GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AND ANR.versusHARJINDER SINGH AND ANR.

          'GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AND ANR.                            A
                                  v.
                  HARJINDER SINGH AND ANR.

                            JULY 14, 1994
                                                                         B
     [KULDIP SINGH, R.M. SAHAI AND FAIZAN UDDIN, JJ.)

      Gwu Nanak Dev University Ca/endm 1991: Volume-11-l'art- B--Or-
dinances lO(h) and (j), 11and13.

      Examination-Use of unfair means by eraminee-Subject expert con- C
firming copying from incriminating material-Standing Committee also found
the answen verbatim 'from incriminating material-Charge of using unfair
means held proved-Definition under Ordinance 10 held inclusive and not
exhaustive-Coven use of unfair means by any Act or omissiolt-Non-
recovery of incriminating material from possession of candidate held of no D
consequence.

      The respondents appeared in B.A. Part-II English (C) Examination
at Ramgarbia College, Pbagwara Centre, Punjab. On the examination day,
the Oying squad visited the centre and found that there was total cbaose
in the examination ball and many students possessed incriminating E
material and on seeing the members of the Oying squad they started
throwing away the same in between the lines of the desks. Accordingly, the
In-charge of the Oying squad reported the matter to the University. Apart
from the report of the Oying squad the university also received a specific
complaint accompanied by carbon copies, printed material and photo-stat F
copies of the band written slips with the allegations that the candidates
made use of the material while giving answers to the question papers.
Therefore, the university decided to enquire into the matter and accord-
ingly sent the answer books to the subject expert for bis scrutiny who
confirmed the allegations contained in the complaint and found that the
respondents bad copied from the incriminating material. Accordingly, the G
respondents were charged for using unfair means in the examination
under Ordinance lO(h) and 0) read with Ordinance 11 and 13 of the Guru
Nanak Dev University Calendar Volume II (1991). The respondents were
given opportunity to meet the charges before the Standing Committee of
the University but the Committee was not satisfied with the replies sub- H
                                  671
    672                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A milted by the respondents. Besides the Standing Committee also found
    that the answers written by the respondents were verbatim from the
    incriminating material. Consequently the Standing Committee held the
    respondents guilty of using unfair means in the examination and dis-
    qualified them for two years from appearing in any examination of the
    University. The respondents filed a petition before Punjab and Haryana
B   High Court which quashed the order stating' that the decision of the
    University was based on no material and the provisions of Ordinance were
    not applicable to the case in question because (i) there was no material
    before the Committee that the respondents received any help from any
    source and merely because the answers to some questions in the answer
C sheet tallied with some material will not prove that candidate had received
    help from inside or outside; (ii) no incriminating material was received
    from the respondents. Against the decision of High Court, University
    preferred the present appeal.

          Allowing the appeal and setting aside the judgment of the High
D Court, this Court
         HELD : 1. The High" Court fell into patent error in .quashing the
    proceedings of the standing committee and the consequent orders of the
    University. [678-A]
E         2. The charge against the respondents is covered by Ordinance lO(j)
    and 13 of the University Ordinances. The definition of 'Unfair means' in
    Ordinance 10 is on the face of it inclusive and not exhaustive. The menace
    of copying has already reached an alarming stage and in fact is a disgrace
    to our education system. There is no end to the Ingenuity in discovering new
F   techniques and methods of copying iu the examination .halls. It is not,
    therefore, possible to give an exhaustive definition of 'unfair means'. Or-
    dinance 10 covers use of unfair means in or in re1ation to the examination
    by any act or omission on the part of the candidate. It may be covered by any
    of the instances given in clauses (a) to (k) of Ordinance 10 or even other-
G   wise. So long as the university has communicated the charge to the can-
    didate in clear terms and has given him opportunity to defend, the
    candidate cannot be heard to say that be is not guilty simply because be is
    not covered by any of the clauses in Section 10 of the Ordinance. [677-B-D]

         . 3. It cannot be a mere coincidence that answers given by the respon-
H   dents tally verbatim with answers contained in the incriminating material.
         G.N.D.UNIVERSITY v. H. SINGH [KULD!P SINGH, J.]                 673

It was not the case of the respondents before the standing committee that A
they had crammed the answers from any book or any other source.
Therefore, in the facts and circumstances of this case specially as reported
by the Dying squad the non recovery of the incriminating material from
the possession of the candidates is of no consequence. [677-G-H]

 )    CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4767 of                   B
1994.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 21.5.92 of the Punjab &
Haryana High Court in C.W.P. No. 2450 of 1992.

      Sardar Ajit Singh and S.K. Gambhir for the Appellants.
                                                                                c
      Dr. Surat Singh and Pramod Sharma for the Respondents.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      KULDIP SINGH, J. Special leave granted.                                   D

      Harjinder Singh and Amendeep Singh, respondents in the appeal
herein, were found guilty of using unfair means in B.A. (II) Examination
held in May, 1991 by the Guru Nanak Dev University and were debarred
from appearing in any university examination for a period of two years. The     E
respondents challenged the action of the university by way of a writ petition
under Article 226/227 of the Constitution of India before Punjab and
Haryana High Court at Chandigarh. The High Court by its judgment dated
May 21, 1992 allowed the writ petition and quashed the orders of the
university. This appeal by the Guru Nanak Dev University, is against the
judgment of the High Court.                                                     F

      The respondents appeared in B.A. Part-II English (C) Examination
on May 26, 1991 at Ramgarhia College, Phagwara Centre, in the State of
Punjab. The flying squad visited the centre while the examination was going
on. What the flying squad noticed in the examination centre at best be          G
described by quoting the report of the In-charge flying squad which was
sent to the university. The relevant part is as under : -

         "It is submitted that I as a member of the Flying Squad, visited
         Ramgarhia College, Phagwara on 265.1991. I was assigned Centres
         No. 4 & 6 of this College. Before entering the Centre No. 4, when H
    674                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) SUPP.1 S.C.R.

A            I entered this College premises, there was crowd of unwanted,
             hooligan students. I asked the sepoy of Home Guard on duty to
             disperse this mob. After this, some of the students did run away,
             but the others continued interfering with the smooth conduct of
             examination in both the Centres from outside. The situation of
             Centre No. 4 was very deplorable. Many students possessed in-
B
             criminating material and when the members of the flying squad
             entered the examination Hall, they started throwing away the
             incriminating material in between the lines of Desks. With this
             action, there was a complete chaos, but situation was controlled
             with great difficulty. After this the incriminating papers were
c            recovered from two students bearing Roll Nos. 51419 and 65810.
             Their cases were written on UMC forms No. B-2038 and B-2037
             respectively.

                After this, when we entered Centre No. 6, meant for private
             candidates we found the situation of this Centre worse. There was
D
             no control at all in this Centre. There was total chaos."

           Apart from the report of the flying squad the university received a
    specific complaint accompanied by carbon copies, printed material and
    photo-stat copies of the hand written slips with the allegations that the
E candidates appearing in B.A. Part-II English (C) on May 26, 1991 at
    Ramgarhia College, Phagwara Centre made use of the said material while
    giving answers to the question paper. Keeping in view the scenario
  · depicted by the flying sq:iad the university decided to enquire into the
    complaint received by it. The answer books pertaining to the above Centre
F were sent "' the subject expert for his scrutiny and report. The subject
    expert confirmed the allegations contained in the complaint and found that
    the respondents had copied from the incriminating material. The respon-
    dents were charged for using unfair means in the examination and were
    given opportunity to meet the charges. The respondents were served with
    show cause notices and were asked to appear before the standing commit-
G tee of the university to defend the charges under Ordinance lO(h) & G)
    read with Ordinances 11 & 13 the Guru Nanak Dev University Calendar
    Volume II (1991). Not satisfied with the replies submitted by the respon-
    dents, the standing committee of the university found the respondents
    guilty in its proceedings dated december 20, 1991. The relevant part of the
H proceedings in Amandeep's case is reproduced as under : -
        G.N.D.UNIVERSITYv. H. SINGH (KULDIP SINGH,J.]                  675

       "The specific allegations against the aforementioned candidate are A
       that he copied answer to Q. No.III & VII from the incriminating
       material.

           The candidate was issued show cause notice for the commission
       of offences under Ordinance lO{h) and G) read with Ordinance
       11 and ordinance 13 published in the GNDU Calendar Vol. II,
                                                                              B
       Part-B, 1991 and in pursuance thereof he appeared before the
       Committee today. The allegations levelled against him were nar-
       rated to him in detail enabling him to give his explanation, if any.
       The candidate denied the charges as incorrect and also denied
       having copied from the incriminating material circulated in the        c
       Centre.

           We have examined the case from all aspects. The subject-expert
        in his report has clearly stated that the candidate has copied
        answer to Q.No. III & VII. We have also ourselves compared the
        answerbook of the candidate with the corresponding answer in the      D
        incriminating materiel and found the answer to Q.No. III & VII
        verbatim in the answerbook and incriminating material. Hence
        both the charges levelled against the candidate are proved beyond
        doubt.
                                                                              E
           We, therefore, hold the candidate guilty of the commission of
        offence under Ordinance 100) .read with Ordinance 11 and Or-
        dinance 13 mentioned above and disqualify him for two years
        under each count. from appearing in any examination of the
        University. Both the punishments shall run concurrently."
                                                                              F
The proceedings of the standing committee in the case of Htlljinder Singh
are almost in similar terms.

      The High Court quashed the proceedings of the standing committee
of the university on the following reasoning :
                                                                              G
        "A bare perusal of sub-clauses (i) to (h) shows that this was to
        apply if some material was found in possession of the candidate.
        Clause G) is to apply if the candidate had received any help from
        inside or outside the examination hall. Ordinance 13 with has been
        reproduced in the written statement provides that if the candidate H
    676                        SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A          had received or attempted to receive help from any source and in
           any manner, he could be disqualified from appearing in any ex-
           amination for a period of not less than two years. The allegation
           of the petitioners that no incriminating material was recovered
           from their possession was not specifically denied in the written
           statement by the University. Thus, Ordinance 10 clause (h) will
B          not be attracted to the case in hand. In similar circumstances, we
           held so in Sanjeev Sharma's case. As far as sub-clause (j) Or-
           dinance 10 is concerned, there was no material before the Unfair
           Means Committee that the Candidates received any help from any
           source. Merely because the answers to some questions in the
c          answer-sheet tallied with some material, may be from a book, will
           not show that the candidates had received any help from inside or
           outside the examination hall. There has to be some material to give
           a finding on question covered by clause (j) and it is only thereafter
           that Ordinance 13 would come into play. In such circumstances it
           would be a case based on no material."
D
          It would be useful at this stage to have a look at the relevant
    university Ordinances which are reproduced hereunder :

           "Ordinance 10.
E             The use of unfair means in or in relation to the nomination
           shall include the ~ollowing acts or omissions on the part of the
           candidate viz.                                             ·

           (a) to (h) ....................... ..
F          (j) receiving help or attempting to receive help for answering the
           question paper from any source in any manner, inside or outside
           the examination hall.

           (k) x x x x x x x x
G
           Ordinance 13.

               If the answer book of a candidate shows or it is otherwise
           established, that he had received or attempted to receive help from
           any source and in any manner, or has given help or attempted to
H          give help to another candidate in any manner, he shall be dis-
           G.N.D.UNIVERSITY v. H. SINGH [KULDIP SINGH, J.)                   677

          qualified from appearing in any examination for a period of not           A
          less than two years.'

 The expression 'unfair means' has been defined in Ordinance 10 of the
  University Ordinances. The definition is on the face of it inclusive and not
  exhaustive. The menace of copying has already reached at in alarming stage
  and in fact is a disgrace to our education system. There is no end to the
                                                                                    B
  ingenuity in. discovering new techniques and methods of copying in the
  examination halls. It is not, therefore, possible to give an exhaustive defini-
  tion of "unfair means'. The framers of the Ordinances have rightly given
  an inclusive definition to the said expression in Ordinance 10. We are of
  the view that Ordinance 10 covers use of unfair means in or in relation to        C
  the examination by any act or omission on the part of the candidate. It may
  be covered by any of the instances given in clauses (a) to (k) of Ordinance
  10 or even otherwise. So long as the university has communicated the
. charge to the candidate in clear terms and has given him opportunity to
  defend, the candidate cannot be heard to say that he is not guilty simply         D
  because he is not covered by any of the clauses in Section 10 of the
  Ordinance.

        The flying squad found that many students possessed incriminating
 material and on seeing the members of the flying squad they started
 throwing away the same in between the lines of the desks. The situation E
 was deplorable and there was total chaos in the examination hall. In the
 background of the situation in the examination hall as depicted by the flying
 squad the university was justified in inquiring into the complaint received
 by it. The subject expert on examination of the answer books and compar-
 ing the same with the incriminating material came to the conclusion that F
 the respondents had copied from the incriminating material. The standing
 committee, on comparison found that the answers to question numbers 3
 & 7 were verbatim copied from the incriminating material. It was, there-
 fore, proved to the satisfaction of the standing committee that the respon-
 dents received help in answering .the question paper from the incriminating G
 material. The charge is covered by Ordinances lOG) and 13 of the Univer-
 sity Ordinances. We are of the view that in the facts and circumstances of
 this case specially as reported by the flying squad the non recovery of the
 incriminating material from the possession of the candidates is of no
 consequence. It cannot be a mere coincidence that answers given by the
 respondents tally verbatim with the answers contained in the incriminating H
    678                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A   material. It was not the case of the respondents before the standing
    committee that they had crammed the answers from any book or any other
    source. We are, therefore, of the view that the High Court fell into patent
    error in quashing the proceedings of the standing committee and the
    consequent orders of the university.                                  ·

B        We allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the High
    Court dated May 21, 1992 and dismiss the writ petition filed by the
    respondents before the High Court. No costs.

    T.N.A.                                                    Appeal allowed.