EXECUTIVE OFFICER, ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHA SWAMY KOIL TRUST VIRUDHUNAGARversusCHANDRAN & ORS.

                         [2017] 5 S.C.R. 473


               EXECUTIVE OFFICER, ARULMIGU                                A
  CHOKKANATHA SWAMY KOIL TRUST VIRUDHUNAGAR
                                  V.".

                       CHANDRAN & ORS.
                   (Civil Appeal No. 2342 of 2017)                        B
                        FEBRUARY l 0, 2017
       [RANJAN GOGOi AND ASHOK BHUSHAN, JJ.]
      Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:
       s. I 00 - Suit for declaration of title and mandatory injunction   C
- Stating that he had purchased an area of 2 acres and 73 cents
(suit property) which was part of Survey No.188 (measuring 7 acres
84 cents) recorded in the name of defendant No. I - Also sought
correction in revenue records by entering his name therein - Plea
of defendant No. I that plaintiff or his predecessors were never the      D
owner of the suit property; that there was no survey number as I 88
and the available survey numbers were 18811, 18812 and 18813;
that survey Nos.18811 and 18813 (measuring 5 acres JO cents) were
in the name of defendant No.I and Survey No.18812 was in the
name of a third party (not impleaded in the suit) - Plaint was
                                                                          E
amended mention~ng the suit property as Survey No. I 8813 - Trial
court dismissed the suit holding that description of suit property
was not correct; that Survey No.188 was never in the name of
predecessors in interest of the plaintiff; and that the suit was hit by
non-joinder of necessary party - Appellate court affirmed the order
of trial court - Jn second appeal, High Court reversed the orders of      F
courts below directing to include name of the plaintiff in revenue
records after excluding extent of property which stood in the name
of first defendant - On appeal, held: Plaintiff failed to correctly
describe the suit property - He failed to prove his title - High Court
having held the defendant No.I was entitled to Survey Nos. 18811
and I 8813 has virtually decreed the suit for survey No. I 8812 which     G
 is admittedly recorded in the name of third party - High Court in
 exercise of jurisdiction uls. 100 could not have reversed the order
 of courts below without holding that reasoning given by courts below
 was legally unsustainable.
                                                                          H
                                 473
474           SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2017] 5 S.C.R.


A          Allowing the appeal, the Court
            HELD: 1.1 The plaintiff came with the case in the suit that
      'P' was the owner of the property, who transferred it in favour
      of 'S', on whose General Power of Attorney 'B' has transferred
      the property to the plaintiff by Sale Deed dated 04.11.2007. Trial
 B    Court has categorically recorded a finding that 'P' was never a
      recorded owner of the property and no patta was issued in his
      favour. [Para 20] [481-C]
         1.2 The plaintiff initially in the plaint has prayed for decree
   for an area of 2.73 acres, as part of Survey No. 188. Sale Deed
 c dated 04.11.2007 also mentions the suit property as part of
   Survey No. 188. Plaintiff himself has examined PW-4, Surveyor
   at Collectorate Office, who has stated that he has brought the
   village revenue records for the year 1983 with regard to Survey
   No. 188/1, 188/2 & 188/3. Sub Divisions 188/1, 188/2 & 188/3
   were in existence at least since before 1983. The deeds on
 D which the reliance has been placed by the plaintiff i.e. Sale Deed
   dated 28.08.1992, by which 'P' is said to have transferred the
   property in favour of 'S' as well as General Power of Attorney
   dated 31.10.2007 and Sale Deed dated 04.11.2007 in the name
   of plaintiff, the suit property is not described by sub division,
 E rather it is mentioned as part of Plot No. 188. Although, plaintiff
   got his plaint amended by amending part of Plot No. 188 as
   Survey No. 188/3 but Sale Deed being not for Survey No. 188/
   3, both the trial court and the appellate Court have rightly
   come to the conclusion that the plaintiff failed to correctly
   describe the suit property and it cannot be accepted that deeds
 F claimed by him referred to the suit property. [Paras 21, 22]
   [481-D-E, F-H; 482-A]
         1.3 The Deed dated 29.7.1974 executed in favour of 'P'
   has been relied on by the plaintiff to prove the title of 'P' over
   2.79 acres of Survey No.188. The said deed has been filed by
 G the plaintiff-respondent as Exhibit A-14. The trial court has in its
   judgment noticed that plaintiff came with the case in the plaint
   that suit property was inherited by 'P', however, he relied on
   Exhibits A-12 toA-14 with regard to which there was no pleading
   in the plaint. In his deposition, PW.1 admitted that without
 H disclosing this deed in the plaint, he filed Exhibits A-12 to A-
            EXECUTIVE OFFICER,ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHA SWAMYKOIL                    475
                      TRUST VIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHAND RAN


          15. When there was no pleading in the plaint regarding title of A
          'P' by any other earlier deed except the claim of inheritance,
          the trial court rightly discarded the Deed dated 29.7.1974. The
          evidence, with regard to which there is no pleading, has rightly
          been discarded by the trial court. Unless there is a pleading
          especially with regard to the source of title, the. defendant of a
                                                                             8
          suit has no opportunity to rebut such pleading thus an evidence
          with regard to which there is no pleading can not be relied by the
          plaintiff for setting up his title in a suit. Moreover, the deed
          dated 29.7.1974 referred to part of Survey No.188, whereas the
          suit was filed in 2007 by the plaintiff by which date the Survey
          No.188 was sub-divided as 188/1, 188/2, 188/3. The deeds C
          through which plaintiff claims title i.e. 28.8.1982, General
          Power .of Attorney dated 31.10.2007 and sale deed dated
          oS:U.2007 do not refer to any sub-division. The plaintiff
          although amended the schedule property from part of Plot No.
          188 as Survey No.188/3 but he failed to prove his title over D
          Plot No.188/3. The trial court after considering the document
          dated 29.7.1974 held that plaintiff failed to prove his title.
          [Para 23] [482-A-G]
                2.1 The High court has also affirmed the findings of the
          courts below that defendant-Temple is entitled for Survey No.
     .·   188/1 and 188/3 i.e. 5 acres and 10 cents land. In spite of the       E
    ,,    aforesaid findings, the High Court proceeded to decree the
'
          suit. The High Court proceeded on the premise that no
          document has been filed for the purpose of establishing that
          Survey No. 188/2 stands in the name of 'J' and further, the High
          Court proceeded that first defendant being not absolute owner         F
          of the old Survey No. 188 except 5 acres and 10 cents, the
          plaintiff is the owner of the rest of the property. Tims virtually,
          the suit has been decreed by the High Court for Survey No.
          18812, whereas, Survey No. 188/2 was admittedly recorded in
          the name of 'J', [Paras 26, 27 and 28] [483-E-F; 484-A-B]
                                                                                G
                 2.2 The High Court neither adverted to the finding of the
          trial court nor has set aside the reasoning given by the trial
          court for holding the suit as not maintainable. The High Court i.n
          exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 100 C.P.C. could not
          have reversed the decree of the courts below without holding
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476            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2017] 5 S.C.R.


A     that the reasoning given by the courts below was legally
      unsustainable. Thus, the High Court committed error in decreeing
      the suit. [Para 36) [486-F-G)
            2.3 The decree of the High Court is also contradictory.
      The High Court has affirmed the findings that Defendant No. 1
B     is the owner of the Survey No. 188/1 and 188/3, whereas, by
      decreeing the suit for declaration and mandatory injunction
      the name of Defendant No. 1 is to be removed and replaced
      by plaintiff which is clearly erroneous and unsustainable. [Para
      37) (486-H; 487-A]
 c          Ram Saran and Am: v. Smt. Ganga Devi AIR 1972 SC
            2685 - referred to.
                               Case Law Reference
            AIR 1972 SC 2685              referred to       Para 35
 D         CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2342
      of2017.
           From the Judgment and Order dated 22.01.2013 of the High Court
      of Madurai Bench of Madras in S. A. (MD) No. 800 of2012.
            A. T. M. Sampath, V. Balaji, Asai Thambi, Rakesh K. Sharma,
 E    Advs. for the Appellant.
             M. Yogesh Kanna, Ms. Nithya, T. Harish Kumar, C. Nagamani,            .,_
      P. Balaji, Advs. for the Respondents.
            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ·
 F          ASHOK BHUSHAN, J. 1. Leave granted
             2. The defendant has filed this appeal against judgment of the
      Madurai Bench of Madra~ High Court dated 22.0l.20t3, by which
      judgment the High Court while reversing the judgment of trial court and
      First Appellate Court, has decreed the suit of the plaintiff.
 G          3. The brief facts of the case are:
             The Respondent No. 1, who shall be hereinafter referred to as
      plaintiff, filed Original Suit No. 33 of2008 for the relief of declaration
      and mandatory injunction. Plaintiff's case in the plaint was that by Sale
      Deed dated 04.11.2007, he has purchased an area of 2 acres and 73
 H    cents being part of Survey No. 188. The entire Plot No. 188 (area 7
        EXECUTIVE OFFICER,ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHA SWAMY KOlL                          , 4 77
         TRUSTVIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHANDRAN [ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.]


     acres and 84 cents) is recorded in the name of Defendant No. I. A
     Mandatory injunction was prayed to be issued, directing the Defendant
     Nos. 4 and 5 to correct the revenue records by entering the name of ·
     plaintiff in the suit property. The plaintiff's case was that the suit property
     belonged to one R. Padmanabhan who vi de Sale Deed dated 28th August,
     1992 on his behalf and on behalf of his minor sons transferred 2 acres 72
                                                                                     B
     cents area being part of Survey No. 188 in favour of one Sanjay
     Ramasamy, correspondent ofAnnai Velankanni Women Teacher Training
     School. Sanjay Ramasamy executed a General Power of Attorney in
     favour of one Bhaskaran on 31.10.2007 and it was Bhaskaran who
     executed the Sale Deed dated 04.11.2007 in favour of the plaintiff.
     Plaintiff, further stated that when he went to Revenue Tehsildar for C
     issuance ofpatta in his favour, he came to know that it is in the name of
     first Defendant. Consequently, the suit was filed, seeking declaration
     and mandatory injunction.
             4. A written statement was filed by the first Defendant,
      controverting the plaint allegation. It was pleaded that plaintiff or his      D
      predecessors in interest were never the owner of the suit property. The
      Defendant No. I, hereinafter referred to as Temple, has been the owner
      in possession of the suit property whose name is also recorded in the
      revenue records. It was pleaded that there is no such Survey No. as 188
      in the whole village. The only available Survey Nos. as per the revenue
      records are 188/1, 188/2 and 188/3. The first Defendant is entitled to the     E
      Survey No. 188/1 and 188/3, which are in possession and continuous
      enjoyment of Temple from the time immemorial. The property register
     ·of the Temple, which is maintained by Special Tehsildar, Hindu Religious
      & Charitable Endowment Department, records the Temple as the owner
      of the property. Survey No.188/2 is in the possession and enjoyment of         F
      one Janaki Ammal, who being not a party, the suit is not maintainable
      and it is bad for mis-joinder and non-joinder of necessary party. The
      defendants numbers 2 to 4 have adopted the written statement of
      defendant No. l.
            5. Plaintiff, initially in the .plaint, had claimed for th!'_ reliefs of G
     declaration and mandatory injunction for an area 2 ares 73 cents as part
     of Survey No. 188. Subsequently, the plaint was got amended by the
~·   plaintiff, mentioning the suit property as Survey No. 188/3. The Plaintiff
     in support of his case filed documentary as well as oral evidences of
     PW 1 t-0 PW 5. The Defendant in support ofhis case has also filed
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478            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                            [2017] 5 S.C.R.



A     documentary as well as oral evidences of DW 1, Senior Accountant in
      defendant's temple.
            6. Trial court framed the following five issues:
            "1. Whether the plaintiff is entitled for the relief of declaration
            as prayed for?
B
            2. Whether the plaintiff is entitled for matidatory injunction
            as prayed for?"
            3. Whether the suit is bad for non joinder of necessary party?
            4. To any other relief!
c           Additional issue framed on 17.08.2010:
            1. Whether this suit is maintainable?"
             7. Trial court, while answering the issue No. 1 to 4 and additional
      issue No. l held that Survey No. 188 further has been sub-divided into
 D    Survey No. 188/1, 188/2 and 188/3. The trial court further held that
      there is no explanation submitted by the plaintiff that how he has got
      amended the Survey No. 188/3 in the original suit. It held that the
      description of the suit property is not correct. It was also held that name
      of Padmanabhan was never recorded in the revenue records. Patta was
      never transferred in the name of Sanjay Ramasamy, who had no right to
 E    execute a General Power of Attorney in favour of Bhaskaran. It was
      held that no document has been produced to prove that Padmanabhan
      was in possession and enjoyment of the suit property. None of those
      persons, who claimed to be vendors have been examined. Finding was
      returned that the Survey No. 188 was never in the name of Padmanabhan.
 F            8. It was held that suit property belonged to Temple, which is in
      possession for a long time continuously. The trial court further recorded
      a firtding that plaintiff had failed to prove, that property belonged to the
      plaintiff and it is in possession hence declaratory reliefs cannot be granted
      to the plaintiff and thereby suit is not maintainable.
 G            9. Answering the issue No. 6, trial court held that PW I, the
      plaintiff having deposed in his cross-examination, that survey No. 188/2
      is in the name of Janaki Ammal and she had sold the property to some
      other persons. The Janaki Ammal being necessary pai1y who.has not
      been imp leaded in the suit, the suit is hit by non-joinder of a necessary
 H    party.
   EXECUTIVE OFFICER,ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHASWAMY KOIL                              4 79
    TRUSTVIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHANDRAN [ASH OK BHUSHAN, J.]


       I 0. The plaintiff aggrieved by the judgment of the trial court filed A
an appeal. The Appellate Court vi de its judgment dated 3 I . I 0 .20 11 after
reappraising the entire evidence on the record affirmed the findings
recorded by the trial court that plaintiff is not the owner of the suit
property. The Appellate Court further held that on the date when plaintiff
purchased the property in 2007, Survey No. 188 was already sub-divided
                                                                               B
in 188/1, 188/2 and 188/3. The vendors of the plaintiff did not have patta,
chitta and adangal of the suit property.
      11. The Appellate Court held that Survey No. 18811 and 188/3
belong to Temple and survey No. 188/2 belongs to Janaki Ammal who
having not iinpleaded, the suit is bad for mis-joinder and non-joinder of
necessary party. It was held that plaintiff was not entitled for declaration     C
and mandatory injunction.
       12. Aggrieved by the judgment of the Appellate Court, second
appeal was filed by the plaintiff in the High Court. The High Court vide
its judgment and order dated 22.01.2013, allowed the second appeal by
setting aside the decrees of the trial court and Appellate Court respectively.   D
The High Court although, set aside the decree of courts below and decreed
the suit but directed the Defendant Nos. 4 and 5 to include the name of
the plaintiff after excluding the extent of property which stands in the
name of the first Defendant.
       13. The High Court in its judgment did not disturb the findings of        E
the courts below that Temple is the owner of 188/1 and 188/3 total area
of 5 acres and 10 cents ofland. The High Court, however, held that total
area of 188 being 7 acres and 84 cents, plaintiff was entitled for the
remaining extent of plot No. 188. Aggrieved by the judgment of the High
Court, this appeal has been filed by the Defendant No. I.                        F
       14. Learned counsel forthe appellant in support ofappeal contends
that the High Court in exercise of jurisdiction under Section 100 CPC
has interfered with the concurrent findings of the facts, recorded by
Courts below that the plaintiff has failed to proof his title and possession.
      15. It is submitted that plaintiff having himself admitted that Survey G
No. 188/2 stood in the name of Janaki Ammal and Janaki Ammal without
having been impleaded, the suit of plaintiff was correctly dismissed by
two courts below on the grounds of mis-joinder and non-joinder of
necessary party. Further, the description of the property in the plaint
was incorrect and in-spite of the amendment of the plaint, no correction H
480            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2017] 5 S.C.R.


A     having been made in the sale deed, plaintiff could not have been given
      any right on Survey No. 188/3.
              J 6. The plaintiff came with the case tliat Padmanabhan acquired
      the property through inheritance, but in his deposition,' it is stated that
      property was purchased by Padmanabhan. The property being never in
B     the name of Padmanabhan in the records, there was no title vested in
      the plaintiff. Defendant proved that Survey No. 188/ 1 and l 88/3 having
      been in the name of Temple, no right could have been granted to the
      plaintiff.     ·
             17. Learned counsel for the respondent/plaintiff submitted that
 c    High Court has rightly set aside the judgment and decrees of the' two.
      courts below. Plaintiff had proved his title to the suit property by virtue
      of Sale Deed dated 29.07.1974 Annexure R.l, Sale Deed dated
      28.08.1992 and Sale Deed dated 04.11 .2007. It is contended that title of
      Padmanabhan was fully proved by Sale Deed dated 29.07.1974, which
      was executed by one Rajak.ambalam Sundara Rajan with regard to part
 D    of Survey No. 188 area 2.79 acres.
             18. We have considered the submission of the learned counsel for
      the parties and perused the record. The trial court after considering the
      both oral and documentary evidence brought on record, dismissed the
      suit oftbe plaintiff by recording following findings:
 E
             (i) Plaintiff has failed to prove by producing any document to
             show that Padmanabhan had any right and possession over the
             suit property.
             (ii) Survey No. 188/1 and 188/3 are i{I the name of Defendant
             No. 1, the Temple~
 F
             (iii) The suit property belonged to Defendant Nc:i. 1 and it is in
             possession for a long time continuously.
             (iv) Plaintiff in his suit has prayed for the reliefs of declaration
             without seeking the relief for the possession hence the suit was
 G           not legally maintainable.
             (v) Plaintiff cannot be granted the decn;,e of the declaration and
             mandatory injunction.
             (vi) Survey No. 188/2 being in .the name of Janaki Ammal, she
             having not been made party to the suit, suit was hit by the principle
 H
   EXECUTIVE OFFICER, ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHA SWAMY KOIL                           481
    TRUSTVIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHAND RAN [ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.]

       of non joinder of the necessary paqy.                                    A
       19. The Appellate Court, after adverting to documentary and oral
evidence has confirmed the above findings. Appellate Court has also
rejected the application filed by the plaintiff, for amending the plaint for
incorporating new pleadings. Appellate Court held that by amendment,
plaintiff intends to fill up the gap and wanted to change th~ entire nature     B
of the case, which cannot be permitted.
      20. The plaintiff came with the case in the suit that R.
Padmanabhan was the owner of the property, who transferred it to in
favour of Sanjay Ramasamy on whose General Power of Attorney
Bhaskaran has transferred the property to the plaintiff by Sale Deed            c
dated 04.11.2007. Trial Court has categorically recorded a finding that
R. Padmanabhan was never a recorded owner of the property and no
patta was issued in his favour.
       21. The plaintiff initially in the plaint has prayed for decree for an
area of 2. 73 acres, as part of Survey No. 188. Sale Deed dated                 D
04.11.2007 also mentions the suit property as part of Survey No. ·188.
Plaintiff himself has examined PW 4, A. Murugesan, Surveyor at
Virudhunagar District, Collectorate Office. PW 4 in the statement has
stated that he has brought the village revenue records for the year 1983
with regard to Survey No. 188/1, 188/2 & 188/3. lt is useful to extract
the statement of PW 4, which was to the following effect:                       E

       "I received summons from this Hon 'hie court to depose
       witness. I brought Chinnamoopanpatti Village~· revenue
       records for the year 1983 with regard to S. No. 18811, 18812
       & 18813. I am producing 1914 settlement."
                                                                              F
       22. From the above, it is clear that Sub Divisions 188/1, 188/2 &
188/3 were in existence at least since before 1983. The deeds on which
the reliance has been placed by the plaintiff i.e. Sale Deed dated
28.08.1992, by which Padmanabhan is said to have transferred the
property in favour of Sanjay Ramasamy as well as General Power of
Attorney dated 31.10.2007 and Sale Deed dated 04.11.2007 in the name G
of plaintiff, the suit property is not described by sub division rather it is
mentioned as part of Plot No. 188. Although, plaintiff got his plaint
amended by amending part of Plot No. 188 as Survey No. 188/3 but
Sale Deed being not for Survey No. 188/3, both the trial court and the
Appellate Court have rightly come to the conclusion that the plaintiff H
482             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2017] 5 S.C.R.


A      failed to correctly describe the suit property and it cannot be accepted
       that deeds claimed by him referred to the suit property.
          23. Learned counsel for the respondent has laid much emphasis
  on the Deed dated 29.7.1974 executed by Sundara Rajan in favour of
  Padmanabhan which has been brought on the record of paper book at
B page No. l 04. Learned counsel submits that said sale deed clearly proves
  the title of Padmanabhan over 2.79 acres of Survey No.188. The said
  deed has been filed by the plaintiff-respondent as Exhibit A-14. The
  Deed dated 29.7.1974 has been specifically considered by the trial court
  in para 9 of the judgment. The trial court has in its judgment noticed that
  plaintiff came with the case in the plaint that suit property was inherited
c by Padmanabhan, however, he relied on Exhibits A-12 to A-14 with
  regard to which there wa,s no pleading in the plaint. In his deposition,
  PW. I admitted that "it is correct to say that without disclosing this deed
  in the plaint I filed ExhibitsA-12 toA-15". When there was no pleading
  in the plaint regarding title of Padmanabhan by any other earlier deed
D except the claim of inheritance the trial court rightly discarded the Deed
  dated 29. 7.1974. It is further relevant to note that plaintiff's application
  made for amendment of the plaint in the Appellate Court was considered
  and rejected by the Appellate Court. The evidence, with regard of which
  there is no pleading, has rightly been discarded by the trial court. Unless
  there is a pleading especially with regard to the source of title, the
E defendant of a suit has no opportunity to rebut such pleading thus an
  evidence with regard to which there is no pleading can not be relied by
  the plaintiff for setting up his title in a suit. Secondly, the deed dated
  29.7.1974 referred to part ofSurveyNo.188, whereas the suit was filed
   in 2007 by the plaintiff by which date the Survey No.188 was sub-divided
F as 188/1, 188/2, 188/3. The deeds through which plaintiff claims title i.e.
   28.8.1982, General Power of Attorney dated 31.10.2007 and sale deed
   dated 05 .11.2007 do not refer to any sub-division. The plaintiff although
   amended the schedule property from part of Plot No. 188 as Survey
  No.188/3 but he failed to prove his title over PlotNo.188/3. We, thus, do
   find that the trial court after considering the document dated 29.7.1974
G held that plaintiff failed to prove his title.
              24. As noted above, there was categorical finding by trial court
      · and First Appellate Court that Defendant No. I is the owner of Survey
        No. 188/l (2 acres and 2 cents) and 188/3(2 acres and 88 cents). In the
        documentary evidence, filed by the defendant both the aforesaid sub
 H
    EXECUTIVE OFFICER,ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHASWAMY KOIL                            483
     TRUST VIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHANDRAN [ASH OK BHUSHAN, J.]

 divisions i.e. Survey No. 188/ l and 188/3 were recorded as the Temple         A
 property. In the property records maintained by the Hindu Religious &
 Charitable Endowment Department also Survey Nos. 188/ I & 188/3
 were recorded in the name ofTemple. Extract of the property registered
 was produced before the courts below which was believed.
         25. The High Court, in its judgment has also accepted that the         B
  Temple's name is recorded for Survey Nos. 188/1 and 188/3. The High
· Court, in its judgment had held thattotal extent ofl 88/1 and 188/3 is only
  5 acres and I 0 cents, whereas, plot No. 188 is 7 acres 84 cents, hence,
  the plaintiff was entitled to the remaining extent. Following observations
  have been made by the High Court in Para I 6:
                                                                                c
       "16. The first defendant has put forth its right, title and interest
       over the suit property by virtue of Exs. Bl to B3. In Exhibits
       Bl to B3, it has been clearly stated that Sub Division Nos.
       18811 and 3 are standing in the name of the first defendant
       and its total extent is 5 acre 10 cents. It has already been
       pointed out that the total extent of original Survey No. 188 is          D
       7 acre 84 cents. By virtue of Exs. Bl to B3; the first defendant
       is entitled to get only 5 acre 10 cents and in the remaining
       extent, the first defendant cannot claim any right, title and
       interest. "
       26. Thus, the High court has also affirmed the findings of the E
 courts below that Temple is entitled for Survey No. 188/ 1 and 188/3 i.e.
 5 acres and 10 cents land. In spite of the aforesaid findings, the High
 Court proceeded to decree the suit on the basis of its reasoning, as given
 in paragraphs 16 & I 8 of the judgment. Para 18 of the judgment of the.
 High Court is as below:                                                    F
        "18. Considering the fact that no document has been filed
       for the purpose of establishing that Survey No. 18812 stands
       in the name of Janaki Ammal and also considering that the
       first defendant is not the absolute owner of the entire extent
       of old Survey No. 188 except 5 acre 10 cents of land, the G
       Court can very well declare that the plaintiff is the owner of
       the suit property and since it is seenfrom Ex. A30 that the
       entire extent of old Survey number stands in the name offirst
        defendant, the ancillary relief of mandatory injunction can
        also be granted in favour of the plaintiff. "
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484             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2017] 5 S.C.R.



A            27. The High Court proceeded on the premise that no document
      has been filed for purpose of establishing that Survey No. 188/2 stands
      in the name ofJanakiAmmal and further, the High Court proceeded that
      First Defendant being not absolute owner of the old Survey No. 188
      except 5 acres and I 0 cents, the plaintiff is the owner of the rest of the
      property.
B
             28. Thus virtually, the suit has been decreed by the High Court for
      Survey No. 188/2, whereas, Survey No. 188/2 was admittedly recorded
      in the name of JanakiAmmal, who was not impleaded in the suit nor any
      relief was claimed against the Janaki Ammal or for Survey No.188/2. In
      this context, it is useful to refer to the evidence of Plaintiff himself i.e.
 c    PW 1. PW I, in his deposition before the court, has admitted the fact
      that Survey No. 188/2 is in the name of Janaki Ammal and he has not
      initiated any action against her nor she was impleaded in the suit.
      Following statement was made by the PW I in his statement:
            "It is correct to say that S.No. 18812 stands in the name of
 D          Janaki Ammal. Now the said Janaki Ammal sold that property
            to third person. I have not initiated any action to include
            Jan,aki Ammal as a party to this suit. "
             29. In view of the statement of the plaintiff himself that Survey
      No. 188/2 is in the name of Janaki Ammal, the observations of the High
 E    Court that no documentary evidence was filed for the purpose of
      establishing that Survey No. 188/2 stands ,in the name of Janaki Ammal
      are erroneous and mis-placed. When Plaintiff himself admitted that
      Survey No. 188/2 is recorded in the name of Janaki Ammal, there was
      no basis for the High Court to come to conclusion that plaintiff is entitled
 F    for the area apart from 5 acres and 10 cents, which belonged to the.
      Temple.
          30. As noted above, one of the issues framed, as to whether the
   suit is bad for non-joinder of necessary party. The said issue was
   answered against the plaintiff and it was held that suit is bad for non-
 G joinder of Janaki Ammal a necessary party, whose name was recorded
   against Survey No. 188/2. Without adverting to the said findings of the
   trial court and the Appellate Court, the High Court has erroneously
   decreed the suit of the plaintiff.
            31. There is one more reason due to which the judgment and the
 H    decree of the High Court cannot be sustained. The trial court in its
   EXECUTIVE OFFICER,ARULMIGU CHOKKANATHA SWAMY KOIL                           485
    TRUST VIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHANDRAN [ASHOK BHUSHAN, J.]


judgment has categorically recorded findings that the Defendant No. 1          A
is in possession of the suit property. In para 10 following findings have
been recorded by the trial court:
      "From the oral depositions and exhibits produced on behalf
      of defendant 1, it is clearly found that the suit property
      belonged to defendant 1 Arulmigu Chokkanatha Swamy B
      Temple and it is in its possession for a long time continuously. "
       32. One of the submissions made before the courts below, on
behalf of the defendant, was that the suit for mere declaration when the
plaintiff was not in possession of the property, was not maintainable and
hit by Section 34 of The Specific Reliefs Act, 1963, the plaintiff having      c
not sought for recovery of possession.
      33. Trial court, after considering the aforesaid submissions,
recorded its conclusions in para 14 which is to the following effect:
      "From the facts of above cited suit, plaintiff in this suit has
      prayed for the relief of declaration without seeking the relief D
      of recovery of possession and under these circumstances, it
      is clearly seen that the plaintiff is not entitled to get such
      relief Therefore, it is held that the suit is not maintainable
      legally."
       34. Section 34 of the Specific Reliefs Act, 1963 provides as follows:   E
      "Section 34. Discretion of court as to declaration of status or
      riyltt.-Any person entitled to any legal character, or to any
      right as to any property, may institute a suit against any person
      denying, or interested to deny, his title to such character or
      right, and the court may in its discretion make therein a                F
      declaration that he is so entitled, and the plaintiff need not in
      such suit ask for any further relief
       Provided that no court shall make any such declaration where
       the plaintiff, being able to seek further relief than a mere
       declaration of title, omits to do so.                                   G


       35. In the present case, the plaintiff having been found not to be in
possession and having only sought for declaratory reliefs, the suit was
clearly not maintainable and has rightly been dismissed by the trial court.
                                                                               H
486            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                            [2017] 5 S.C.R.



A     In this context the reference is made to the judgment of this Court
      reported in Ram Saran and Anr. versus Smt. Ganga Devi, AIR 19 72
      SC 2685, wherein para I & 4 following was stated:
            "1. This is a plaintiffs ' appeal by special leave. Ram Saran
            and Raghubir Saran, the plaintiffs are brothers. They jointly
B           owned suit property with Chhabili Kuer widow of Lalita
            Prasad. After the death of Chhabili Kuer on February 8, 1971,
            Ganga Devi the defendant in the suit came forward as the
            legal representative of Chhabili Kuer and got the. mutation
            effected in her name in the place of the deceased Chhabili
            Kuer. In 1958, the plaintiffs brought this suit for a declaration
 c          that they are the sole owners of the suit properties. They did
            not claim possession either of the entire or even any portion
            of the suit properties.
             4. We are in agreement with the High Court that the suit is hit
            by Section 11._of the Specific Relief Act. As found by the fact-
 D          finding Courts, Ganga Devi is in possession of some of the
            suit properties. The plaintiffs have not sought possession of
            those properties. They merely claimed a declaration thaUhey
             are the owners of the suit properties. Hence the suit is not
             maintainable."
 E           36. The plaintiff, who was not in possession, had in the suit claimed
      only declaratory relief along with mandatory injunction. Plaintiff being
      out of possession, the relief of recovery of possession was a fm1her
      relief which ought to have been claimed by the plaintiff. The suit filed by
      the plaintiff for a mere declaration without relief of recovery of possession
 F    was clearly not maintainable and the trial court has rightly dismissed the
      suit. The High Court neither adverted to the above finding of the trial
      court nor has set aside the above reasoning given by the trial court for
      holding the suit as not maintainable. The High Court in exercise of its
      jurisdiction under Section I 00 C.P.C. could not have reversed the decree
      of the courts below without holding that the above reasoning given by
 G    the courts below was legally unsustainable. We, thus, are of the view
      that the High Court committed error in decreeing the suit.
            37. The decree of the High Court is also contradictory. The High
      Court has affirmed the findings that Defendant No. I is the owner of the
      Survey No. 188/1 and 188/3, whereas, by decreeing the suit for declaration
 H
   EXECUTIVEOFF!CER,ARULM_IGUCHOKKANATHASWAMYKOLL                              487
    TRUSTVIRUDHUNAGAR v. CHANDRAN [ASH OK BHUSHAN, J.]


and mandatory injunction the name of Defendant No. I is to be removed          A
and replaced by plaintiff which is clearly erroneous and unsustainable.
       38. ln view of the above, judgment of the High Court cannot be
sustained. The High Court committed an error in reversing the judgments
of the trial court and the First Appellate Court. In result, the appeal is
allowed and the judgment of the High Court is set aside and those of trial     B
court and the First Appellate Court are restored.


Kalpana K. Tripathy                                          Appeal allowed.