and the improbability of a father and son raping together, without providing reasoned …

Shankar Kisanrao Khade, aged about 52, and his wife abducted an 11‑year‑old girl with moderate intellectual disability, repeatedly raped her and later strangulated her to death. The trial court and the High Court convicted Khade under IPC sections 302, 376, 366‑A, 363 r/w s.34 and sentenced him to death, while his wife…

In July 2020, a group of tribal youths attacked non‑tribal youngsters playing basketball in Lawsohtun, Meghalaya. Journalist Patricia Mukhim posted a Facebook message condemning the attack and urging the state government and police to act, which was complained about as hate speech. An FIR was lodged under Sections 153A…

The appellant, Pavan Vasudeo Sharma, was arrested during a raid on a kidnapping case and a 9 mm service pistol, live cartridges and two mobile phones were seized from him. The prosecution alleged that the pistol, originally belonging to a police Naik, was used to murder Bhima Waghmare and that the seized mobile phone w…

The appellants Vijay Singh and Hari Singh were part of a group that assaulted the deceased with various weapons, each inflicting one injury—Vijay with a ballam to the face and Hari with a farsa to the neck. The deceased sustained five injuries and died from excessive bleeding and shock, as per the post‑mortem report. T…

The appellants were convicted for conspiracy, cheating, forgery of a palmolein oil permit and offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and Essential Commodities Act. The prosecution alleged that accused A1, A2 and A4 had interpolated and forged the permit, relying mainly on handwriting identification by witnesse…

The appellant was charged under the UAPA and related statutes, and the trial court declared five prosecution witnesses as protected under Section 44 of the UAPA and Section 173(6) of the CrPC, sealing their statements. The appellant later sought, under Section 207 of the CrPC, redacted copies of those statements so tha…

The appellant, Ram Vijay Singh, was convicted under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 for murder and claimed he was a juvenile at the time of the 20 July 1982 incident. He relied on a 1982 High Court bail order based on a radiologist’s report, an alleged age of 15½‑17½ years, and an arms‑licence application showing a birth date of 30…

The case concerned the murder of Ganeshram in July 1998, for which Devilal, his son Gokul and Amrat Ram (AR) were charged under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 and the SC/ST Act. The trial court relied on the FIR as a dying declaration and on eyewitness testimony of the victim's wife (PW1) and sister‑in‑law (PW2), corroborated by r…

The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) issued a notice to show cause under Regulation 39(4) of its 1960 Staff Regulations seeking removal of employee Mukesh Poonamchand Shah after his conviction by a Special CBI Judge for offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Indian Penal Code. Shah challenged …

The father of the deceased, Anand Singh, witnessed his son Partap being beaten to death with lathis and swords by several accused persons on 4 July 2003 and lodged an FIR the next morning. The accused argued that the FIR was delayed, they were falsely implicated, and that two witnesses named in the FIR were not examine…

Raj Kumar, a 32‑year‑old who was a regular visitor to a neighbour's house, was asked to stay overnight while the parents irrigated fields. He raped the 14‑year‑old girl Gounjhi, caused grievous injuries and she died of asphyxia by strangulation. A 10‑year‑old brother witnessed the assault; DNA analysis linked the appel…

A complaint alleging irregularities in construction works at the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha was investigated by the Lokayukt, which referred the matter to the Special Police Establishment (SPE) under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Vidhan Sabha Secretary issued letters claiming a breach of legislative privilege …

The Society Common Cause filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a declaration that the "right to die with dignity" is a fundamental right under Article 21 and that persons should be allowed to execute a living will or attorney authorization to refuse life‑prolonging treatment. The petitioners argued that termin…

The father of a slain environmental activist filed a writ petition seeking transfer of the investigation into his son’s murder from the Gujarat police to an independent agency, alleging bias and protection of the accused, who was a sitting MP. The Gujarat High Court, after finding the state investigation unfair, partia…

The Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS) constituted a Grievance Committee under Section 53 of the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Act, 1998 to address complaints of two unapproved lecturers (the 5th and 6th respondents) alleging sexual harassment and other mistreatment. The college and the two le…

The complainant, Manno Lal Jaiswal, filed an FIR alleging that his son was murdered by a group of accused who were named in the FIR and whose statements were recorded on the same day. The Sessions Court rejected the accused's bail applications, but the Allahabad High Court granted bail, erroneously stating that the acc…

The appellant, a retired Brigadier and trustee of a regimental welfare trust, was convicted for cheating in the sale of trust agricultural land. He sought to introduce a 1989 trust deed and a resolution authorising the sale as additional evidence under Section 391 of the CrPC during his appeal, but the trial and appell…

In 1988 the accused used a hockey stick to inflict injuries on Om Prakash and Ravinder Kumar. The trial court acquitted all five accused, but the High Court convicted four of them under Section 325 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, crediting the period they had already spent in custody and imposing a colle…

The case involved an alleged assault and murder of the father and nephew of PW‑1 (Kaldhari) by three accused (A‑1, A‑2, A‑3) using knives and spears. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the testimony of PW‑1 and two other eyewitnesses (PW‑2, PW‑3), who claimed to have identified the accused with the aid of a lanter…

The appellants, two fine‑art auctioneers, auctioned two paintings that were later seized by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as antiques. The CBI, relying on the ASI report, registered an FIR under IPC s.120B and the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 s.25(1) read with s.3, and filed a charge‑sheet. The ap…