B. H. KHAWASversusUNION OF INOIA & OTHERS

                        [2016] 3 S.C.R. 773


                         B. H. KHAWAS                                  A
                                V.

                 UNION OF !NOIA & OTHERS
                  (Civil Appeal No. 9182of2012)
                        AUGUST 12, 2016                                B

 [ADARSH KUMAR GOEL AND A.M. KHANWILKAR, JJ.)
      Service Lm1' - Termination of provisional appoinlment prior lo
confirmation - Validily - Appellant provisionally appointed against
post reserved for Scheduled Tribe, subject to verification of caste
cert!fica/e - Caste Cert!flcate Scruliny Committee opined /hat
                                                                       c
appellant did not belong to "Halba" Scheduled Tribe as claimed
by him, but belonged lo cas/e "Koshti" which was not a Scheduled
Tribe - Accordingly, department terminated the appointment of
appellant on ground /hat he did no/ belong lo Scheduled Tribe -
Held: Appointment of appellant was provisional and subject to          D
verification of his caste claim of Halba, through proper channel -
Appoinlment in terms of lhe appointment let/er, was to a temporary
{'Ost and was so treated by the department and thus was not final -
Nothing brought on record by the appellant to show that his post
1vas treated as c011firmed by the department before issuance of
                                                                       E
termination order -High Court right in restoring the termination
orde1:
     Dismissing the appeal, the Court
     HELD: 1.1 The moot question in the present case is:
whether the subject appointment of the appellant to the post of        F
"Chemical Examiner" in Customs and Central Excise
Department has in fact become final? Unlike the confirmed
appointment of the appellant to the post of Assistant Chemist, in
the Geological Survey of India, his appointment to the post of
"Chemical Examiner" in the Customs and Central Excise
Department was provisional and subject to verification of his          G
caste claim of "Halba". It was not treated as final by the
Department till the impugned termination order was issued.
Nothing has been brought on record by the appellant to show
that his appointment on that post was in fact treated as confirmed
                                                                       H
                                773
774           SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [2016] 3 S.C.R ..



A     by the con<;.erned Department, before issuing the impugned order
      of termination. [Para 9) [780-D-F)
            l.2. Admittedly, the appellant was appointed to the post of
      Chemical Examiner in the Customs and Central Excise
      Department, pursuant to the appointment letter. Condition No.
B     (vii) therein unambiguously mentioned that as the appointment
      of the appellant was against the post reserved for Scheduled
      Tribes, it was provisional and subject to verification of his caste
      certificate through a proper channel. The caste certificate of the
      appellant was already under scrutiny in terms of reference made
      by the Controller General, of the Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur,
c     where the appellant was appointed in similar manner on the post
      reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Appointment of the appellant as
      Chemical Examiner Grade-I in Customs and Central Excise
      Department in terms of appointment letter, was to a temporary
      post, on provisional basis and subject to verification of his caste
D     certificate through a proper channel. [Para 10) [780-H; 781-A-D]
            State of Maharashtra vs. Mi/ind and Others (2001) 1
            SC<; 4: 2000 (5) Suppl. SCR 65 - distinguished.
            Kavita Solu~1ke· v. State of Maharashtra and Ors. (2012)
            8 $CC 430 : 2012 (7) SCR 251; Shalini v. New English ,.
 E          High School Association and Others (2013) 16 SCC
            526 : 2013 (12) SCR 807; R. Unnikrishnan and Another
            v. T(K. Kahanudevan and Others (2014) 4 SCC 434 :_,
            2014 (1) SCR 350 - held inapplicable.         ·
            Union of India v. Dattatray s/o Namdeo ¥endhekar &
 F          Ors. (2008) 4 SCC 612 : 2008 (2) SCR 1096 - referred
            to.
           1.3 Appellant not entitled for any relief on the finding that
      his appointment as Chemical Examiner in the Customs and
      Central Excise Department had not attained finality. The Scrutiny
G     Committee had. unambiguously held that the appellant does n,ot
      belo.Pg to ."Halba" community, a notified Scheduled Tribe in
      Maharashtra. High Court was right in allowing the writ petition
      filed by the Department restoring the termination order. (Para
      13) (782-E, GJ
H
         B.H.KHAWAS v. UNION OF INDIA & OTHERS                                  775



                         Case Law Reference                                     A
   2000 (S) Suppl. SCR 6S          distinguished             Paras
   2008 (2) SCR 1096                referred to              Paras
   2012 (7) SCR 2Sl                 held inapplica hie       Para 6
   2013 (12 ) SCR 807               held inapplicable        Para6               B
   2014 (1) SCR 350                 held inapplicable        Para6
     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 9182 of
2012.
     From the Judgment and Order dated 08.02.2012 of the High Court              C
of Judicature at Bombay in the Writ Petition No. 7101 of2005.
    Rakesh K. Khanna, Sr. Adv., Aseem Mehrotra, Mrs. (Dr.) Rashmi
Khanna, Ms. Shefali Jain, Ms. Anandita, Ms. Preeja Nair, Rajesh Prasad
Singh, Ad vs. for the Appellants.
     Yashank Adhiyaru, Sr. Adv., Raj iv Nanda, Ms. Rekha Pandey, B.              D
K. Prasad, Advs. for the Respondents.
     The Judgment of the Cou11 was delivered by
      A.M. KHANWILKAR, J. 1. This appeal .challenges the judgment
of the Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Writ          E
Petition No. 7101 of 1005 dated B'" February 2012. The High Court
reversed the decision of the Central Administrative Tribunal, Bombay
Bench at Mumbai in OA No. 419 of2004, dated 3rct March, 2005. The
Tribunal had allowed the original application filed by the appellant whilst
setting aside the termination order dated 81" June, 2004 and instead had
directed the respondents to re-instate the appellant in service.                 F

     2. Briefly stated, the appellant was appointed as "Chemical
Examiner Grade-I" in the Customs and Central Excise Department in
the pay scale of Rs. 3000-100-3500-125-4500, vide appointment letter
dated 161" June, 1995, subjectto fulfilling te11115 and conditions 1nentioned
herein. As the appellant was appointed against the vacancy reserved for          G
Scheduled Tribe, Condition (vii) of the said Appointment Letter is of
some relevance. It reads thus:-
       "(vii). In case you belong to Scheduled Caste/Tribe, the
       appointment is provisional and is subject to verification of
       Scheduled Caste/Tribe certificate through proper channels                 H
776            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2016) 3 S.C.R.


A           and if on verification, your claim to belong to Scheduled Caste
            or Scheduled Tribe, as the case may be, is found to be false.
            vour services will be terminated forthwith without assigning
            anv reason and without prejudice to such .fiirther action that
            may be taken under the lndian penal Code for production of
            false cert(ficate."
B
                                                          (emphasis supplied)
             3. Before joining the post of Chemical Examiner in the Customs
      and Central Excise Department on 21 ''November. 1995, the appellant
      had worked in other Departments of the Government of India; 011 being
c     selected through the Union Public Service Commission, to the post of
      "Senior Technical Assistant .. in the Indian Bureau of Mines from
      14.02.1985 to 12.05.1986; as an ''Assistant Chemist (Group B Gazetted)"
      in the Geological Survey of India between 15 .05.1986 to 31 .05 .1989; as
      "Chemist (Groups A Gazetted)" in the Indian Bureau of Min es between
      05.06.1989 up to 12.04.1994; and as "Deputy Director (Ind. Hygiene)"
D     in the Directorate General Factory Advice Services and Labour Institutes
      from 13 .04.1994 to 10.11 .1995. The appellant was declared confirmed
      in the grade of "Assistant Chemist" w.e.f. 15 .05 .1988 vi de notification
      dated 05.05.1995. All these appointments were made against the
      Scheduled Tribe reserved category. However. lastly. the appellant joined
 E    the Customs and Central Excise Depa1tment as ·'Chemical Examiner
      Grade I"', from 21 "November. 1995 pursuant to appointment order dated
       16'" June, 1995. He was working on that post till his services were
      terminated vide order dated 8111 June. 2004. consequent to the decision of
      the Caste Certificate Scrutiny Committee -- that the appellant belonged
      to caste "Koshti". which is not a Scheduled Tribe in the State of
 F    Maharashtra.
            4. When the appellant was appointed in the Indian Bureau of Mines.
      as Chemist in Group A. the said Department vi de letter dated 13'1 January,
      1989 had referred his case for Caste Certificate scrutiny to the Caste
      Certificate Scrutiny Committee, Nngpur. The Scrutiny Committee after
G     due enquiry answered the reference vide order dated 16'" January, 200 I.
      It found that the appellant belongs to Caste "Koshti". which is not a
      Scheduled Tribe. That decision of the Scrutiny Committee was challenged
      by the appellant by way of a Writ Petition No. 3 76 of 2001, before the
      High Cowt of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench at Nagpur. as having
 H
      been passed in violation of procedural compliances. That contention
             B.H.KHAWAS v. UNION OF INDIA & OTHERS                            777
                       [A.M. KHANWILKAR, J.]

commended to the High Court, as a result of which the decision of the          A
Scrutiny Committee was quashed and set aside and the matter was
remanded to the Scrutiny Committee for redetermination of the claim
afresh. After fresh enquiry in terms of the High Court decision, vide
order dated I O•h February, 2003, the Scrutiny Committee finally opined
as follows:-
                                                                               B
          " After considering all the documents and.facts & in exercise
          of the powers vested vide Government Resolution,
          Corrigendum and Maharashtra Act quoted in the preamble
          at Sr. No. I to 3 above. the Caste Scrutiny Committee has come
          to the conclusion that Shri Bhojraj Haribahu Khawas does
          not belong to the Halba. Scheduled Tribe and as such his
                                                                               c
          claim towards the same is held invalid. And hLv caste Certificate
          of his belonging to "Halba ", Scheduled Tribe granted by the
          Executive Magistrate, Nagpur Vide R.C. No.181/MRC-81181/
          82, dated 14.9.81 is hereby cancelled."
       5. On receipt of the said order of the Caste Certificate Scrutiny       D
 Committee, the appellant made representations to the Chairman, Central
 Board of Excise and Customs on 20.01.2004 and 21.0 I .2004. The
 substance of the representations was founded on the caste certificate
 issued by the Executive Magistrate, dated 14'" September, 1986, which,
 the appellant asse1ied was obtained bona- fide and in good faith on the       E
 basis of the school record indicating that the appellant belongs to Caste
 "Halba", a notified Scheduled Tribe in Maharashtra. The appellant fi.niher
 asserted that he did not furnish false information of his caste; and more
·so the question whether or not "Koshti" caste belongs to "Ha Iba"
 Scheduled Tribe was subject matter of immense debate and was
 conclusively answered by the Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court          F
 in the case of State of Maharashtra vs. Milind and Othcrs 1, decided
 on November 28, 2000. The appellant thus contended that his appointment
 already made on the basis of the caste certificate issued prior to that
 decision was protected even in terms of the dictum of the Constitution
 Bench in Milind's case. This stand of the appellant, however, did not         G
 find favour with the Department. The Government oflnclia, Ministry of
 Finance, Depa1iment of Revenue, New Delhi instead issued an Office
 Order No. F.No.A-12026/7 /91-Ad.ll-B, elated S•h June. 2004, cancelling
 the appointment of the appellant on the ground that the appellant does
 1
     r2001) 1 sec .1                                                           1-1
778             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2016] 3 S,C.R.



A     not belong to Scheduled Tribe. This decision was the subject matter of
      challenge before the Central Administrative Tribunal by way of Original
      Application No. 491 of2004. The Tribunal acceded to the contention of
      the appel !ant that the appointment made prior to the decision in M ii ind 's
      case will have to be protected. The objection of the respondents that
      the oQservation of the Constitution Bench in Milind's case was not
B
      applicable to "appointments" was rejected. The Tribunal noted that, in a
      large number of cases, the Bombay High C(lurt has protected the
      appointments of persons belonging to caste "Koshti" following the dictum
      of the Constitution Bench in Milind's case. Accordingly, the Tribunal
      allowed the original application and directed re-instatement of the
c     appellant in service by setting aside the order of termination. The
      operative order of the Tribunal reads thus:
             "On the whole, Jlle think that applicant has to he given similar
             benefit as has been given by the Hon 'hie High Court of
             Bombay in a number of cases. We direct the respondems to
D            reinstate the applicant as his services were terminated only
             on the limited ground of his not belonging to' Halba SIT
             Community. The order dated 8.6.2004 is quashed and set
             aside. We, however. make it clear that neither the applicant
             nor his children ll'ill claim any fitrther benefit available to a
             SIT candidate and they shall he treated as belonging to Open
E            Category It is also clarified that the respondents are free to
             take any action against the applicant regarding his service
             for any other reasons than his not belonging to Ha/ha SIT
             community. "
            Against this decision, the Department filed a writ petition before
F     the High t:ourt, being Writ Petition No. 7101 of2005. The Division Bench
      of the Bombay High Court, relying on the decision of three Judges'
      Bench of this Collli in the case of Union of India vis. Dattatray s/o
      Namdco Mendhekar and Ors2, allowed the writ petition and restored
      the termination order dated 8'h June, 2004. The appellant has, therefore,
G     approached this Court by way of present appeal.
           6. The principal argument of the appellaM is that the decision of the
      Constitution Bench in Milind's case itself protects all appointments which
      have become final. The decision of the three Judges' Bench relied by

H     '(2008) 4 sec 612
            B.H.KHAWAS v. UNION OF INDIA & OTHERS                                 779
                      [A.M. KHANWILKAR, J.]
                         ,
  the High Court in the impugned judgment has been considered and                 A
  explained in the subsequent decisions in the case ofKavita Solunke v/
  s State of Maharashtra and Ors.3, Shalini v/s New English High
  School Association and Others' and in R. Unnikrishnan and
  Another v/s V.K. Kahanudevan and Others 5 • According to the
  appellant, following the consistent view of this Court, the appointment,
                                                                                   B
  even in the case of the appellant, should be protected. For, the claim of
  the appellant was not a false claim, but a bona fide claim founded on
  the entries in the school record and the certificate issued by the Executive
  Magistrate. It is not a case of false or dishonest claim set up by the
  appellant; or for that matter fa~rication of records or reliance placed on
  fraudulent caste certificate.                                                    c
        7. Per contra, the respondents contend that the principle stated in
  the subsequent decisions of this Court will be ofno avail to the appellant.
  In that, the appel Iant was appointed on a provisional basis and subject to
  verification of his caste certificate through a proper channel. The Caste
  Certificate Scrutiny Committee having finally considered the.factual             D
  position and opined that the appellant does not belong to caste" Halba",
  a notified Scheduled Tribe but belongs to caste "Koshti", was not entitled
  to continue on the post reserved for Scheduled Tribes.
        8. Before we proceed further, it would be apposite to reproduce
  the relevant portion from the decision of the Constitution Bench, in Milind's    E
  case which is the fulcrum for claiming protection by the appellant. In
  paragraph 38, in that decision, the Comt observed thus:-
         "38. Respondent 1 joined (he medical course for the year
         1985-86. Almost 15 years have passed by, now. We are told
         he has already completed the course and maybe he is                       F
         practicing as a doctor. In this view and at this length of time
         it is for nobody s benefit to annual his admission. Huge
         amount is spent on each candidate for completion of medical
         course. No doubt, one Scheduled Tribe candidate was
         deprived of joining medical course by the admission given to
         Respondent 1. If any action is taken against Respondent 1, it             G
         may lead to d~priving the service of a doctor to the society
         on whom public money has already been spent. In these
.- '(2012) s sec 430
   • (2013) 16 sec 526
   '(2014) 4 sec 434                                                               H
780            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [20 I 6) 3 S.C.R.



A            circumstances, this judgment shall not affect the degree
             obtained by him and his practicing as a doctor. But we make
             it clear that he cannot clai111 to belong to the Scheduled Tribe
             covered by the Scheduled Tribes Order. Jn other words, he
             cannot take advantage of the Scheduled Tribes Order any
             further or for any other constitutional purpose. Having regard
 B
          ···to the passage of ti111e, in the given circumstances, including
             interim orders passed by this Court in SLP (C) No. 16372 of
             1985 and other related matters, we 111ake it clear that the
             admissions and appoint111ents that have beco111e final, shall
             remain unaffected by this judgment. "
 c                                                        (emphasis supplied)
            The last sentence in this paragraph is crucial. The Court made it
      clear that the admissions and appointments that have "become final"
      shall remain unaffected, by its judgment.

 D         9. The moot question in the present case is: whether the subject
     appointment of the appellant to the post of "Chemical Examiner" in
     Customs and Central Excise Department has in fact become final?
     Unlike the appointment of the appellant to the post of Assistant Chemist,
     in the Geological Survey oflndia, was confirmed in terms ofNotification
     No. I 225 B/ A-31013/Asstt. Chemist/95-19C, dated 5.5.1995 with effect
·E from 15 1h May, 1988, his appointment to the post of"Chemical Examiner"
     in the Customs and Central Excise Department with which we are
     concerned was provisional and subject to verification of his caste claim
     of"Halba". It was nottreated as final by the Department till the impugned
     termination order was issued. Nothing has been brought to our notice by
 F the appellant to show that his appointment on that post was in fact treated
   · as confirmed by the concerned Department, before issuing the impugned
     order oftennination. Had it been a case of termination from the post of
     "Assistant Chemist", on which the appellant was confirmed by the
     concerned Department, the argument canvassed by the appellant would
     have assumed some significance and could be tested with reference to
 G the recent decisions of this Court pressed into service by the appellant.
            10. Admittedly, the appellant was appointed to the post of Chemical
      Examiner in the Customs and Central Excise Depa11ment, where he
      joined on 24 1h November, 1995, pursuantto the appointment letter bearing
      No. F.No.A-12026/7/91-AD.Il-B, dated l 61h June, 1995. Condition No.
 H    (vii) therein unambiguously mentions that as the appointment of the
         B.H.KHAWAS v. UNION OF INDIA & OTHERS                                  781
                   [A.M. KHANWILKAR, J.]

appellant was against the post reserved for Scheduled Tribes, it was             A
provisional and subject to verification of his caste certificate through a
proper channel. The caste certificate of the appellant was already under
scrutiny in terms of reference made by the Controller General, of the
Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur, where the appellant was appointed in
similar manner on the post reserved for Scheduled Tribes. The mere
                                                                                 B
fact that the Scrutiny Committee was not able to complete the enquiry
on the question of validity of caste certificate, before the appellant
resigned from the services of the Indian Bureau of Mines and joined
another Department of Government of India, that would not extricate
the appellant from the requirement of verification of his caste claim of
"Halba", a notified Scheduled Tribe in Maharashtra. For, the appointment         c
of the appellant as Chemical Examiner Grade-I in Customs and Central
Excise Department in terms of Appointment Letter Dated I 61h June,
1995 (Annexure Pl 0), was to a temporary post, on provisional basis and
subject to verification of his caste certificate through a proper channel.
In such a case, the principle expounded in the decisions relied by the
                                                                                 D
appellant will have no application.
       I I.In the case of Kavita Solunke (supra), it was not in dispute
that the appellant had satisfactorily completed the period of probation
and was confirmed in service as an Assistant Teacher in due course.
Enquiry in respect of her caste claim was insisted upon "after a decade"
from her initial appointment, obviously after the decision in Milind's case.     E
The Court held that the appointment of the appellant having attained
finality could not be disturbed. Indeed, the Court noted that there was
nothing to indicate that the caste certificate of the appellant was false,
fabricated or manipulated by concealment or otherwise. That observation
is in the context of the matter in issue before the Court, for passing an        F
order in equity. Even in the next case, in Shalini (supra) which follo,vs
the dictum in Kavita's case, it is seen that the appointment of the appellant
as an Assistant Teacher had attained finality as she was in service since
61h November, 1981 and confirmed w.e.f. 1" January, 1984, for which
the Court held that the same should not be disturbed. Similarly, in the
case of Unnikrishnan and Another (supra), the Court was dealing                  G
with the matter where the ca~te claim was already made subject matter
of challenge before the Court and was upheld. It was a case where a
judicial order passed inter partes had become final on that issue. In that
case, the caste claim enquiry was insisted because of the subsequent
Presidential Order excluding the concerned caste from the entry notified         H
782             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2016] 3 S.C.R.



A     under notification dated 31"August2007. The Court, inter alia, opined
      that it was not open to reconsider the settled judicial pronouncement on
      the caste claim inter partes.
            12. In none of the cases pressed into service by the appellant, the
      appointment, as in this case, was on provisional basis and subject to
B     verification of caste certificate through proper channel. It necessarily
      follows that the principle expounded in the three decisions referred to
      above, can have no application to the case on hand. Indubitably, ifthe
      argument of the appellant was accepted, it would inevitably mean that
      all appointments made before 28.11.2000 must be protected even though
      it had not become final. That would also mean that all caste certificates
c     issued to persons belonging to "Koshti" community, as being "Halba"
      Scheduled Tribe in Maharashtra, prior to November 28, 2000 (the day
      on which Milind's case was decided by the Constitution Bench), have
      been validated irrespective of the opinion of the Scrutiny Committee qua
      those certificates. That cannot be countenanced. For, caste "Koshti" is
D     neither a synonym nor part of a notified Scheduled Tribe "Halba" in
      Maharashtra.
            13. Considering the above, the appellant is not entitled for any relief
      on the finding that his appointment as Chemical Examiner in the Customs
      and Central Excise Department vide appointment letter dated 16 1h June,
E     1995 had not attained finality. Notably, the Caste Certificate Scrutiny
      Committee has finally answered the factum of caste claim of the appellant
      on the basis of relevant material, which is indicative of the fact that in
      the relevant official record pertaining to even the close relatives of the
      appellant (grandfather and uncle), the caste recorded is "Koshti" and
      occupation shown as weaving separately. The appellant has allowed
      that decision of the Caste Certificate Scrutiny Committee dated I O•h
      February, 2003/22"d April, 2004 to attain finality. The Scrutiny Commi_!tee
      has unambiguously held that the appellant does not belong to "Halba"
      Community, a notified Scheduled Tribe in Maharashtra. The High Court
      was, therefore, right in allowing the writ petition filed by the Department
G     and to restore the termination order dated 8' 11 June, 2004.
           14. Accordingly, we find no merit in this appeal; the same is dismissed
      with no order as to costs.
      Divya Pandey                                                Appeal dismissed.


H