AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL & ANR.versusSRI KANDASWAMY KOIL BY ITS EXECUTIVE OFFICER THIRUPORUR

                          [2015]2S.C.R. 740



               AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL&ANR.                                A
                                v.
 SRI KANDASWAMY KOil BY ITS EXECUTIVE OFFICER
                THIRUPORUR
                                                                     B
               (Civil Appeal No. 4021 of 2007)

                       MARCH 10, 2015

        [RANJAN GOGOi AND N.V. RAMANA, JJ.]                          C

Tamil Nadu Estates Land Act, 1908 - Tamil Nadu Estates
(Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948 - Grant
of patta - Claim of- Suit for declaration of title and recovery
of possession by plaintiff - Plaintiff claiming ownership by         D
 virtue ofpatta granted to it and defendants were either lessees/
sub-lessees of the plaintiff who stopped rendering services
to temple and did not pay rent- Defendant's case that they
acquired title to the properties by prescription; they were
permanent ryots under 1908 Act and suit properties are               E
included in an estate which was abolished under 1948 Act-
Dismissal of suit by trial court and first appellate court, since
plaintiff's case based on patta but the same was not exhibited
whereas rent receipts by defendants proved their case - High
Court set aside the order holding that the title and ownership       F
of the suit properties vested in plaintiff as Mirasidar - On
appeal, held: Issue before the High Court to be resolved on
more surer foundation - Order passed by the High Court set
aside - Matter remanded back for fresh decision on the               G
findings with regard to the title of the plaintiff on the basis of
Patta No. 1, whether the plaintiff was Mirasdar and, if so, the
extent of their rights and whether the suit properties were
included in an estate under the 1908 Act conferring the
defendants the status of occupancy ryots.                            H
                                740
741         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2015) 2 S.C.R.


 A           Allowing tile appeals, the Court

              HELD: 1.1 The plaintiff's case was based on Patta
       No.1, which was not exhibited. According to the
      respondent-plaintiff, Exhibit A-21 which is a Land
 B    Resettlement Register establishes the grant of the said
      Patta No.1 in favour of the plaintiff. It does not throw any
      further light on the nature and extent of the rights
      conferred on the plaintiff by Patta No.1. There is also no
      oral evidence on record to explain the same. In such a
 C    situation, the materials on record do not permit any
      conclusive determination of the title of the plaintiff on
      the basis of Patta No.1. As the existence of Patta No. 1
      had been proved but the nature of the rights under the
      Patta was not clear, one cannot find any fault with the
 0
      exercise undertaken by the High Court to determine the
      claims of the parties on the basis of preponderance of
      probabilities and in this regard by seeking to examine
      the status of the plaintiff as Mirasidar. However, the High
 E    Court appears to have acted a little hastily in accepting
      the status of the plaintiff as Mirsadars solely on the basis
      of the description contained in the rent receipts and
      further in accepting the position that as Mirsadars the
      plaintiff had been vested with title to the suit land without
 F    there being any evidence of such status (Mirasdar) of
      the plaintiff, the nature and extent of the right held and
      enjoyed by the plaintiff, even if its status as Mirasdar is
      assumed. [Para-10] [747-F-H; 748-A-C, G-H]

 G 1.2 As regards as the question raised by the defendants
   with regard to the suit land being included in an estate
   under the Tamil Nadu Estates Land Act, 1908, the High
   Court had not given any specific finding in this regard
   but proceeded to answer on the basis that the rent
 H
  AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL v. SRI KANDASWAMY KOil               742
          BY ITS EXECUTIVE OFFICER

receipts issued were printed both for 'TR' village and 'TN' A
village and that 'TN'. village was lnam estate which was
taken over under the Tamil Nadu Estates (Abolition and
Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948. On the said, the High
Court concluded that the abolition of the estate under
the 1948 Act was not proved by the defendants. Even if B
the said was not proved, ifthe suit land is included in an
estate under the 1908 Act and the defendants were
tenants under the plaintiff the same would confer certain
specific rights on the defendants under Section 6 of the C
1908 Act. Such rights which would flow from their status
as occupancy tenants would entitle the defendants to
remain in possession with heritable and transferable
right in respect of the land. The issue before the High
Court therefor~ ·needed to be resolved on surer o
foundation than what has been done. [Paras 11,12] [749-
A-E]

1.3 The findings with regard to the title of the plaintiff on
the basis of Patta No.1 whether the plaintiff was Mirasdar E
and, if so, the extent of their rights and whether the suit
properties were included in an estate under the 1908
conferring the defendants the status of occupancy ryots,
require fresh determination. Therefore the order of the
High Court is set aside and the matter is remanded for F
fresh decision on the said issues. [Para 13] [749-F-H]

  Ramalinga Mudali and another vs. T.S. Ramasami
  AwarAIR 1929 Madras 529; C.N. Varadappan vs. The
  State of Madras represented by the Collector of          G
  Chingleput at Saidapet, Madras and others 1963 (1)
  MLJ 405 - referred to.

                 Case Law Reference
                                                           H
      AIR 1929 Madras 529        Referred to. Para 7
743          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2015] 2 S.C.R.


 A           1963 (1) MLJ 405              Referred to. Para 7

      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4021
      of2007

 B    From the Judgment and Order dated 29.01.2007 of the High
      Court of Madras in Second Appeal No. 544 of 1994



      Civil Appeal Nos. 4590 of 2007 and 738 of 2008
 c
   Jaideep Gupta, K. Ramamoorthy, S. Gowthaman (for Mis.
   Mahalakshmi Balaji &Co.), K. S. Mahadevan, Krishna Kumar
   R. S., Rajesh Kumar, A. T. M. Sampath, T. S. Shanthi, V.
   Adhimoolam, Shilp Vinod, C. R. K. Lenin Sekar, S. Gowthaman
 D (for M/s. Keswani & Co.), P. V. Yogeswaran, for the Appearing
   parties.

             The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

 E           RANJAN GOGOi, J. 1. These three appeals seek to
      challenge the common order of the High Court of Judicature
      at Madras dated 29th January, 2007 passed in Second Appeal
      Nos. 543 to 545 of 1994 by which the decree of the dismissal
      of the suits filed by the plaintiff has been reversed by the High
 F    Court.

      2. We have heard the learned counsels for the parties.

   3. The common case of the plaintiff as pleaded in the suits
 G filed is that the plaintiff is the owner of the suit properties by
   virtue of Patta No.1 granted to it and that the defendants are
   either lessees unqer the plaintiff or sub-lessees/sub-assignees
   under the lessees of the plaintiff. According to the plaintiff, the
   defendants had stopped rendering service to the temple and
 H had also not paid the rent due. Instead they had set up title to
  AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL v. SRI KANDASWAMY KOil 744
    BY EXECUTIVE OFFICER [RANJAN GOGOi, J.]

the suit properties. The leases were accordingly terminated          A
by issuing notices under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property
Act. Thereafter, the suits for declaration of title and recovery
of possession were instituted.

4. The defendants in each of the suit contested the case of          B
the plaintiff and filed their written statements. According to the
defendants, the suit properties belonged to them by inheritance;
the plaintiff is not the owner thereof. In any case, according to
the.defendants, they had acquired title to the suit properties
by prescription on account of their long possession. The             C
defendants had filed additional written statements in each of
the case contending that they were permanent ryots under the
Tamil Nadu Estates Land Act, 1908 (hereinafter referred to as
"the 1908 Act") and that the suit properties are included in an
                                                                     0
estate which was abolished under the Tamil Nadu Estates
(Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948 (hereinafter
referred to as "the 1948 Act"). Hence, according to the
defendants, the pla!ntiff had no locus to institute the suits in
question.                                                            E

5. The learned trial Court, as also the first appellate Court,
took the view that Patta No.1 on the basis of which the plaintiff
had claimed title had not been exhibited. Thereafter, the
learned trial Court and the first appellate Court went into the F
case pleaded by the defendants and held that the rent receipts
issued by the plaintiff to the defendants (Exhibits 84, 85 to
88, 812 to 822 and 827 to 837) establish that the suit
properties were an estate under the 1908Act and further that
by virtue of the 1948 Act the said estate stood abolished. On G
this additional ground also the learned trial Court as well as
the first appellate Court decided against the plaintiff.

6. The High Court in Second Appeal framed the following
substantial questions of law for adjudication.                       H
745          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2015] 2 S.C.R.


 A

               "(1)   Whether the finding that Thiruporur is an
                      estate taken over under Act 26/48 is
                      based on no evidence?
 B
               (2)     Whether patta holders under
                      EKABOGAM Mirasidar can claim title
                      to the lands?

               (3)    Whether the defendants can claim title
 c                    by prescription?"



      7. In answering the· aforesaid questions the High Court
 D    admittedly did not deal with the rights of the plaintiff under the
      Patta as claimed i.e. Patta No.1. Instead, the High Court relying
      on the rent receipts issued by the plaintiff wherein the plaintiff
      had described itself as EKABOGAM Mirasidar proceeded to
      determine the status of Mirasidars and the special incidents
 E    of mirasi tenures relying on its own decision rendered in
      Ramalinga Mudali and another vs. T.S. Ramasami Avvar
      [AIR 1929 Madras 529] and C.N. Varadappan vs. The State
      of Madras represented by the Collector of Chingleput at
 F    Saidapet. Madras and others [1963 (1) MLJ 405]. On such
      consideration, the High Court came to the conclusion that the
      title and ownership of the suit properties vested in the plaintiff
      as a Mirasidar. The claim of the defendants to being permanent
      ryots under the 1908 Act on the basis of the rent receipts issued
 G    under Section 63 of the said Act was negatived by the High
      Court on the ground that the said receipts were printed receipts
      also covering another village which was a lnam village. Insofar
      as the 1948 Act (Abolition Act) is concerned, the High Court
      took the view that the notification required to be published under
 H
  AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL v. SRI KANDASWAMY KOil                          746
   BY EXECUTIVE OFFICER [RANJAN GOGOi, J.]

Section 1(4) of the 1948Actwas not brought on record by the          A
defendants; neither the follow up steps as required under
Sections 11 and 16 had been proved by the defendants.
Accordingly it was held that the defendants had failed to prove
that the 1948Act had any application. Similarly, on finding
that the evidence on record failed to establish the continuous       B
possession of the dE;ifendants, the claim of acquisition of title
by prescription as set up by the defendants was dismissed.

8. Shri Jaideep Gupta, learned Senior Counsel appearing for
the appellants in Civil Appeal No. 738 of 2008, has strenuously C
 urged that Patta No.1 on the basis of which the plaintiff had
claimed title not having been proved the High Court ought not
to have proceeded to consider the defendants' case at all. In
any view of the matter, even the adjudication of the defendants'
                                                                 0
plea is vitiated by apparent illegalities inasmuch as the rent
receipts issued by the plaintiff to the defendants were under
Section 63 of the 1908Act. The said fact by itself, according
to the learned counsel, had proved that the suit properties were
included in an estate under the 1908 Act. Shri Gupta has further E
urged that even if the defendants can be understood not to
have proved the abolition of the estate under the 1948Act, the
defendants had acquired the status of occupancy ryots under
the 1908 Act which vested in them a permanent right of
occupancy besides heritable and transferable rights to the land. F
The above arguments have been adopted by the learned
counsel for the appellants in the two other appeals under
consideration.

9. Opposing, Shri K. Ramamoorthy, learned Senior Counsel             G
appearing for the respondent-plaintiff, has urged thatthe Patta
No.1 being a century old document could not have been
legitimately placed before the Court as an exhibit in the case.
Shri Ramamoorthy, in this regard, has drawn the attention of
                                                                     H
747         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2015] 2 S.C.R.


 A the Court to ExhibitA-21, the ThiruporurVillage Resettlement
    Register, which, according to him, would establish the
   existence of Patta No.1 in favour of the respondent-plaintiff.
   Shri Ramamoorthy by relying on the decision in Rama/inga
    Mudali and another VS. rs. Ramasami Ayyar [AIR 1929
 B Madras 1929] has urged that under the land tenures
   legitimized during the British regime the plaintiff acquired the
   status of Mirasidar which vested ownership rights in the suit
   land in favour of the plaintiff. Insofar as the applicability of the
 C 1908 Act is concerned, Shri Ramamoorthy has drawn the
   attention of the Court to the findings recorded in this regard by
   the High Court. It is contended that the rent receipts were issued
   in a printed format both for Thiruporur Village as well as for
   Thandalam village and the latter village was lnam estate. No
 o positive conclusion, therefore, can be drawn with regard to
   the status of the defendants under the 1908Act. In any case,
   according to Shri Ramamoorthy, the defendants had failed to
   establish that the estate, even if assumed to exist, was
   abolished under the 1948 Act.
 E
   10. The plaintiff's case was based on Patta No.1. Admittedly,
   the said Patta was not exhibited. According to the respondent-
   plaintiff, Exhibit A-21 establishes the grant of the aforesaid
   Patta No.1 in favo"ur of the plaintiff. We have perused the said
 F exhibit which is a Land Resettlement Register. Undoubtedly,
   the said exhibit, interalia, shows that Patta No.1 is in favour of
   Singaravelu Mudali Manager for the time being of Sri
   Kandaswamiyar Devasthanam. Beyond the above, Exhibit
   A-21 does notthrow any further light on the nature and extent
 G of the rights conferred on the plaintiff by Patta No.1. There is
   also no oral evidence on record to explain the nature of the
   rights granted under Patta No.1. In such a situation, the
   materials on record do not permit any conclusive determination
 H of the title of the plaintiff on the basis of Patta No.1. As the
  AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL v. SRI KANDASWAMY KOil                         748
    BY EXECUTIVE OFFICER [RANJAN GOGOi, J.]

existence of Patta No. 1 had been proved but the nature of the A
rights under the Patta was not clear, one cannot find any fault
with the exercise undertaken by the High court to determine
the claims of the parties on the basis of preponderance of
probabilities and in this regard by seeking to examine the status
of the plaintiff as Mirasidar. However, the High Court appears. B
to have acted a little hastily in accepting the status of the plaintiff
as Mirsadars solely on the basis of the description contained
in the rent receipts and further in accepting the position that as
Mirsadars the plaintiff had been vested with title to the suit C
land. In C.N. VaradaPPan vs. The State of Madras represented
by the Collector of Chingleput at Saidapet. Madras and others
(1963 (1) MLJ 405] it was held and in our opinion correctly that
a mere recital in a document that a person was a ekabogam
mirasdar or the mere fact that he was the sole owner of kaniachi     o
manyam at a given time would not necessarily show that he
was the owner of the entire kudiwaram in the village at the
time of a shrotriem grant to him. The meaning of all such
expressions have been clearly elaborated in the judgment of
the High Court and would not need a recital again. Furthermore, E
a reading of the judgment in Ramalinga Mudali and another
vs. T.S. Ramasami Ayyar(supra) would go to show that the
status of Mirasdar differs from village to village and the exact
status of a Mirasdar is best determined on the basis of the
evidence that may c.ome on record. In the present case, the F
High Court proceeded to recognize the status of the plaintiff
as a Mirasdar and the right/title of the plaintiff to the suit land
on that basis without there being any evidence of such status
(Mirasdar) of the plaintiff the nature and extent of the right held G
and enjoyed by the plaintiff, even if its status as Mirasdar is
assumed.

11. Insofar as the question raised by the defendants with regard
to the suitland being included in an estate under the 1908Act        H
749         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2015] 2 S.C.R.


 A    is concerned, we find that the High Court had not given any
      specific finding in this regard but has proceeded to answer
      the question from an entirely different standpoint, namely, that
      the rent receipts issued were printed both for Thiruporur Village
      and Thandalam village and that Thandalam village was lnam
 B    estate which was taken over under the 1948 Act. On the above
      basis, the High Court had concluded thatthe abolition of the
      estate under the 1948 Act was not proved by the defendants.

      12. Even ifthe abolition of the estate under the 1948Act had
 C    not been proved by the defendants, if the suit land is included
      in an estate under the 1908 Act and the defendants were
      tenants under th·e plaintiff the same would confer certain
      specific rights on the defendants under Section 6 of the 1908
      Act. Such rights which would flow from their status as
 0
      occupancy tenants would entitle the defendants to remain in
      possession with heritable and transferable right in respect of
      the land. The issue before the High Court therefore needed to
      be resolved on more surer foundation that what has been done.

 E 13. The foregoing discussions lead us to the conclusion that
   the findings with regard to the title of the plaintiff on the basis
   of Patta No.1 (ExhibitA-21 ); whether the plaintiff was Mirasdar
   and, if so, the extent of their rights and further whether the suit
 F properties were included in an estate under the 1908
   conferring the defendants the status of occupancy ryots; all
   would require a fresh determination. In the above situation it
   will not be proper·and appropriate to maintain the findings of
   the High Court as recorded in the impugned order. We,
 G therefore, set aside the order of the High Court and remand
   the matter for fresh decision on the issues indicated above.
   The High Court, if it so requires, may permit the parties to
   adduce additional evidence for the purpose of full and
   complete adjudication of the issues indicated in the present
 H
  AMBIKAPATHI AMMAL v. SRI KANDASWAMY KOil                         750
    BY EXECUTIVE OFFICER [RANJAN GOGOi, J.]

order. Consequently and in the light of the discussion that has     A
preceded, we allow these appeals to the extent indicated
above.

Nidhi Jain                                      Appeals allowed.
                                                                     B




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