BIR SINGHversusSTATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

                                BIR SINGH                                       A
                                     v.
                   STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

                             APRIL 25, 2006

                (S.B. SINHA AND P.P. NAOLEKAR, JJ.]                             B

      Penal Code, 1860-Section 307-Grievous injuries sustained by
policeman-At police out-post-On account of multiple blows given by a local
villager with 'khukhri', a sharp weapon-Conviction/or attempt to murder by      C
Courts below-Correctness of-Held, correct since statement of victim was
corroborated in material particulars by two witnesses as well as medical
evidence-Besides, the accused did not examine any defence witness and did
not explain his presence at the police out-post-Investigating Officer too had
been immediately informed about the occurrence-Code ofCriminal Procedure,
1973-Sections 107 rlw 151-Criminal Trial-Testimony of witness-Medical           D
evidence.

       Appellant came to a police out-post at about 8:30 p.m. and asked
the police personnel to accompany him to his village as a faction fight had
been going on threat. But PWI, the Assistant Sub-Inspector, declined to.t
visit the village at time, though he gave assurance that a police party would E
be sent the next day. On his advise, Appellant too stayed back at the police
post building.

      Later during the night, while PWI was going for meals, Appellant
gave a blow on his face with a 'khukhri' followed by another blow resulting     F
in a cut injury on his elbow. PWI tried to snatch the 'khukhri' but
sustained hand injuries. Hearing the noise, four police constables including
PW4 and PWS arrived at the spot and overpowered the Appellant.

      The prosecution, in support of its case, besides examining PWI, the
injured, examined the eye-witnesses to the occurrence, viz., PW4 and PWS.       G
Sessions Judge convicted Appellant under Section 307, IPC for attempt
to murder and sentenced him to undergo 7 years' Rigorous Imprisonment.
On appeal, High Court maintained the conviction but reduced the sentence
to s years.

                                    335                                         H
    336                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. I S.C.R.

A         In appeal to this Court, it was contended that the evidences of PWs
    1, 4 and 5 were insufficient to convict Appellant; that PWl 1, an
    independent witness, did not support the prosecution case; that despite
    other independent witnesses being available they were not examined nor
    cited as prosecution witness; that the prosecution did not explain delayed
B   examination of PW 1 and that the genesis of the occurrence, namely, that
    there had been a free fight at the village of the appellant having not been
    proved, the prosecution case must be held to have failed to prove the guilt
    of the appellant.

          Dismissing the appeal, the Court
c         HELD: 1.1. PW-1 sustained grievous injuries. He stated in great
    details as to how he had suffered injuries. The injuries suffered by him
    stand corroborated by medical evidence. He categorically stated that he
    could not even recognize the accused at the time of incident, but, according
    to him, he came to know later on that two groups which were reported
D   by the accused to have been fighting, had approached him earlier in his
    capacity as in-charge of police force with a complaint of apprehension of
    breach of peace and on that basis, a proceeding under Sec~ions 107/151,
    CrPC was initiated by him. [340-Ff

          1.2. The statement of PWl had been corroborated in material
E   particulars by PW4 and PWS. No material has been shown which would
    throw any shadow of doubt to disbelieve the statements of the said
    witnesses. [341-Bf

          2. The appellant has not examined any defence witness. In fact, he
    has not entered into any particular defence. Why he came to the police
F   post was not explained by him. He interestingly gave a suggestion to the
    prosecution witnesses that some unknown persons had assaulted PWl
    when he went across the road and meanwhile he was passing along that
    road, he was arrested on suspicion, which clearly establishes his presence
    at the incident spot. [340-E; 341-E[
G         3.1. The Investigating Officer was informed immediately about the
    occurrence on the basis whereof a First Information Report was lodged.
    He had to walk all the· way in difficult terrain from the district
    headquarters to the place of occurrence and thus, he could reach there
    only in the night of 9th May, 1988. He categorically stated that he could
H   not take any statement from the injured before 21st May, 1988 as he was
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                BIR SINGH v. STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH [SINHA, J.]            337
       not in a position to give the same, although he was talking. (340-H; 341-A]   A
             3.2. The incident in question was recorded by PW4 in the Daily Diary
      in great details. It had to be sent to the District Headquarters. The
      Investigating Officer could come to the place of occurrence only after
      finishing his work, walking all the way from the District Headquarters to
      the incident spot, which is also a pointer to the fact that the information    B
      to tf\e police was given at the earliest possible opportunity. [341-F]

            4.1. PWl 1, the Village Pradhan has been declared hostile, as,
      according to him, PWl was lying in an injured state near the building of
      police station, in somewhat unconscious state. He, as would appear from        C
      his deposition, deviated from his earlier statement. Both the Sessions Judge
      as also the High Court opined that only because PWll was declared
      hostile, the same by itself would not lead to the conclusion that the
      statements by the other witnesses were not to be relied upon. [341-C, D)

            4.2. It may be true that PWl 1 was called, but that would not mean       D
      that PW4 and PWS were bound to call other villagers also. PWll might
      have been called to apprise him of the incident. (341-C]

           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 219
      of 1999.
                                                                                     E
           From the Judgment dated 26.7.1996 of the High Court of Himachal
      Pradesh in Cr. A. No. 38611990.

            Vijay K. Mehta, A.C. for the Appellant.

           J.S. Aattri for the Respondent.
                                                                                     F
            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

             S.B. SINHA, J. The appellant herein has been convicted by the courts
      below for alleged commission of an offence punishable under Section 307 of
      the Indian Penal Code on the charge of attempt to commit murder of one Shri G
      Harjit Ram, an Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police attached to a police out-post
      situate at Jahlama. The appellant herein is a resident of village Rape. Jahlama
      police out-post is situated at a distance of about 3 kms. from the said village
      in one of the remote districts in the State of Himachal Pradesh. He came to
      the said police out-post at about 8.30 p.m. and asked the police personnel to
      accompany him to the village Rape as, allegedly, a faction fight had been H
    338                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A going on threat. In the said out-post, apart from - A.S.I. Harjit Ram, other
  two constables, namely, PW4 - Devi Singh and PW5 Tashi Dorje were also
  present besides two other constables, namely, Bhim Singh and Dile Ram. On
  his request to visit the said village, the injured allegedly declined to accede
  to his request stating that as it was late in the night and the road as well as
B the path leading to the village were sloppy and also not in good condition
  because of the nullahs having been spate due to heavy flow of water, it would
  not be safe to undertake any journey at that hour of the night. He was assured
  that police party would be sent to the said village early in the morning on the
  next day. The appellant was also advised not to go back at such time and stay
  at the police post. He is said to have complied with the said request. The
C building, wherein the police post is situated, is a double storeyed one. On the
  ground floor, the office of the police was housed, whereas on the first floor,
  there was the kitchen. The informant asked the appellant to accompany him
  to take his meals. While going from the office room to the kitchen, the
  injured started climbing the ladder at that time. He was allegedly given a
D blow by the appellant with his 'khukhri' on the right side of his face below
  the eye starting from rear of the nose extending right up to the lobe of the
  ear. When he looked back, another blow was hurled on him resulting in
  causing a cut injury on his right elbow horizontally. With a view to snatch
  the said khukhri from the hand of the appellant, the informant sustained
  injuries in his hands. Hearing the noise, PW4 and PW5, together with other
E two constables, arrived at the spot running and overpowered the appellant.
  The injured snatched the khukhri from his hand. He was, thereafter, shifted
  to the room of the upper floor of the building. The appellant was said to have
  been detained in the office room. There was a small hospital at a place
  known as Shansha, which was situated at a distance of 3 to 4 kms. from
  Jahlama. A doctor from the said hospital was summoned through a constable
F who reached the police post at about 12.00 O'clock in the night. The wounds
  of the injured were stitched. The Pradhan of the village was said to have been
  summoned. The said incident was recorded in the Daily Diary and PW4 -
  Devi Singh took the same to the District Headquarter situated at Keylong,
  which is said to be situated at about 26 kms. away from Jahlama. The
G Investigating Officer, PW9 - Shobha Ram, visited Jahlama on the night of 8/
  9th May, 1988 and started investigation. On the next morning, the injured
  was sent to the Hospital at Shansha. He was thereafter referred to the District
  Hospital at Keylong.

          Upon completion of the investigation, a charge-sheet was filed under
H
             BIR SINGH v. STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH [SINHA, J.]            339
Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code.                                             A
      The injuries sustained by PWl are as under:

        1.     An incised wound oblique in direction from inner corner of right
               eye extending to below right ear. Size 15 cm. long 1 cm. deep
               Yi cm. wide.                                                       B
       2.      An incised wound over right side of head from the side of
               forehead to upward and backward. 10 cm. long Yi cm. wide and
               Yi cm. deep.
       3.      An incised wound behind right ear obliquely placed. 4\1, cm.
               long Yi cm. deep and Yi cm. wide.                                  C
       4.      An incised wound over right ear. I cm. long and Yi cm. deep.
       5.      Incised wound between first and second finger. 7 cm. long Yi
               cm. long I cm. deep I Yi inch long.
       6.      I cm. long incised wound, Yi cm. deep at the base of left thumb.   D
               1 Yi cm. long, Yi cm. deep incised wound.
       7.      On the back of right shoulder there was incised wound of 2 cm.
               long, Y, cm. deep vertically placed.

      The injured was examined on 9.5.1988 by PW2 Dr. Namgayal.
                                                                                  E
      The prosecution, in support of its case, besides examining PW!, the
injured, examined the eye-witnesses to the occurrence, viz., PW4 and PW5.

      Upon recording a judgment of conviction, the learned Sessions Judge
sentenced the appellant to undergo 7 years' Rigorous Imprisonment and a           F
fine of Rs. 2,000. On an appeal made therefrom, the High Court maintained
the said conviction, but, reduced the sentence from 7 years to 5 years, but
imposed a fine of Rs.5,000/- upon him.

      Mr. Vijay K. Mehta, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant,
in support of the appeal, would submit that both the learned Sessions Judge       G
as well as the High Court committed manifest errors in arriving at a finding
that the evidences of PW!, PW4 and PW5 were sufficient to arrive at a
finding of guilt as against the appellant herein. According to the learned
counsel, the prosecution failed to analyze the evidence in a holistic manner.
It was urged that the learned courts below failed to consider the fact that
independent witness, viz., Hira Lal, who was the Village Pradhan, did not         H
    340                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A support the prosecution case and was declared hostile. The prosecution
    furthermore did not, it was submitted, explain as to why the injured was
    examined by the Investigating Officer, PW9, Shobha Ram, for the first time
    on 9.5.1988. It was also submitted that in view of the materials brought on
    records by the prosecution itself, it would appear that other independent
B   witnesses were available in the village, but, despite the same, neither any
    other person in the village was examined by the Investigating Officer nor any
    of them were cited as prosecution witness. The genesis of the occurrence,
    namely, that there had been a free fight at the village of the appellant, i.e.,
    Rape, having not been proved, the prosecution case must be held to have
    failed to prove the guilt of the appellant.
c        The learned counsel for the State, on the other hand, supported the
    impugned judgment.

           Before adverting to the contentions raised in this appeal, we may notice
    certain peculiar features of the case. The fact that the appellant was resident
D   of village Rape is not in dispute. It is furthermore not in dispute that PW-I,
    AS! Harjit Ram, sustained grievous injuries. The appellant is said to have
    been aiTested at the police post situated at Jahlama. If this Court is to believe
    the prosecution case, the occurrence took place after 8.30 p.m. at the police
    post itself. The appellant has not examined any defence witness. In fact, he
    has not entered into any particular defence. Why he came to the police post
E   was not explained by him.

          PW! stated in great details as to how he had suffered injuries. The
    injuries suffered by him stand corroborated by medical evidence. He
    categorically stated that he could not even recognize the accused at the time
F   of incident, but, according to him, he came to know later on that two groups
    which were reported by the accused to have been fighting, had approached
    him earlier in his capacity as in-charge of police force with a complaint of
    apprehension of breach of peace and on that basis, a proceeding under Sections
    107/151 of the Criminal Procedure Code was initiated by him.

G         The night was dark. There was no electricity in the office. The injured
    and the other constables had lit candles.

          It has not been disputed that the Investigating Officer was informed
    immediately about the occurrence on the basis whereof a First Information
    Report was lodged. It has furthermore not been in dispute that the Investigating
H   Officer had to walk all the way in difficult terrain from the district headquarters
          BIR SINGH v. STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH (SINHA, J.]               341
to the place of occurrence and thus, he could reach there only in the night        A
of 9th May, 1988. He categorically stated that he could not take any statement
from the injured before 21.5.1988 as he was not in a position to give the
same, although he was talking.

      The statement of PWI had been corroborated in material particulars by
PW4 - Devi singh and PW5 Tashi Dorje. We have not been shown any                   B
material which would throw any shadow of doubt to disbelieve the statements
of the said witnesses.

       It may be true that PWI I, the Village Pradhan, Hira Lal was called,
but, that would not mean that PW4 and PW5 were bound to call other villagers       C
also. The Village Pradhan might have been called to apprise him of the
incident. PWJ I, the Village Pradhan, has been declared hostile, as, according
to him, PW! was lying in an injured state near the building of police station,
in somewhat unconscious state. He, as would appear from his deposition,
deviated from his earlier statement. Both the learned Sessions Judge as also
the High Court opined that only because PW! 1, Village Pradhan, was declared       D
hostile, the same by itself would not lead to the conclusion that the statements
by the other witnesses were not to be relied upon.

      The appellant interestingly gave a suggestion to the prosecution witnesses
that some unknown persons had assaulted PW! when he went across the road
and meanwhile he was passing along that road, he was arrested on suspicion,        E
which clearly establishes his presence at Jahlama.

      The incident in question was recorded by PW4 - Devi Singh in the
Daily Diary in great details. It had to be sent to the District Headquarters at
Keylong. The Investigating Officer could come to the place of occurrence
only after finishing his work, walking all the way from Keylong to Jahlama,        F
which is also a pointer to the fact that the information to the police was given
at the earliest possible opportunity.

      For the reasons afore-mentioned, we do not find any merit in this
appeal. The appeal is dismissed. The appellant is on bail. He is directed to       G
surrender immediately. The trial court is directed to take steps in this behalf.

B.B.B.                                                      Appeal dismissed.