BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION OF ASSAMversusMD. SARIFUZ ZAMAN AND ORS.

            BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION OF ASSAM                            A
                               v.
                  MD. SARIFUZ ZAMAN AND ORS.

                             DECEMBER 19, 2003

                   [R.C. LAHOTI AND ASHOK BHAN, JJ.]                         B
         Regulations for Conduct of Examinations by the Board of Secondary
     Examination of Assam :

           Regulation 8--,-Correction of date of birth-Regulation providing
     three years period for filing an application for correction-Board dee/in- C
     ing to entertain the application as it was filed beyond the period of
     limitation-High Court allowed the relief-Held, three years period pro-
     vided by the Regulation is a very reasonable period-The provision is
     neither illegal nor beyond the purview of s.24 of the Act and also cannot
     be called arbitra1y or unreasonable-Applicants seeking rectification D
     within a period of three years form a class by themselves and such
     prescription has a reasonable nexus with the purpose sought to be
     achieved-No fault can be found therewith on the anvil of Article 14 of
     the Constitution-Judgment of High Court set aside-However, in view of
     the concession given on behalf of the Board, this judgment shall not have E
     any bearing on the relief allowed to the two respondents-,-Constitution of
     India, 1950-Article 14-Assam Secondary Education Act, 1961-S.24.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 10250 of
     2003.
                                                                             F
          From the Judgment and Order dated 30.8.2000 of the Gauh.ati High
     Court in W.A. No. 343 of 2000.

                                     WITH

          C.A. No. 10251 of 2003.                                            G
          P.K. Goswami, Rajiv Mehta and B. Aggarwalla for the Appellants.

          Ms. K. Sarada Devi for the Respondents.
,.
          The following Order of the Court was delivered :                   H
                                       12TJ
    1274                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 6 S_.C.R.
A          Leave granted in .both the SLPs.

          Common questions of Jaw, in the backdrop of similar facts, arise for
    decision in these two appeals. It would suffice for our purpose to notice
    facts of one of the cases.
B
          One of the respondents a student having taken his education in
    Government Boys Higher Secondary .School passed the matriculation
    examination conducted by the Board of Secondary Education, Assam, in
    the year 1991. Thereafter, he passed higher secondary examination and
    then the B.Sc. examination in the year 1998. When he filed the writ
C   petition, he was undergoing a course of study in computers. At that point
    of time, on October 12, 1999, he moved an application to the Board
    complaining that his date of birth was wrongly mentioned in the school
    records as May 30, 1974, while his actual date cif birth was August 16,
     1975. The mistaken date of birth: as forwarded by the school, had crept
D   int9 the Admit Card issued by the Board. The writ-petitioner student
    pleaded that he did not realize the importance of the correct date of birth ·
    being entered into the school records, and therefore, he did not also realize
    the implications thereof until he was promoted in moying the applicatio~.
    The application moved by the respondent to the Principal of the school,
E   was forwarded by the latter to the Board. The principal indicated that the
    age of the respondent was entered as 16.8.1975 in the admission register
    and other school records, but.it was by mistake that while filling the form
    of the Board examination the date of birth was wrongly entered as
    30.5.1974. The Principal described the mistake as 'derical' and
F    recommended for its correction. As the Board did not take any decision
    on the application, the respondent filed a writ petition in the High Court.

          The Board relied on Regulatio~ 8 of the Regulations for Conduct of
    Examinations by the Board, (hereinafter 'the Regulations' for short),
    framed in exercise of. the powers conferred by Section 24 of the Assam
G   Secondary Education Act, 1961 (hereinafter 'the Act', for short) and
    submitted that an application moved beyond three years from the date of
    issuance of certificate by the Board was not liable to be entertained. The
    plea found favour with the High Court resulting into dismissal of the writ
    petition. A writ appeal was preferred by the respondent. The Division
H   Bench has allowed the appeal, set aside the judgment of the learn~d Single
          BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION v. MD. SARIFUZ ZAMAN                     1275

         . Judge and allowed the relief sought for by the respondent by issuing a writ A
           of mandamus to the Board. Feeling aggrieved, the Board has these appeals
           by special leave.

rl              At the outset, the learned counsel for the appellant-Board submitted
          that the Board was not interested in nullifying the relief allowed to the two B
          respondents herein, but it was nevertheless interested in having the legal
          position settled inasmuch as the view of the law taken by the Division
          Bench has resulted in the Board being flooded with applications seeking
          rectifications in the dates of birth of the applicants as recorded in the
          certificates issued to them consequent upon their having cleared the
          examinations conducted by the Board. A possibility of unscrupulous C
          applicants taking undue advantage of the liberal view taken by the High
          Court may result into non-genuine cases also being cleared whereon there
          would be difficult to keep a check. In view of the submissions so made,
          we propose to examine, deal with and settle the law as to the validity of
          3 years period prescribed as outer limit for seeking the correction in the D
          date of birth by reference to Regulation 8.
     •
     .
               A perusal of the judgment of the High Court shows that mainly two
          reasons have prevailed with the High Court in forming an opinion against
          the Board and allowing relief to the writ-petitioners. The High Court has E
          held : firstly, that Section 24 of the Act contemplates Regulations being
          made only for facilitating the working and functioning of the Board for
          the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Act; the Regulations
          cannot be so framed as to deprive any applicant of the right of seeking
          correction of date of birth by proving a period of limitation for making the F
          application; and secondly, any provision made in the Regulations framed
          with the object of carrying out the provisions of the Statute cannot
          extinguish any right generally available to a person to get a mistake
          corrected; no regulatory measure can in any case be absolute in nature. The
          learned counsel for the appellant has disputed the correctness of these
          propositions laid down by the High Court. Let us proceed to examine the G
          same.

                The Board is constituted under the Assam Secondary Education Act,
          196 I and derives its authority thereunder. Sub-section (I) of Section 24
          empowers the Board to make Regulations generally for the purpose of H
    1276                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.
A carrying out the provisions of the Act . Sub-section (2) of Section 24 by
    clauses (a) to (m) lays down specifically the subjects whereon the Board
    may frame Regulations without prejudice to the generality of the power
    conferred by sub-Section (1).

           Ragulation 8 provides as under -
B
              "8. CORRECTION OF DATE OF BIRTH NAME, TITLE, ETC.:

              (a) Date of Birth : Once the date of Birth is reported by the
              Heads of the Recognised High School High/Madrassa/Higher
c             Secondary School to the Board in the prescribed stateIJ'lent of
              candidates along ~ith the application for the Examination and
              entered in the records of the Board, it will not be altered except
                                                                                          ;.
              on grounds of wrong calculation or clerical error for which an
              applicatio_n with the recommendation of the Head of the institute
              will have to be made to the Board through Inspector of Schools
D
              concerned who will verify the School records and submit report
              to the Board. The Secretary of the Board may pass orders for
              correction ifhe is satisfied that there was wrong report of the date
              of Birth due to wrong calculation or clerical error.

E             Provided that the Date of birth as 30th February, 31st April, 31st
              June, 31st September, 31st November and also 29th February
              excepting that of a leap year be uniformly corrected as the last
              date of Month. without any reference to School.

              If any inaccuracy creeps in at the stage of writing the certificate
F                                                                                    ,.
              only, all other prior documents being correct in all respects,
              correction in the Certificate will be admissible if the application
              is received. within 3 years from the date of issue of certificate by
              the Board with necessary fees.

G             xxx                xxx               xxx                xxx

          Undoubtedly, the g~neral power conferred on the Board by .Section
    24( 1) of the Act is for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the
    Act; Under Section 24(2), clause (d) provides the subject, on which
H   Regulations may be framed, as conducting examinations an publishing the
 BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION v. MD. SARIFUZ ZAMAN                      1277

 results. Clause (g) provides the subject as 'conditions under which A
 candidates shall be admitted to the examinations of the Board. It is not
  disputed, and could not have been, that the application fonn of a candidate
  seeking to participate in an examination held by the Board has to be
  forwarded by the educational institution wherein he is studying. The
  application has to be duly, truly and fully filled in. One of the informations B
  required to be given is the age and date of birth of the students. It is
  common knowledge that the certificate issued by the Board either at the
  matriculation examination or at the higher secondary level examination
  mentions the date of birth of the student. Such certificate is invariably
  accepted as a valuable piece of evidence in proof of the date of birth and
· age of th-! applicant throughout his career ahead. The courts of law attach C
  a high degree of probative value to the certificate and in the absence of
  anything to the contrary, the date of birth, as entered in the certificate, is
  accepted almost as binding. On the result of the exami_nations conducted
  by the Board having been published the successful candidates are awarded
  certificates. The name, father's name, date of birth the institution in which D
  the student has studied and such other particulars as are incorporated in
  the certificate are based on the information made available by the contents
  of the application form which is scrutinized, verified and forwarded by the
  institution, in which the student has studied. All these particulars carry with
  them a prima facie guarantee of correctness inasmuch as such particulars E
   in the record of the institution are furnished by the applicant himself and
  the applicant himself fills in and subscribes to the application seeking entry
  in the examination conducted by the Board. It is difficult to assume that
  such particulars would be false or incorrect so far as the applicant is
  concerned. At the same time, this procedure becomes a part of the process F
  of 'conducting examinations and publishing the results' as also the
   'conditions under which the candidates shall be admitted to the examinations
  of the Board' the two subjects· covered by clauses (d) and (g) of sub-Section
  (2) of Section 24 of the Act, apart from the generality of th~ power
  conferred by sub-Section (1) of Section 24. It cannot, therefore, be
  contended that the matter relating to certificates and as to correction of any G
   entry made therein does not fall within the purview of the power to make
   Regulations conferred on the Board.

      Nobody can claim a right to have correct~d an entry in a certificate
 solemnly issued by an educational institution that too the one enjoying the H
    1278                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A status of a statutory Board under the Act. The right of the applicant to have
    an error or mistake corrected is accompanied by a duty or obligation on
    the part of the Board to correct its records and the certificate issued by it.
    Not only it is a corresponding duty or obligation, it has also to be perceived
    as a power exercisable by the Board to correct an entry appearing in the
B   certificate issued by it. People, institutions and government departments
    etc.- all attach a very high degree ofreliability, near finality, to the entries
    made in the certificates issued by the Board. The frequent exercise of
    power to correct entries in certificates and that too without any limitation       r
    on exercise of such power would render the power itself arbitrary and may
C   result in eroding the credibility of certificates issued by the Board. We
    therefore, find· it difficult to uphold the contention that the applicants
    seeking correction of entries in such certificates have any such righf or
    vested right.

           Lastly, the submission cannot also be countenanced that the regulatory
D measure engrafted into the Regulations on the subject of correction of
    errors in the certificates is 'absolute' in nature. The Regulation permits
    correction but subject only to reasonable restrictions.

         Delay defeats discretion and loss of limitation destroys the remedy
E itself. Delay amounting to !aches results in benefit of discretionary power
  being denied on principles of equity. Loss of limitayon resulting into
  depriving of the remedy, is a principle based on public policy and utility
  and not equity alone. There ought to be a limit of time by which human
  affairs stand settled and uncertainty is lost. Regulation 8 confers a right on
  the applicant Ctlld a power coupled with an obligation on the Board to make
F correction in the date of birth subject to the ground of wrong calculation
  or clerical error being made out. A reasonable procedure ·has been
  prescribed for processing the application through Inspector of Schools
  who would verify the school records and submit report to the Board so
  as to exclude from consideration the claims other than those
G permissible within the framework ofRegulation 8. Power to pass order
  for correction is vested on a higher functionary like Secretary of the
  Board. An inaccuracy creeping in .at the stage of writing the certificates
  only, though all other prior documents are correct in all respects, is capable
  of being. corrected within a period of three years from the date of issuance
H of certificate.
BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION v. MD. SARIFUZ ZAMAN                        1279

       Three years period provided by the Regulation is a very reasonable A
period. On the very date ofissuance of the certificate the concerned student
is put to notice as fo the entries made in the certificate. Everyone
remembers his age and date of birth. The student would realize within no
time that the date of birth as entered in the certificate is not correct if that
be so ·once the certificate is placed in his hands. Based on the certificate B
the applicant would seek admission elsewhere in an educational institution
or might seek a job or career where he will have to mention his age and
date of birth. Even if he failed to notice the error on the date of issuance
of the certificate, he would come to know the same shortly thereafter. Thus,
the period of three years, as prescribed by Regulation 3, is quite reasonable.
It is not something like prescribing a period of limitation for filing a suit. C
The prescription of three years is laying down of a dividing fine before
which the power of the Board to make correction ought to be invoked and
beyond which it may not be invoked. Belated applications, if allowed to
be received, may open a pandora's box. Records may not be available and
evidence may have b~en lost. Such evidence-even convenient evidence-,- D
 may be brought into existence as may defy scrutiny. The prescription of
three years bar takes care of all such situations. The provision is neither
 illegal nor beyond the purview of Section 24 of the· Act and also cannot
be called arbitrary or unreasonable. The applicants seeking rectification
within a period of three years form a class by themselves and such E
 prescription has a reasonable nexus with the purpose sought to be achieved.
 No fault can be found therewith on the anvil of Article 14 of the
 Constitution.

      For the foregoing reasons, the appeals are allowed. The Judgment of
the Division Bench of the High Court is set aside. However as already F
noted and in view of the very fair concession given by the learned counsel
for the appellant Board, it is directed that this judgment shall not have any
effect or bearing on the relief allowed to the two respondents herein by
correcting the entries as to date of birth made in their respective certificates.
_No order as to the costs.                                                        G
R.P.                                                        Appeals allowed.