CYRIL LASRADO (D) BY LRS. AND ORS.versusJULIANA MARIA LASRADO AND ANR.

A                CYRIL LASRADO (D) BY LRS. AND ORS.
                                 v.
                  JULIANA MARIA LASRADO AND ANR.

                               AUGUST 12, 2004
B               [ARIJIT PASAYAT AND C.K. THAKKER, JJ.]

         Constitution of India, 1950:

       Article 226-Writ jurisdiction-Non-application of mind-Writ peti-
C tion was filed against a dead person after a long lapse ofabout 19 years-
  Delay unexplained-Single Judge disposed of the writ petition without
  issuing notice to the Legal Rl!presentatives (LRs) of the deceased-Single
  Judge was of the view that since the matter was being remitted to the
  Tribunal, no prejudice would be caused to the LRs if they were not brought
D on record-Division Bench dismissed the appeal without indicating any
  reasons-Correctness of-Held: The order of the Single Judge and the
  Division Bench clearly show non-application of mind-Absence ofreasons
  has rendered the High Court's judgment unsustainable-Hence, matter
  remitted back to Single Judge for a decision afresh on merits.

E         Article 226-Writ petition-Delay/laches-Maintainability of-Writ
    petition filed after a long lapse of about 19 years against a dead person--
    Single Judge disposed of the writ petition without considering the long
    delay and without bringing the LRs on record-Correctness of-Held: It
    prima facie made the Single Judge's order vulnerable.
F
         Administrative Law:

        Natural justice-Reasons-Giving of-Importance of-Held: Rea-
  sons introduce clarity in an order and substitute subjectivity by objectivity-
G Giving reasons is one of the salutary requirements of natural justice.
          The predecessor-in-interest (applicant) of the appellants filed an
    application before the Land Tribunal for recording his name as the
    occ11pant of the concerned land, which was allowed. A writ petition was
    filed by the respondents after a long lapse of about 19 years questioning
H   the correctness of the Tribunal's order. The same was filed against the
                                        512
                      CYRIL LASRADO v. J.M. LASRADO                       513

     said applicant who had died in the meantime. This fact was brought A
~
     to the notice of the Single Judge. But the Single Judge was of the view
     that since the matter was being remitted to the Tribunal no prejudice
     would be caused if the legal representatives of the deceased were not
     brought on record. Accordingly, the matter was remitted to the
     Tribunal for fresh adjudication.
                                                                                B
           The appellants contended before the Division' Bench that the writ
     petition was filed against a dead person after a long lapse of about 19
     years and it was disposed of without issuance of notice to the legal
     representative of the deceased. But the .Division Bench did not even
     advert to the question as to how substantial justice had been done and     c
     dismissed the appeal without indicating any reason. Hence the appeal.

          Allowing the appeal, the Court

          HELD: I. Overlooking the fact that the writ petition was filed
     after about 19 years of the disposal of the matter by the Tribunal, the
                                                                             D
     Single Judge disposed of the matter even without issuance of notice to
     the legal representatives. That prima facie made the Single Judge's
     order vulnerable. The Division Bench without indicating any reason as
     to how the conclusions of the Single Judge were in order dismissed the
     Writ Appeal. (516-G-H; 517-A)                                           E

          2. The order of the Single Judge and the impugned judgment of the
     Division Bench show clearly non-application of mind. The latter is
     practically non-reasoned. The basic issue raised by the appellants was
     the unexplained delay in filing the writ application. The Single Judge did F
     not consider that aspect before the disposal of the writ petition without
     issuance of the notice to the appellants. Though specifically urged and
     argued, the Division Bench has not dealt with it and has not recorded any
""   conclusion on that issue and no reason has been indicated. (517-C-D)

           3.1. Reasons introduce clarity in an order. On plainest considera- G
     tion of justice, the High Court ought to have set forth its reasons,
     howsoever brief, in its order indicative of an application of its mind,
     all the more when its order is amenable to further avenue of challenge.
     The absence of reasons has rendered the High Court's judgment not
     sustainable. (517-D-E)                                                   H
    514               SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.
A      3.2. Reasons substitute subjectivity by objectivity. The emphasis
  on recording reasons is that ifthe decision reveals the "inscrutable face
  of the sphinx", it can, by its silence, render it virtually impossible for
  the Courts to perform their appellate function or exercise the power
  of judicial review in adjudging the validity of the decision. Right to
B reason is an indispensable part of a sound Judicial system; reasons, at
  least sufficient, must be given to indicate an application of mind to the
  matter before the Court. Another rationale is that the affected party
  can know why the decision has gone against him. One of the salutary
  requirements of natural justice is spelling out reasons for the order
  made, in other words, speaking out. The "inscrutable face of a sphinx"
C is ordinarily incongruous with a judicial or quasi-judicial performance.
                                                             (517-G; 518-AJ

         Breen v. Amalgamated Engineering Union, (1971) 1 All E.R. 1148
    and Alexander Machinery (Dudley) Ltd. v. Crabtree, 1974 ICR 120,
    referred to.
D
         4. It was submitted that there were several factors on merits
    which could not be highlighted before the Single Judge as he chose not
    to deal with the matter on merits but directed the matter to be
    remanded to the Tribunal. In these circumstances, it would be appro-
E   priate if the matter is remitted back to the Single Judge for a decision
    afresh on merits. [518-B-C)

          CIVIL APPEAL JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5220 of 2004.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 9.7.2002 of the Kamataka High
F Court Court in W.A. No. 1660 of 2000 (LR).
         R.S. Hedge, Ms. Savitri Pandey, Chandra Prakash and P.P. Singh for
    the Appellants.

          S.N. Bhat and D.P. Chaturvedi for the Respondents.

G         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          ARIJIT PASAYAT, J, : Leave granted.

          Judgment passed by a Division Bench of the Kamataka High Court
    affirming the order passed by a learned Single Judge is the subject matter
H   of challenge in this appeal.
             CYRIL LASRADO v. J.M. LASRADO [PASAYAT, J.]                  515

         Factual aspects need to be noted in some detail.                       A
          The Land Tribunal, Mangalore, Taluk Mangalore (in short the
    'Tribunal') by order dated 19.10.1978 accepted the prayer of one Cyril
    Lasrado (applicant before it) wherein he had prayed for recording his name
    as occupant of the concerned land. The applicant was the predecessor-in-
    interest of the present appellants. By the said order, the Tribunal directed B
    registration of Cyril Lasrado as the occupant of the land mentioned in the
    order in terms of Section 48-A of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961
    (in short the 'Act'). Since certain reliefs which were prayed for had not
    been granted, Cyril Lasrado filed a Writ Petition No. 29259 of 1992 before
    the Karnataka High Court. Respondent who was the General Power of C
    Attorney holder and the respondent no. 2 filed an application to be
    impleaded in the writ petition which was rejected. Suit bearing No. OS.
    499 of 1994 was filed by the appellants alleging encroachment by the
    respondents. The suit was decreed on 30.11.1995. The power of attorney
    holder and one of the respondents were the parties of the aforesaid suit. D
    Cyril Lasrado died in the meantime. A writ petition was filed by the present
    respondents questioning correctness of the Tribunal's order dated
     19.10.1978. The same was filed against Cyril Lasrado though he had died
    long before. The writ petition was disposed of by a learned Single Judge
    by a very strange order. Though the State of Karnataka and its officials E
    brought to the notice of the learned Single Judge that Cyril Lasrado had
    expired, the learned Judge was of the view that there was no necessity to
    bring his legal representatives on record. This was so felt as the learned
    Judge was of the view that the matter was to be remitted to the Tribunal
    and no prejudice would be caused to the legal representatives. Accordingly,
    the matter was remitted to the Tribunal for fresh adjudication. The order F
    of the learned Single Judge was challenged by the appellants before the
    Division Bench by filing a Writ Appeal which by the impugned judgment
=   was dismissed. The Division Bench only noted the arguments of the parties
    and observed as follows:
                                                                                G
                 "We have heard the learned counsel for the parties as well
            as learned Govt. Advocate and perused the materials placed on
            record.

                 On consideration, we find no error or illegality in the order
            of the learned Single Judge so as to call for any interference. H
    516                SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A            However, the Tribunal shall hear the aggrieved parties after giving
             them opportunity and pass appropriate orders in accordance with
             law.

                  Writ Appeal is disposed of accordingly."

B       It has to be noted that the present appellants brought to the notice of
  the Division Bench that there had been delay of 138 days in filing the Writ
  Appeal as they were not aware of filing the writ petition and its disposal
  and when they came to know about it they applied for certified copy and
  after obtaining the same, filed the writ appeal. On merits also it was
C submitted that after a long lapse of about 19 years the writ petition had
  been filed against a dead person and even without issuance of notice the
  writ petition was disposed of.

          The stand of the respondents was that the delay was not properly
D explained. In any event, there was no prejudice caused by non-issuance of
    notice. In essence order of learned Single Judge was supported.

        In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellants submitted
  that this case shows non application of mind by the learned Single Judge
  as well as the Division Bench. Without even issuing notice to the legal
E representatives the matter was disposed of on a clearly erroneous ground
  that no prejudice would be caused if the matter is remanded back, over
  looking to the fact that the writ petition was filed after about 19 years
  without offering any explanation for the long delay. It is an accepted fact
  and is evident from the order of learned Single Judge itself that the State
F of Karnataka and its functionaries had clearly brought on record the fact
  that the original applicant Cyril Lasrado had died. It is not understood as
  to how and on what basis, learned Single Judge concluded that no prejudice
  would be caused to the legal representatives. The Division Bench did not
  even advert to the question as to how substantial justice has been done and
  why no interference was called for. The approach of the learned Single
                                                                                   -
G Judge and the Division Bench clearly does not stand to reason. No reason
  has been indicated by the Division Bench.

         Apparently, overlooking the fact that the writ petition was filed after
    about 19 years of the disposal of the maner by the Tribunal, the learned
H   Single Judge disposed of the matter even without issuance of notice to the
         CYRIL LASRADO v. J.M. LASRADO [PASAYAT, J.]                   517

legal representatives. The writ petition was filed after about two decades. A
That prima facie made learned Single Judge's order vulnerable. The
Division Bench without indicating any reason as to how the conclusions
of learned Single Judge were in order dismissed the Writ Appeal.

     Learned counsel for the respondents submitted that substantive justice
has been done. The Tribunal's order is primafacie illegal and, therefore, B
learned Single Judge felt it desirable to remit the matter to the Tribunal.
Even the Division Bench has directed that the aggrieved parties shall be
given opportunity of being heard and, therefore, there is no violation of
the principles of natural justice.
                                                                             c
      The order of learned Single Judge and impugned judgment of the
Division Bench show clearly non-application of mind.           The latter is
practically non-reasoned. The basic issue raised by the appellants was the
unexplained delay in filing the writ application. Neither Single Judge
considered that aspect before disposal of the writ petition without issuance D
of the notice to the present appellants. Though specifically urged and
argued, the Division Bench has not dealt with it and has not recorded any
conclusion on that issue and no reason has been indicated.

      Reasons introduce clarity in an order. On plainest consideration of
justice, the High Court ought to have set forth its reasons, howsoever brief, E
in its order indicative of an application of its mind, all the more when its
order is amenable to further avenue of challenge. The absence of reasons
has rendered the High Court's judgment not sustainable.

      Even in respect of administrative orders Lord Denning M.R. in Breen F
v. Amalgamated Engineering Union, (1971) I All E.R. 1148 observed
"The giving of reasons is one of the fundamentals of good administration".
In Alexander Machinery (Dudley) Ltd. v. Crabtree, (1974) LCR 120 it was
observed: "Failure to give reasons amounts to denial of justice''. Reasons
are live links between the mind of the decision taker to the controversy
in question and the decision or conclusion arrived at". Reasons substitute G
subjectivity by objectivity. The emphasis on recording reasons is that ifthe
decision reveals the "inscrutable face of the sphinx", it can, by its silence,
render it virtually impossible for the Courts to perform their appellate
function or exercise the power of judicial review in adjudging the validity
of the decision. Right to reason is an indispensable part of a sound judicial H
    518                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A system, reasons at least sufficient to indicate an application of mind to the
    matter before Court. Another rationale is that the affected party can know
    why the decision has gone against him. One of the salutary requirements
    of natural justice is spelling out reasons for the order made, in other words,
    a speaking out. The "inscrutable face of a sphinx" is ordinarily incongruous
B   with a judicial or quasi-judicial performance.

          Learned counsel for the respondents in the present appeal submitted
    that there were several factors on merits which could not be highlighted
    before the learned Single Judge as he chose not to deal with the matter on
    merits but directed the matter to be remanded to the Tribunal. Jn these
C   circumstances, we feel that it would be appropriate ifthe matter is remitted
    back to the learned Single Judge for a decision afresh on merits. It would
    be open to the parties to place materials in support of their respective
    stands. The learned Single Judge, it goes without saying has to dispose of
    the matter after taking into account the various materials and evidence
D   already on record or to be brought by the parties on record. The order of
    learned Single Judge and the impugned judgment of the Division Bench
    in Writ Appeal are accordingly set aside. The appeal is allowed to the
    extent indicated with no order as to costs.

    v.s.s.                                                      Appeal allowed.