UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.versusANAND SINGH BISHT

A                         UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
                                           v.
                              ANAND SINGH BISHT

                                  AUGUST 28, 1996

B                     [G.N. RAY AND B.L. HANSARIA, JJ.)

         Border Seciuity Force Act, 1968 & Rules/Code of Criminal Procedure,
    1973:

C          Rule 39/Sections 5, 428--Border Security Force/Naik injuring a
    cadet-Tlied under Border Seculity Force Act and convicted for an offence
    under S. 307 IPC and Sentenced to one year R.1.-Approaching High Court
    for set off under Section 428 Cr.P.C. of one year R.I, against pre-trial
    detention-High Court ordeling his release from detention-On appeal, held
D   there is absolutely no scope for invoking the aid of S. 428 Cr.P. C. in respect
    of plisoners convicted by Cowt Ma1tial-In the facts of the case sentence
    reduced to the pe1iod already u11dergo11e----l11coporatio11 of a provision in the
    Border Security force Act similar to S.428 Cr.P.C. or S.169-A of the Anny
    Act-Suggestion made for amendment without delay.

E         Ajmer Singh v. Union of India and Ors., [1987) 3 SCR 84; Ajit Kumar
    v. Union of India and Others Etc., [1988) 2 SCR 40 and Bhuwneshwar Singh
    v. Union of India and Others, [1993) 4 SCC 327, relied on.

          Claim for compensation for long detention as under trial accused-Sen-
    tence of one year R.I. imposed as against a maximum of ten years-Hence
F
    no need to give direction for payment of monetary compensation.

          Ajit Kumar v. Union of India and Othw Etc., (1988) 2 SCR 40,
    distinguished.

G        CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    633of1987.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 30.9.85 of the Calcutta High
    Court in Crl.M. Case No. 1072 of 1985.

H          N.N. Goswami, Tara Chandra Sharma, Mrs. Sushma Suri and P.
                                   306
                            U.0.1. v. AS. BIS HT                         307

Parmeshwaran for the Appellants.                                                A

      Amrish Kumar for the Respondent.

      The following Order of Court was delivered :

      The judgment dated 30th September, 1985 passed by the Division            B
Bench of the Calcutta High Court in Criminal Misc. Case No. 1072 of 1985
arising out of a Writ Petition for a writ of habeas corous made by the
respondent Anand Singh Bisht is under challenge in this appeal. Anand
Singh Bisht was a Naik in the Border Security Force. For injuring one cadet
Raj Kishore Singh, he was tried under the Border Security Force Act, 1968       c
and was convicted for the offence under Section 307 of the Indian Penal
Code and was sentenced to suffer one years' rigorous imprisonment. In
execution of such sentence, he was lodged in the Berhampur Central Jail.
The respondent Anand Singh Bisht moved the habeas corpus petition
before the Calcutta High Court inter alia contending that as he had             D
undergone pre-trial detention by the Border Security Force authorities for
about one year he was entitled to set off his sentence of one year's rigorous
imprisonment under Section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and
he should, therefore, be forthwith released from detention. By the im-
pugned judgment, the High Court came to the finding that the beneficial         E
provision of Section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is applicable
in the case of the respondent even though he was tried by a court martial
under the Border Security Force Act and Section 5 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure has not taken away wch benefit. Accordingly, an order was
passed on 30th September, 1985 to release the respondent from detention.
Against the said decision of the High Court of Calcutta, the Union of India     F
has preferred the instant appeal.

       It appears that on the question as to whether the benefit of Section
428 of the Criminal Procedure Code providing for set off the period of
detention undergone by an accused person during investigation, inquiry or       G
trial against the term of imprisonment is applicable when an army person-
nel is convicted by the Court Martial under the Army Act, the High Courts
gave different decisions. One of such decisions came up for consideration
before this Court in Ajmer Singh v. Union of India and Ors., The decision
rendered by this Court in the said is reported in (1987) 3 SCR 84. 1:he         H
    308                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A decision of the Calcutta High Court passed in the said habeas corpus
  petition concerning the respondent, Anand Singh Bisht was also cited
  before this Court inAjmer Singh's Case (supra). InAjmer Singh's case this
  Court has held that the provision for set off contained in Section 428 of
  the Code of Criminal Procedure is not attracted in the case of persons
B convicted and sentenced by Court Martial under the Army Act. It has been
  indicated by this Court that the Army Act, the Navy Act and the Air Force
  Act constitute special laws in force conferring special jurisdiction and
  powers on Courts Martial. They embody a completely self-contained com-
  prehensive code specifying the various offices and prescribing the proce-
C <lure for detention, custody, investigation and trial of the offenders, the
  punishment to be awarded, confirmation and revision of the sentences to
  be imposed, the execution of such sentences and the grant of pardons,
  remissions and suspensions in respect of such sentences. Section 5 of the
  Code renders the provisions of the Code inapplicable in respect of all
D matters covered by such special law. It has also been indicated in the said
  decision that the distinction made in Section 475 of the Code between trial
  by a Court to which this Code applies and by a Court Martial conclusively
  indicates that Parliament intended to treat the Court Martial as a forum
  to the proceedings before which the provisions of the Code will have no
E application. It has also been held in the said decision that there is also
  intrinsic indication contained in the very wording of Section 428 of the
  Code that it cannot have any application in respect of persons tried and
  sentenced by Court Martial. There is no investigation conducted by any
  police officer under the Code or by any persons authorised by Magistrate
  in that behalf in the case of persons tried by the Court Martial. No inquiry
F
  is conducted under the Code by any Magistrate or Court in respect of
  offences committed by persons which are triec by the Court Martial. The
  trial is also not conducted by the Court Martial under the Code but only
  in accordance with the special procedure prescribed by the Army Act.
G There is, therefore, absolutely no scope for invoking the aid of Section 428
  of the Code of Criminal Procedure in respect of prisoners convicted by
  Court Martial under the Act. The decision of the Calcutta High Court
  rendered in the case of the respondent Anand Singh Bisht was expressly
  over-ruled in the said decision of Ajmer Singh's case (supra). We may
H indicate here that the decision made in Ajmer Sing/i's case (supra) has
                                U.O.I. v. AS. BISHT                          309

    subsequently been followed by-this Court in the case ofAjit Kumar v. Union      A
    of India a11d Others Etc., [1988] 2 SCR 40 and Bhuw11eshwar Si11gh v. U11io11
    of India and Others, [1993] 4 SCC 327. This appeal, therefore should be
<   dismissed.

          Mr. Amrish Kumar, the learned counsel appearing for the respon- B
    dent has however submitted before us that admittedly the respondent had
    undergone pre-trial detention for almost one year and even though he is
    not entitled to set off under Section 428 of the Criminal Procedure Code,
    as held by this Court, he is entitled to get compensation for such long
    detention at the pre-trial stage. In support of such contention, he has relied  c
    on the decision of this Court is Bhuwneshwar Singh's case (supra).
    Bhuwneshwar Singh was tried by the Court Martial under the Army Act
    and was convicted by the Court martial, but he was detained for more than
    three months as under-trial prisoner by the Army Authorities in violation
    of the mandate under Rule 27 of the Rules framed under the Army Act D
    and Rs. 1,000 was awarded by the trial court as compensation for such
    detention beyond the period of three months, without taking the approval
    of the Central Government under Rule 27 for keeping the under trial in
    detention exceeding three months. Considering the inadequacy of such
    compensation of Rs. 1,000, this Court enhanced such compensation in
    Bhuwneshwar Singh's case (supra).                                              E


          So far as the Border Security Force Act is concerned, there is no
    similar provision as in the Army Act and the rules framed thereunder, but
    under rule 39 of the Border Security Force Rules, a delay report is required
    to be furnished. Sub-rule (2) of Rule 39 provides that where the accused
                                                                                  F
    is kept under arrest for a period exceeding three months without being
    brought to trial, a special report regarding the action taken and the reasons
    for the delay shall be sent by the Commandant to the D!rector-General
    with a copy each to the Deputy Inspector-General and the Inspector-
    General concerned. there is no provision under the Border Security Force G
    Act or the Rules framed thereunder to get approval from the Central
    Government or by any higher authorities if the undertrial accused is kept
    in detention during the Court Martial proceedings exceeding three months.
    Only the delay report is required to be furnished. It is only desirable that
    suitable provision is made in the Act and The Rules requiring to take H
    310                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A approval from higher authorities if an undertrial member of the Border
    Security Force is to be detained for more than three months for good
    reasons, before conclusion of Court Martial proceedings as in the Army
    Act.

          We may also indicate here that the Army Act has been amended in
B
    1992 and Section 169-A has been incorporated in the Army Act which is
    a similar provision for set off under Section 428 of the Criminal Procedure
    Code. It will be appropriate to refer to the provisions of Section 169-A of
    Army Act:

c               "1690A, Period of custody 1111dergo11e by the officer or person to
            be set off against the impliso11me11t. - When a person or officer
            subject to this Act is sentenced by a court- martial to a term of
            imprisonment, not being an imprisonment in default of payment
            of fine, the period spent by him in civil or military custody during
D           investigation, inquiry or trial of the same case and before the date
            or order of such sentence, shall be set off against the term of
            imprisonment imposed upon him, and the liability of such person
            or officer to undergo imprisonment on such order of sentence shall
            be restricted to the remainder, if any, of the term of imprisonment
E           imposed upon him."

           The learned counsel appearing for the appellant-Union of India, on
    our enquiry, has not been able to apprise the Court as to whether there is
    any active consideration for incorporating similar provision in the Border
    Security Force Act, 1968. In our view, a provision similar to Section 428 of
F   the Criminal Procedure Code of Section 169-A of the Army Act should be
    incorporated in the Border Secmity Force Act so as to safeguard the
    interest of the undertrial accused in the Border Security Force, because a
    member of Border Security Force when subjected to Court Martial is not
    entitled to the benefit of Section 428 Criminal Procedure Code. It is only
G   desirable that such amendment should be made without delay.

          Mr. Amrish Kumar, the learned counsel for the respondent has
    submitted that although within the scope and ambit of this appeal, the
    prayer for compensation does not arise but in order to give complete
H   justice in the case, this Court can give direction for giving suitable com-
                           U.0.1. v. AS. BISIIT                        311

pensation to the respondent in exercise of the power under Article 142 of A
the Constitution of India. We have taken into consideration the justification
of such claim for compensation. But in the facts and circumstances of the
case, it appears to us that the respondent had made an application for
taking note of the mitigating circumstances in the matter of awarding
suitable punishment against him by indicating the period of detention as B
under trial accused before Court Martial. He was convicted under Section
307 of the Indian Penal Code and was awarded the sentence of imprison-
ment for <Only one year presumably by taking into consideration, the
mitigating circumstances. We may indicate here that for an offence under
Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code, imprisonment upto a period of ten
years can be given. Hence, we are not inclined to give any direction for
                                                                             c
monetary compensation for long detention as under trial accused.

       Mr. Atnrish has lastly submitted that the respondent had a brilliant
service record as a member of the Border Security Force. He had par-
ticipated in indo-China War in 1962 and also in the ludo-Pakistan War in D
1971. Mr. Kumar has submitted that the respondent did not cause injury
to the cadet Raj Kishore Singh intentionally, but as it has come out in the
evidence that both the said Raj Kishore Singh and the respondent Anand
Singh Bisht were intoxicated at the time of the incident and not being in
his full senses, the respondent had fired one shot from his rifle injuring the E
leg of the said cadet Raj Kishore Singh with whom he was quarelling for
a long time. We have looked into the records relating to the Court Martial
proceedings in this Case. It appears from the evidence given by the
prosecution witnesses in the Court Martial that the respondent Anand
Singh Bisht was otherwise quite friendly with Raj Kishore. They on the date F
of incident started quarelling. Sri Anand shouted to the cadet Raj Kishore
Singh to move away form him and he had also given warning that otherwise
Raj would be shot. It has also come out in evidence that Raj Kishore Singh
did not move away and even when the rifle was raised with finger in the
trigger Raj Kishore rather pressed the barrel and then he was shot at the
leg. The Officer-in-charge of the Camp where the incident had taken place, G
in his preliminary investigating report sent to the Commandant of the Unit
indicated that the Cadet Raj Kishore Singh and the respondent were in
best of terms and most likely he did not intend to shot at him but because
of the altercation he had fired one shot at the sour of the moment when
he must have lost his temper.                                                  H
    312                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A          Considering the aforesaid mitigating facts and also considering the
    fact that Sri Anand had suffered long detention as undertrial accused and
    has also suffered imprisonment at the Behrampur Central Jail in execution
    of the sentence for about six months, we feel that justice will be met if his
    sentence is reduced to the period already undergone. We or\)er according-
B   ly.

           The appeal is accordingly disposed of.

    G.N.                                                    Appeal disposed of.