BAKHTAWAR SINGH AND ANR.versusSADA KAUR AND ANR.

                   BAKHTAWAR SINGH AND ANR.                                     A
                                     v.
                        SADA KAUR AND ANR.

                            AUGUST 28, 1996

                (N.P. SINGH AND FAIZAN UDDIN, JJ.)                              B

      Limitation Act, 1963: Article 65 and Section 14.

      Adverse possession-Plaintiffs withdrew earlier suit with permis-
sion-Fresh suit filed-Meanwhile, defendant peifected title by adverse pos- C
session-Plaintiff claimed exclusion of time under S.14-Held: Fresh suit
barred by limitation-Plaintiffs failed to show that permission to withdraw suit
was granted in accordance with 0.23 Rl(3) CPC-Nor the essential for taking
benefit of S.14 satisfied-Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, 0 23R1(3).

       The suit land was the ancestral land originally belonging to one G D
who djed leaving behind five sons. The defendant· respondent was married
to on¢ of the sons viz. D. After the death of D the respondent contracted
'Karewa' marriage with the younger brother of D. The plaintiff-appellants
who are two sons of G filed a declaratory suit on 19.1.1962 contended that
they were in possession as owners of 2/3rd share in the estate of D on E
account of the marriage by virtue of the prevalent custom. The suit was
dismissed but the appeal filed by the plaintiffs was allowed on 7.8.1963.
Thereafter, the plaintiffs filed another suit in 1964 against the respondent
to get back the possession of the suit land as, according to them, in the
meanwhile the d.efendant had taken forcible possession of the suit land.
During its pendency, the respondent filed a second appeal against the F
judgment of the appellate court dated 7.8.1963. The High Court dismissed
the respondent's second appeal but granted certificate and leave to appeal
to this Court. Subsequently, on 20.5.1979 the plaintiffs withdrew their suit
filed in 1964 from the court with liberty to file a fresh suit for possession
of land.
                                                                                G
      On 24-7-1980 this Court dismissed the appeal holding that the
respondent had lost her rights in the estate of D when she contracted
'Kerewa' marriage. Thereafter, on 28.11.1980 the plaintiffs Appellants
again filed a fresh suit for possession against the respondent in accord·
ance with the terms of withdrawal of the first suit. The court ·took the view   H
                                    235
    236                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A that the plaintiffs' suit was barred by limitation and the defendant-respon-
    dent had perfected her title by adverse possession. The first appellate court
    as well as the High Court UJ~held this view. Hence this appeal.

           On behalf of the appellants it was contended that since the plaintiffs
    had withdrawn their earlier suit with permission to file a fresh suit on the
B   same cause of action in accrnrdance with the provisions contained in clause
    (3) of Rule 1 of Order 23 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 the plaintiffs
    were entitled to exclude the 1]me spent in prosecuting the said earlier suit
    as provided under Section 14 of the Limitation Act, 1963.

C         Dismissing the appeal, this Court

          HELD : 1.1. In the present case all the courts below including the
    High Court concurrently found that the plaintiffs/appellants failed to
    produce any evidence to show that the permission to withdraw the suit was
D   given on the ground that the suit was bound to fail by reason of some formal
    defect or there were sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiffs to institute
    a fresh suit in respect of the same subject matter. The plaintiffs had not
    even produced the application which is said to have been filed for
    withdrawal of the earlier suiit with permission to file a fresh suit on the
    same cause of action to show as to what was the formal defect in the earlier
E   suit by reason of which it was sought to be withdrawn. In these facts and
    circumstances no case for fresh institution of suit on the same cause of
    action and for the same relief after the withdrawal of the earlier suit was
    made out by the plaintiffs/appellants in accordance with the provisions of
    Clause (3) of Order 23 Rule l 1of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. [239·C·F]
F
           1.2. As regards the exclusion of time under Section 14 of the Limita·
     tion Act, 1963 it was essentiall for its application to s4ow that the proceed-
     ings related to the same matter in issue and the plaintiff prosecuted the
     suit in good faith in a court which, from defect of jurisdiction or other
     cause of like nature is unabh~ to entertain it. The plaintiff/appellants have
G    failed to show as to what was the defect of jurisdiction or any other cause
     of like nature by reason of which the earlier suit was entertainable or
     competent. That being so, the benefit of the provisions of Section 14 cannot
     be legitimately extended to the suit of the plaintiffs. In these facts and
     circumstances the Plaintiffs' suit has rightly been dismissed as barred by
H    limitation. [239-G-H; 240-A]
         BAKHTAWARSINGHv. SADA KAUR[FAIZANUDDIN,J.]                       237

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5178 of                   A
1995.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 4.9.86 of the Punjab & Haryana
High Court in C.R.S.A. No. 3533/85 and C. Misc. 3764/C of 1985.

     O.P. Sharma, R.C. Gubrele, K.R. Gupta, Vivek Sharma and Ms.                 B
Namita Sharma for the Appellants.

        Ujagar Singh and Ms. Naresh Bakshi for the Respondents.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                                 c
    • FAIZAN UDDIN, J. 1. This is an appeal by the unsuccessful plaintiffs
whose suit for declaration to the effect that they are in possession as owners
of 2/3 share in the estate of the husband of respondent No. 1 was dismissed
by the sub-Judge. 1st Class, Muktsar as barred by limitation by his judg-
ment and decree dated May 17, 1983, which has been affirmed by the First         D
appellate Court and the High Court.

       2. The land in suit is the ancestral land originally belonging to Gulab
Singh who died leaving behind him his five sons, namely, Sampuran Singh,
Jeet Singh, Dalip Singh, Chand Singh and Bakhtawar Singh, The defendant          E
respondent herein was married to Dalip Singh. Dalip Singh died in the year
1932 whereafter the respondent Sada Kaur contr~cted 'Karewa' marriage
with Chand Singh the younger brother of her deceased husband Dalip
Singh.                           •

       3. The plaintiffs appellants who are two sons of late Guiab Singh filed F
a declaratory suit on 19.1.1962 by contending that they were in possession
as owner of 2/3 share in the estate of Dalip Singh, the late husband of
defendant/respondent No. 1 and that the defendant/ respondent No. 1 had
forefeited her right in the estate of her deceased husband on account of
marriage, by virtue of the prevalent custom amongst them and the plaintiffs
being the reversionaries were entitled to inherit the same. The said suit of G
the plaintiffs was dismissed on June 19, 1962 on the findings that the
defendant respondent No. 1 did not forefeit her right on her remarriage
with the younger brother of her late husband. But the appeal filed by
plaintiffs against the said judgment and decree was allowed on August 7,
1963 reversing the judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court.              H
    238                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A         4. Thereafter the plaintiffs filed another suit against the defendant
    respondent No. 1 being civil suit no. 661 of 1964 to get back the possession
    of the suit land as according to them, in the mean-while the defendant had
    taken forcible possession of the suit land.

B         5. The defendant respondent No. 1 filed second appeal in the High
    Court against the reversing judgment of the appellate court dated August
    7, 1963 but the High Court maintained the judgment and decree and
    dismissed the second appeal. The High Court, however, granted Certificate
    and leave to appeal to the Supreme Court on the point whether a widow
C   forefeits her rights or not by 'Karewa' marriage with her brother-in-law.

           6. Subsequently, on May 20, 1971 the plaintiffs withdrew their .civil
    suit No. 661 of 1964 from the Court of Sub-Judge with liberty to file a fresh
    suit for possession of land.

D          7. On July 24, 1980 the~ Supreme Court dismissed the appeal filed by
    the respondent Sada Kaur upholding the judgment of the civil courts and
    the High Court holding that the respondent No. 1 had lost her rights in the
    estate of her deceased husband Dalip Singh when she contracted 'Karewa'
    marriage with her brother-in-law, Chand Singh. Thereafter on November
E   28, 1990 the plaintiffs appellants again filed a fresh suit for possession
    against the respondent No. l in accordance with the terms of withdrawal
    of the first suit (Civil Suit No. 661of1964). The Sub-Judge took the view
    that the plaintiffs suit was barred by limitation and the defendant respon-
    dent No. 1 had perfected her title by adverse possession. The Additional
    District Judge, Faridkot by his judgment dated August 27, 1985 as well as
F
    the High Court by the impugned judgment dated September 4, 1986 upheld
    the findings recorded by the Trial Court and dismissed the plaintiffs appeal
    against which this appeal has been directed.

          , 8. The contention of the learned counsel for the appellants is that
G since the plaintiffs had withdrawn their earlier suit (Civil Suit No. 661 of
    1964) with permission to file a fresh suit on the same cause of action in
    accordance with the provisions contained in clause (3) of rule 1 of Order
    XXIII of the Code of Civil Procedure (hereinafter the Code) and, there-
    fore, the plaintiffs were entiltled to exclude the time spent in prosecuting
H   the said earlier suit as provided under Section 14 of the Limitation Act,
        BAKIITAWARSINGHv.SADA KAUR[FAIZANUDDIN,J.]                       239

 (hereinafter the Act). The question, therefore, that arises for our con- A
sideration is whether the plaintiffs appellants were permitted to withdraw
the suit in accordance with the provisions contained in clause (3) of Order
XXIII, rule 1 of the Code and whether in the facts and circumstances of
the present case the plaintiffs appellants are entitled for exclusion of the
time under Section 14 of the Act. Clause (3) of Order XXIII rule 1 of the B
Code contemplates that where the Court is satisfied (a) that a suit must
fail by reason of some formal defect, or (b) that there are sufficient grounds
for allowing the plaintiff to institute a fresh suit for the subject matter of
the suit or part of a claim, it may on such terms as it thinks fit, grant the
plaintiff permission to withdraw from such suit or such part of the claim
with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of subject matter of such suit C
or such part of the claim. In the present case all the courts below including
the High Court concurrently found that the plaintiffs/appellants failed to
produce any evidence to show that the permission to withdraw the suit was
given on the ground that the suit was bound to fail by reason of some
formal defect or there were sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiffs to D
institute a fresh suit in respect of the same subject matter. Not only this
the plaintiffs had not even produced the application which is said to have
been filed for withdrawal of the earlier suit with permission to file a fresh
suit on the same cause of action to show as to what was formal defect in
the earlier suit by reason of which it was sought to be withdrawn. However, E
the order dated May 20, 1971 passed by the civil court was on record which
did not indicate as to what was the formal defect in the suit by reason of
which the permission to withdraw the same was accorded. In these facts
and circumstances no case for fresh institution of suit on the same cause
of action and for the same relief after the withdrawal of the earlier suit was
made out by the plaintiffs/appellants in accordance with the provisions of F
clause (3) of order XXIII rule 1 of the code.


       9. As regards the exclusion of time under Section 14 of the Limitation
Act it was essential for its application to show that the proceedings related
to the same matter in issue and the plaintiff prosecuted the suit in good G
faith in a court which, from detect of jurisdiction or other cause of like
nature is unable to entertain it. As discussed above the plaintiffs/appellants
have miserably failed to show as to what was the defect of jurisdiction or
any other cause of like nature by reason of which the earlier suit was not
entertainable or competent. That being so, the benefit of the provisions of H
    240                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A Section 14 cannot 'be legitimately extended to the suit of the plaintiffs. In
    these, facts and circumstance:> the plaintiffs suit has rightly been dismissed
    as barred by limitation.

          10. For the reasons stated above the appeal fails and is hereby
    dismissed. We make no order as to costs.
B
    v.s.s.                                                    Appeal dismissed.




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