DIRECTOR, GENERAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTION, CUTTACK AND ANR.versusSHRI KHETRA MOHAN DAS

     DIRECTOR, GENERAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTION,                             A
                   CUTTACK AND ANR.
                          v.
                SHRI KHETRA MOHAN DAS

                           OCTOBER 6, 1994
                                                                              B
                 (A.M. AHMADI, R.M. SAHA! AND
                  K. JAYACHANDRA REDDY, JJ.]

      Service Law :
                                                                              c
     .J.CA.R. Technical Service Rules-Rules 3.1., 5.1., 7.2, 8.1-Categories
and Grades of service-Fitment of-Claim for fitment into higher category 011
the basis of qualification-Validity of-Subsequent promotion not to make
any difference as regards i11itial fitment.

        The Respondent was appointed as Senior Field Assistant in the year D
1971 at the Central Rice Research Institute in the scale of pay of Rs.
150-300. The said scale was revised to Rs. 330-560 with effect from 1.1.1973
on the recommendation of the Third Pay Commission. On 1.10.1975, the
Technical Service Rules of the Indian Council of Agricultural Researc!t
(l.C.A.R.) call1e into force. As per these rules, the respondent was indncted E
into category I Grade T-2 and bis scale of pay was rixed at Rs. 330- 560.
Respondent made a representation that as per rules he ought to have been
fitted in the lowest grade of category II i.e. T- II-3 for which the scale of
pay prescribed was Rs. 425-700 and also that a Field/Farm Technician
holding either a 3 years diploma or a bachelor's degree in the relevant field
should be fitted in Category II. Since the representation was not fruitful, F
Respondent filed a Writ Petition before the High Court, whi.ch came to be
transferred to the Central Administrative Tribunal. The petition was
allowfll). by the Tribunal, against which the employer preferred the present
appeal.

     Allowing the appeal, this Court
                                                                              G

       HELD : 1.1. Para 5.1 of the Technical Service Rules lays down that• .
all the existing permanent and temporary employees appointed would be .,
fitted into their respective grades specified in Para 3.1 on point to point
basis. The respondent who was in the pay 'cale of Rs. 330-560 could only H
                                     301
    302                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   be fitted into Category I Grade T·2 and only the persons holding positions
    in the merged scale of Rs. 425·700 i.e. Category I Grade T-1·3 and possess·
    Ing the necessary qualifications prescribed for Category JI could be fitted
    in Category II Grade T-II·3 for which also the scale is the same. Merely
    because one possessed the qualification, he cannot claim as a matter or
B   right that he should be fitted into Category II Grade T·II-3. The initial
    induction should be only on the basis or pay scale. Ir the respondent was
    entitled to be fitted in Category I Grade T•1·3 (Rs. 425·700) on the relevant
    date and if he possessed the qualification for Category U then only he
    could be fitted in Category U Grade T·ll·3 by virtue or Para 5.1 and the
C   responde.nt conld not be fitted in Category I Grade T•1·3 because or the
    difference In the pay scale. As per the Rules he could be fitted in Category
    I Grade T·ll and merely because he possessed the qualification for
    Category U he cannot claim as a matter or right to be fitted in Category
    U Grade T· U-3. Para 5.1 does not permit such an lndnctlon. [306-D to GJ

D         1.2. A person fitted In Grade T-2 In Category I cannot straightaway
    make a claim to Grade T·ll-3 of Category II skipping over the higher grade
    T·l-3 or Category I which is in between. Ir this Is accepted, then a person
    in Grade T -1 or Category I which is the lowest In that grade can on the
    basis that he possesses the qualifications for Category II also claim that
E   he should also automatically be promoted to Grade T·ll·3 or Category II
    as per Rule 7.2. That cannot be the object nnderlying Rule 7.2 and such
    an Interpretation or the Rule can not be given. [307-D to FJ

          1.3. The Tribunal, however observed that In the meantime the
    respondent has been ptomoted to Grade T-1·3 or Category I carrying the
F   same scale as Grade T·ll·3 of Category II, and therfore he should be
    deemed.to have been Inducted into Garde T· U-3 Category U. This reason·
    ing is erroneous. The crucial date is 1.10.1975 on which date the Rules
    came into force and for fitment into the necessary categories Rule 5.1 has
    to be applied and the existing employees should be fitted only In the grades
G   specified in Para 3.1 on point to point basis on the basis on the basis of
    their existing scales of pay on that date. The subsequent promotion of the
    respondentfrom Grade T·ll of Category I to Grade T-1-3, the higher grade
    in the same Category can not make any difference so Car as the initial
    fitment on 1.10.1975 is concerned as contemplated under Rule 5.1. The
H   Tribunal also made a reference to Rule 8.1 which applies only to direct
    RICERES.INSTN. v. K.M.DAS [K.JAYACHANDRAREDDY,J.]                    303

recruits and it has no relevance so far as the case of the respondent is        A
concerned. [309-B to DJ

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4729 of
1991.

     From the Judgment and Order 5.9.89 of the Central Administrative           B
Tribunal, Cultack in T.A. No. 6 of 1988.

        Ranjit Kumar and Ms. Binu Tamta for the Appellants.

        P .N. Misra for the Respondent.
                                                                                c
        Y ashank Adhyaru and A.P. Medh for the Intervenor.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      K. JAYACHANDRA REDDY, J. This appeal by the Director,                     D
General Rice Research Institute is filed against the order of the Central
Administrative Tribunal, Cuttack Bench, Cuttack holding that the respon-
dent Khetra Mohan Das should be held to have been appointed in the
Category II Orade T-II-3 in the scale of pay of Rs. 425- 700 with effect
from the date the Technical Services Rules of the Indian Council of
                                                                                E
Agricultural Research ("I.C.A.R." for short) came into force. To appreciate
the point involved, it is necessary to state few material facts.

      An advertisement was made inviting applications for appointment for
a Senior Field Assistant, one of the technical posts mentioned in the Hand
Book of the Technical Services under the I.C.A.R. The concerned                 F
employement exchange sponsored the name of the respondent who held a
degree of B.Sc. (Hons.). He was appointed in the year 1971 in the Central
Rice Research Institute ("C.R.R.I." for short) Cuttack, a wing of I.C.A.R.
as a Senior Field Assistant in the scale of pay of Rs. 150-300. On the report
of the Third Pay Commission, that scale was revised to Rs. 330- 560 with        G
effect from 1.1.73. On 1.10.75 the Technical Service Rules of the I.C.A.R.
came into force. Para 3.1 provides as under : .

          "Categories and Grades of the Services

          3.1. The Technical Services are gronped into three categories         H
    304                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A           consisting of the followiog grades :

            Category          Grade                 Pay Scale

            Category-I        T-1      (i) Rs.260-6-290-EB-6-326-8-366-
                                           EB-8-390-10-430
B
                              T-2      (ii) Rs.330-10-380-EB-12-500-EB-15-560

                              T-1-3    (iii) Rs.425-15-500-EB-15-560-20-700

            Category-II       T-II-3   (i) Rs.425-15-5-EB-15-560-20-700
c                             T-4      (ii) Rs.550-25-750-EB-30-900

                              T-5      (iii) Rs.650-3-740-35-810-EB-35-880-40-
                                             1000-EB-40-1200

            Category-III      T-6      (i) Rs.700-40-900-EB-40-1100-50-1300
D
                              T-7      (ii) Rs.1100-50-1600

                              T-8      (iii) Rs.1300-50-1700

                              T-9      (iv) Rs.1500-60-1800-100-2000"
E
    The next relevant paras for the purpose of this case are Paras 3.2, 3.3 and
    5.1 which read as follows :

            3.2. The pay scales in Categories I & II replace the existing pay
            scales in the manner indicated in Appendix I. The new pay scales
F           in Category III are the same as the existing pay scales.

            3.3. The new pay scales will be applicable both to the future
            entrants as well as to the existing incumbents from 1.10.1975.
            However, the existing incumbents may, if they so desire, retain
G           their existing scales as personal to them.

            xxxxx                      xxxxx

            Initial Adjustemnt of Existing Employees

H           5.1. The existing permanent and temporary employees appointed
    RICE RES. INSTN. v. K.M. DAS [K. JAYACHANDRAREDDY, J.]                  305

         through regularly constituted D.P.C./Selection Committees will be         A
         fitted into the grades specified in para 3.1. on" point to point basis"
         without any further screening irrespective of their qualifications.
         However, persons holding positions in the merged grade of Rs.
         425-700 and possessing qualifications prescribed for Category II,
         will be fitted in grade T-11-3 (Rs. 425-700)."
                                                                                   B
        As per these rules the respondent was inducted into Category I
 Grade T-2 and as seen above the scale of pay for the persons holding post
 in Category I Grade T-2 was fixed at Rs. 330-560. The respondent made a
 representation that as per the rules he ought to have been fitted in the
 lowest grade of Category II i.e. T-11-3 for which the scale of pay prescribed C
 is Rs. 425-700 and also that a Field/Farm Technician holding either a
 3-years diploma or a bachelor's degree in the relevant field should be fitted
 in Category II. As the representation was not fruitful he filed a writ
 application in the High Court of Orissa which after the establishemnt of
 the Central Administrative Tribunal was transferred to Cuttack Bench. In D
 the counter- affidavit filed on behalf of C.R.R.I. it was stated that the
 respondent was correctly inducted into Category I Grade T-2 and that as
 per the provisions of Rule 5.1 the existing permanent and temporary
 employees will be fitted only in grades specified in para 3.1 on point to
 point basis without any further screening irrespective of the qualification.
It is, however, stated that only the persons holding positions in the merged E
grade of Rs. 425-700 and possessing qualifications prescribed for Category
II would be fitted in Category II Grade T-II-3 carrying the pay scale of Rs.
425-700 and that since the respondent was not holding a post carrying the
pay scale of Rs. 425-700 he wou Id not be entitled to be inducted into
Category II of the Technical Service RtJles. The Tribunal, however, held F
that the moment the Rules became applicable the necessary consequence
was that a person should be fitted in the category for which he possesses
the minimum qualification required and that at any rate since the respon-
dent has been promoted to Category I Grade T-1-3 carrying the same scale
of Rs. 425-700 as that of Category II Grade T-11-3 he should deemed to
have been fitted into Category II Grade T-11- 3. In this context the Tribunal G
also observed that if the respondent is made to remain in Category I then
he can not have any further promotion to Grade T-4 and Grade T~5 in
Category II. In this view of the matter the Tribunal allowed the petition
and held that the respondent should be deemed to have been appointed
into Category II Grade T-11-3.                                                 H
    306                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 4S.C.R.

A         Questioning the findings of the Tribunal, it is submitted by the
   learned counsel for the appellant that because of the revision of pay scale
   of Rs. 150-300 to Rs. 330-560 by the Third Pay Commission with effect
 . from 1.1.1973 and when the l.C.A.R. Rules came into force, the respondent
   who was in the scale of Rs. 330- 560 could only be fitted into Category I
B GraJe T-2 and not in any other higher category. He also submitted that a
   careful reading of Para 5.1 would show that the existing permanent and
   temporary employees can be fitted into the respective grades specified in
   para 3.1 on point to point basis without any further screening of their
   qualifiactions and that however only persons holding positions in the
C merged grade of Rs. 425-700 and possessing qualifications prescribed for
   Category II could be fitted in Grade T-II-3.

           Therefore the only question that arises for consideration is whether
    the respondent who was admittedly in the pay scale of Rs. 330-560 was
    entitled to be fitted in Category I Grade T-1-3 and further by virtue of Rule
D   5.1 he ought to have been fitted in Category II Grade T-II-3. As noted
    above Para 5.1 lays down that all the existing permanent and temporary
    employees appointed would be fitted into their repective grades specified
    in Para 3.1 on point to point basis. The respondent who was in the pay
    scale of Rs. 330-560 could only be fitted into Category I Grade T-2 and
E   only the persons holding positions in the merged scale of Rs. 425-700 i.e.
    Category I Grade T-1-3 and possessing the necessary qualifications
    prescribed for Category II could be fitted in Category II Grade T-II-3 for
    which also the scale is the same. Merely because one possessed the
    qualification, he cannot claim as a matter of right that he should be fitted
F   into Category II Grade T-II-3. The initial induction should be only on the
    basis of pay scale. If the respondent was entitled to be fitted in Category
    I Grade T-1-3 (Rs. 425-700) on the relevant date and if he possessed the
    qualification for Category II then only he could be fitted in Category II
    Grade T-II-3 by virtue of Para 5.1 and the respondent could not be fitted
    in Category I Grade T-1-3 because of the difference in the pay scale. As
G   per the Rules he could be fitted in Category I Grade T-II and merely
    because he possessed the qualification for Category II he cannot claim as
    a matter of right to be fitted in Category II Grade T-II-3. Para 5.1 does
    not permit such an induction.

H         Learned Counsel for the respondent, however, strongly relied on
    RICERES.INSTN. v. K.M.DAS[K.JAYACHANDRAREDDY,J.]                   307

Para 7.2 as it existed then which reads as follows :                          A
                                                                       '-
        "Promotion

        xxx                           xxx                  xxx

        7.2 Vacancies in Grade T-11-3 in Category II may also be filled by    B
        promotion of persons in Category I possession qualifications
        prescribed for Category II."

 According to the learned counsel, a plain reading of this Rule as it stood
 makes it clear that any person in Category I of any grade possessing C
 qualifications prescribed for Category II would be entitled to be promoted
 to Category II Grade T-ll-3 and that as the respondent who was in
 Category I Grade T-2 and who possessed qualifications prescribed for
 Category II, would automatically be entitled to be promoted to Category
 II Grade T- II-3. We see no force in this submission which overlooks the
 fact that between Grade T-2 of Category I and Grade T-ll-3 of Category D
 II, there is Grade T-I-3 of Category I for which the scale of pay is Rs.
 425-700. A person fitted in Grade T-2 in Category I can not straightaway
 make a claim to Grade T-11-3 of Category II skipping over the higher grade
 T-1-3 of Category I which is in between. If this submission has to be
 accepted, then a person in Grade T-1 of Category I which is the lowest in E
 that grade can on the basis that he possesses the qualifications for Category
 II also claim that he should also automatically be promoted to Grade T-II-3
 of Category II as per above Rule 7.2. That can not be the object underlying
 the above mentioned rule 7.2 and such an interpretation of the Rule can
 not be given. It is pertinent to note at this stage that Rule 7.2 deals with
 only promotions of persons in Category I possessing the necessary F
 qualifications to the higher Category II and has nothing to do with induc-
 tion contemplated under Rule 5.1. This is only made obvious by virtue of
.a later amendment of Rule 7.2 which reads as follow :

        "Promotion
                                                                              G
        xxx                     xxx                     xxx

        7.2 20% of vacancies in grade T-II-3 may also be filled by promo-
        tion of persons in grade T-1-3 possessing qualifications prescribed
        for Category II."                                                     H
    308                   SUPREMECOURTREPORTS (1994JSUPP.4S.C.R.

A   From this amended Rule it can be seen that vacancies in Grade T-II-3 of
    Category II can be filled by promotion only of those persons in Category
    I Grade T-1-3 possessing qualifications prescribed for Category II. So far
    as the initial adjustment of existing employees is concerned, it is only Rule
    5.1 dealing with induction which is relevant and as per that Rule, as
B   discussed above, only persons holding positions in the merged scale of Rs.
    425-700 which is the scale for Gategory I Category T-1-3 can be fitted in
    Category II Grade T-II-3 for which also the scale is Rs. 425-700 provided
    such persons holding positions in the merged scale of Rs. 425-700 possess
    the qualifications prescribed for Category II.

C         Learned counsel for the respondent, however, submitted that it is
   unamended rule 7.2 as extracted above which is applicable to the case of
   the respondent. As mentioned above even as per the unamended rule the
   respondent cannot claim induction into Grade T-II-3 of Category II
   straightaway from Grade T-2 of Category I merely on the basis of qualifica-
D tions. He can only claim promotion to Category II Grade T-II-3 provided
   he was holding a position in the next lower grade namely Grade T-1-3 of
   Category I. A promotion is different from fitment by way of rationalisation
   and initial adjustment. Promotion, as is generally understood, means; the
   appointment of a person of any category or grade of a service or a class
   of service to a higher category or grade of such service or class. In C.C.
E Padmanabhan and Others v. Director of Public Instructions and Others,
 ' (1980] Supp. SCC 668 this Court observed that "Promotion" as understood
   in ordinary parlance and also as a term frequently used in cases involving
   service laws means that a person already holding a position would have a
   promotion if he is appointed to another post which satisfies either of the
F two conditions namely that the new post is in a higher category of the same
   service or that the new post carries higher grade in the same service or
   class. Viewed from any angle it is clear that when these Rules caine into
   force only a person in Grade T-1-3.of Category I (Pay scale - Rs. 425-700)
   would be entitled to be inducted in Grade T-11-3 of Category II provided
   he possessed the necessary qualifications prescribed for Category II. The
G promotion to Category II in the case of the respondent can be only as per
   Rule 7.2 and not by way of induction as claimed by the respondent. As a
   matter of fact I. C.A.R. while replying to the further representations made
   by the respondent, made it clear by its letter dated 5th April, 1978 that
    those persons who are in Grade T-2 of Category I and who possess
H qualifications for Category II and earn merit promotion as a result of
    RICE RES. INSlN. v. K.M. DAS [IUAYACHANDRA REDDY, J.J           309

performance assessment for five years service would be promoted to next    A
higher grade T-1-3 and on the basis of further assessment of performance
in. that grade would be considered for promotion to Grade T-11-3 of
Category II provided they possess the qualifications prescribed for
Category II.

      The Tribunal, however, observed that in the meantime the respon- B
dent has been promoted to Grade T-1-3 of Category I carrying the same
scale as Grade T-11-3 of Category II, therefore he should be deemed to
have been inducted into Grade T-11-3' Category II. This reasoning is
erroneous. The crucial date is 1.10.1975 on which date the Rules came into
force and for fitment into the necessary categorires Rule 5.1 has to be C
applied and the existing employees should be fitted only in the grades
specified in Para 3.1 on point to point basis on the basis of their existing
scales of pay on that date. The subsequent promotion of the respondent
from Grade T-11 of Category I to Grade T-1-3, the higher grade in the same
Category can not make any difference so far as the initial fitment on
1.10.1975 is concerned as contemplated under Rule 5.1. The Tribunal also D
made a reference to Rule 8.1 which applies only to direct recrujts and it
has no relevance so far as the case of the respondent is c0ncerned.

       For all the above reasons, the finding of the Tribunal that the
respondent should be held to have been appointed in Grade T-11-3 of E
Category II in the pay scale of Rs. 425-700 with effect from 1.10.75 is set
aside. Accordingly the appeal is allowed but there shall be no order as to
costs.

G.N.                                                    Appeal allowed.