Holding

The Court upheld the High Court’s findings that the late filing of the nomination paper and the failure to take the oath were mandatory defects, and that the alleged payments did not constitute bribery as the respondent was not a candidate at the relevant time and no bargaining was proved.

Summary

Harjit Singh Mann challenged the election of S. Umrao Singh on three grounds: the alleged late filing of his nomination paper, failure to make the required oath, and alleged bribery by the respondent. The Supreme Court held that the nomination paper was filed after the statutory deadline of 3 p.m., a mandatory defect under Section 33 and Section 36(2)(b) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, and therefore could be rejected. It also affirmed that the oath required by Article 173 of the Constitution had not been made, another mandatory ground for rejection. Regarding the bribery allegation, the Court found that the respondent was not a "candidate" at the time of the alleged payments and that no bargaining element was proved, so the corrupt‑practice charge under Section 123 could not be sustained. Consequently, the Court dismissed the appeal with costs, upholding the High Court’s dismissal of the election petition.

Issues considered

The whether filing a nomination paper after 3 p.m. constitutes a defect of substantial character under Section 36(4) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
Whether the failure to make and subscribe the oath prescribed under Article 173 of the Constitution is a mandatory ground for rejecting a nomination.
Whether the respondent’s alleged disbursement of funds amounted to the corrupt practice of bribery under Section 123(1) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.

Legislation cited

Conduct of Election Rules, 1961
Constitution of Indias. Article 173
Representation of the People Act, 1951s. 123(1), s. 33, s. 36(2)(b), s. 36(4), s. 79

Subjects

nomination paperdefect of substantial characterelection petitionoath under Article 173corrupt practicebriberyRepresentation of the People Act

Judgment

iOl

HARJIT SINGH MANN A
v.
S. UMRAO SINGH AND OTHERS
December 12, 1979
(P. N. SH!NGHAL AND E. S. VENKATARAM!AH, JJ.J
•
Representation of the People Act, 1951 sections 33, 36(4) 'Defect of 3ub.r-
1anria/ Character'-Meaning of.

The appellant was a voter in the Constituc:~cy from. which the Respondent
was elected as a member of the State Legislative Assembly. His nomination
paper was reiected by the Returning Officer on the ground that it was filed c
beyond the time prescribed for filing nomination papCr and that he had not
made and subscribed an oath on it, as required by law.

In his petition beore the High Court the appellant contended that ( 1) tht
filing of nomination paper late by 1() minutes could not be a ground for i'cject-
i.ng the nomination paper and it was not a defect of substantial character within
the meaning of section 36(4) of the Act, (2) the allegation that be bad filed to
D
make and subscribe the oath before the Returning Officer as required by Art.
173 of the Constitutionwas not true and (3) the respondent was guilty of cor-
rupt practice of bribery. The High Court rejecting all the contentions, d~
mi.!Sed the petition.

Ilismissini: the appeal, this court E
'
HELO : I (a) It is the requirement of law that the Returning Officer should
mention the time of presentation of the nomination papers. The endorsement
by the Returning Officer shows that the nomination paper was presented on
May 18, 1977 at 15.10 by the proposer, and that the endorsement to that
effect was duly signed by the Returning Officer. [504 E-F]
F
(b) It is not correct to say that the delay in presentation of the nomination
paper was not a ground for its rejection as it was not a defect of substantial
character within the n1eaning of Section 36(4) of the Representation of Ui.
People Act. In the face of the clear requirement of section 36(2)(b) of the
Act. any other view would make the requirement for the presentation of th•
nomination paper before the last date and within the specified period of time,
unworkable for it will not then be possible to draw a line upto which the G
delay in the delivery of the nomination paper! could be condoned. If the
requirement of the law in that respect is not observed, and its breach is con·
sidered to be a defect which was not of a substantial character it may be per-
missible to go to the extent of arguing that the nomination paper may be filed
even upto the date and time fixed for the scrutiny of the nominations. That
would not only cause administrative inconvenience but put the other candidata
to a serious disadvantage for they would not be able to prepare themselves for n
any objection they may like to raise to the validity of the nomination, at tht
time of ocrutiny of the nominatiolli. [505 H, 50~ A-CJ
• ,,
•
02 SUPl\l!MI COURT JlllPOllTS [1980} 2 s.c.R.

A (c) The requirement that the nomination papera •boll be delivered belwee1t
tilo hours of eleven O'clock in the forenoon and three O'clock in tho aftern<>ff
i1 mandatory and the Returning Officer ha. no option but to reject the nomina- •
tion paper •• required by Section 36(2) of tho Act. [505 G-H]

(2) The trial court held that the oath or affirmation which was required to bo
nade or sub.scribed by the candidate had not been made and subscribed at the time
B et the presentation of the noinination papers. As the appellant wu not able. t•
,roduce the certificate of his making and subscribing the oath or affirmatio•
before the Returning Officer thereafter, in the manner alleged by him, there is
aothing wrong with the view taten by the trial court that ho did not really do
'°· [508 A-B, D-EJ

(3) It i1 an essential ingredient of the definition of corrupt practice of
C "bribery" that the gift, offer or promi.oe •hould be by the candidate or his agenl
or by any other person with the coment of the candidate or his Election Agent.
The trial court rightly took the view that it was necessary for the purpose of
proving the corrupt practice of bribery to establish that there we an element
M "bargaining" in what the rc11pondent was alleged to have done for twe
villages. When the element of bargain was completely absent from the allega-
(_ tion againat the respondent, the trial court was justified in holding that th•
alleged corrup practice hid nol been e•tablahed. [809 G, 510 H, Sll A, D-EI

Ghrui Ram v. Dal Singll and othm [1968] 3 SCR 102, Amir Chand v.
Sur<ndra Lal Jha and other> 10 ELR 57, Om Prabha lain v. A.bnash Chand
Ind another [1968] 3 SCR 111; Bhanu Kumar Shastri v. Mol1an. Lal Suklu:ulla
•ni other. [1971] 3 SCR 522; Chaitany• Kumar A.datiya v. Smt. Sushila Dixil
•ml othlfl [1976] 3 sec 97, referred to.
E
CivIL APPELLATE lURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 720 of 1978.

F
Appeal under section 116-A of the Representation of People Act
1951 from the Jt>dgment and Order dated 7-2-1978 of the Punjab
a11d Haryana High Court in E.P. No. 15/77.
Hardev Singh for the Appellant.
- ,-
'
P. P. Rao, 0. P. Sharma, R. Venkataranu'ah and R. C. Bhatia
fot the Respondents.
•
The Judgment of tho Court was delivered by
G
SHINGHAL J. This appeal by election petitioner Harjit Singh Mann
i~ directed against the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High
Court dated February 7, 1978, dismissing the petition by which he
had challenged the election of Umrao Singh, respondent No. 1, here-
inafter referred to as the respondent, from tho Nakodar constituency
H of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The result of the election was
declared on June 14, 1977, according to which the respondent was
I
declared elected a~ he secured the highest votes at the poll.
HAP.JlT SINGH v. UMRAO SINGll (Shinthol, J.) i13

~Appellant Harjit Singh Mann could not contest the election •• A
his nomination papers were rejected by the Returning Officer on May
19', 1977, which was the date fixed for the scrutiny of the nominatiom.
That' wa• taken as one of the grounds for filing the election petition,
the other ground being the co=ission or some corrupt practices by
the- re•pondent. The respondent traversed the allegations. Tho trill
court examined some of the preliminary objections and framed eight
is>uet1. The first two issues were decided in favour of the appellant.
•
A!Yregards issue No. 3, the trial court held that a part of the allega-
tion of corrupt practice which was sought to be incorporated in tho
amended petition, could not be taken into consideration as the amend-
ment was applied for after the expiry of the period of limitation; and
,, it was therefore ordered to be dtleted. The correctness of the 1bove
c
findings has not been challenged before us. In fact we are required
lo consider the trial court's findings only on issues Nos. 4, 5 and 6,
which have all gone against the appellant. Issues Nos. 7 and 8 hav•
not been pressed for our consideration. We shall therefore concern
ourselves with three issueii (Nos. 4, 5 and 6) and deal with them ooo
by one.
Issue No. 4 was to the following effect,-
"Whether Jit Ram proposer of the petitioner reached
the office of the Returning Officer at 2.50 p.m. and filed tho
nomination pape~ of the petitioner before 3.00 p.m. on E
18-5-1977 and whether the endorsement made on the nomi-
nation papers that the nominatio;, papers were received at
3.10 p.m. was wrongly made and thereby illegally rejected
the nomination papers of the petitioner on 19-5-1977? If
so, to what effect."
Tho appellant's allegation in this respect was that although Jit F
Ram (P.W. 7), who had proposed his candidature, reached tho office
of the Returning Officer after depositing the necessary security in the
bllllk at 2.50 p.m. on May 18, 1977, and the Returning Officer placed
the nomination papers on his table, he wrongly asked Jit Ram to tab
back the nomination papers saying that the time for filing them had
expired. It was further alleged that the Returning Officer got annoy- G
•
ed when Jit Ram protested that ho bad filed the nomination papeo in
~
time, and that he wrongly noted down the time ot presentation of the
•' nomination papers as 15.10 hours. As has been stated, tho trial court
hu disbelieved the averment of tho petitioner in thi.t reapoct and
found the issue against him. H
We have gone through the statement of. Jit Ram P.W. 7 who,
according to the appellant'1 case, preientecl the nomination papeu to
SUPl.l!MB COUJl.T UPOJlTS [1980] 2 s.c.-.

A tl!e Returning Officer. The witness has however admitted in cross-
uamination that when he was trying to deliver the nomination papers,
the Returning Officer "said that he objected to the delivery of the
•
nomination papers as the time was over". The witness no doubt
claimed that he reached the office of the Returning Officer, after
depositing the security at about 2.45 p.m. and that when the Returning
• Officer told him that the time for the filing of the nomination papers
had expired, some four other "persons" standing in the office of the
Returning Officer said that "still two minutes remained for it bccom"
ing 3 O'clock and some said that one minute still remained". The
trial court disbelieved that version of Jit Ram. He really could not
even read the time in the clock of the trial court, for when he deposed
c that it was 3.19 p.m., the time accordingly to that clock was 3.6 p.m.
Jit Ram did not therefore have the capacity of reading or stating the
time correctly, and it may in fact be said that what he deposed about
the presentation of the' nomination papers a couple ri minutes or a
minute before 3 p.m. was nothing but hearsay. 'i'he trial court has
D examined the other evidence of the parties, including the statement of
Returning Officer Manohar Singh R.W.l, and we have no doubt that
its finding that the nomination papers were filed 10 minutes after 3
p.m. is fully borne out by the evidence on the record and is correct.
It has to be appreciated that it is the requirement of the law that
the Returning Officer should mention the time of the presentation of
the nomination papers, and that endor'sement Ex. P.W.1/19 has been
proved by the Returning Officer. It shows that the nomination papers

-
were presented on May 18, 1977 at 15.10 hours by the prop"scr,
and the endorsement to that effect was duly signed by the Returning
Officer. There is no reason to disbelieve that evidence. The fact of
r--
late presentation of the nomination papers was reiterated by the
Returning Officer in his order of scrutiny Ex. P.W.1/20 on '
May 19, 1977. In that order he clearly stated that as the nomi-
nation paper was delivered to him on May 18, 1977 after 3 p.m. i.e.
at 15.10 hours by the proposer Shri Jit Ram, he rejected it for that
reason and also for the reason that the required oath or affirmation
G was not made by the candidate. It may be mentioned that the form
of the nomination paper prescribed by the Conduct of Election Rulei1, •
1961, provides for the issue of a receipt for the nomination paper
and the notice of scrutiny, which has to be handed over to the person
presenting the nomination paper. The serial number of the nomina-
tion paper, the name of the candidate, the name of the constituency,
H the date and time of presentation of the nomination paper and the
date and time fixed for its scrutiny had therefore to be mentioned in
that receipt, and we find from the judgment of tho trial court that the .
r
HARJIT SINGH v. UMRAO SINGH (Shinghal, J.) 50 5

non-production of that receipt by the appellant has rightly been taken A
as a circumstance against him. fJn the evidence before it tho tri>il
court was justified in finding issue No. 4 against the appellant and
in holding that the nomination ptljlers were filed after the expiry of
the time prescribed for them i.e. at 3.10 p.m.

An attempt was made to argue that the delay in the presei:tation
of the nomination papers in question could not justify its rejection 2s
it was not a defect of a substantial character within the meanillg of
sub-s. (4) o fs. 36 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951,
hereinafter referred to as the Act. In order to appreciate the «rgu-
ment it is necessary to make a cross-reference to sub-s.(1) of s. 33
of the Act which provides as follows,-
" 33 (1) On or before the date appointed under clause
(a) of section 30 each candidate shall, either in person or
by his proposer, between the hours of eleven O'clock in the
forenoon and three o'clock in the afternoon deliver to the
r~urning officer at the place specified in this behalf in the D
notice issued under section 31 a nomination paper completed
in the prescribed form and signed by the candidate and by an
elector of the constituency as proposer".

It is therefore the requirement of that sub-section that, inter alia, the
nomination paper shall be deliv'ered to the Returning Officer between E
• the hours of eleven O'clock in the forenoon and three O'clock in the
afternoon,. so that a nomination paper delivered after three O'clock
in the afternoon cannot be said to comply with that provision of s. 33.
Sub-section (2) of s. 36 of the Act, which provides for the exami-
nation of the nomination papers for the purpose of deciding all
objections made to any nomination, requires that the Returning F
Officer shall reject any nomination paper on the grownds mentioned
in the sub-section. We am concerned with ground No. (b) which
provides as follows : -
"(b) that there has been a failure to comply with any of
the provisions of section 33 or section 34". G
So as there was failure to comply with that provision of s.
33 which
required the delivery of the nomination paper between the hours of
eleven O'clock in the forenoon and three O'clock in the afternoon, the
Returning Officer had really no option but to reject the nomination
paper.
H
We have considered the argument that such a defect was not of a
substantial character within the meaning of sub-s. ( 4) of s. 36 of the
11-21 SCI/80
506 Slll'REME COuRr REPORTS [1930] 2 S.l:.R.

A Act, but we are unable to uphold it in the face of the clear require-
ment of ground (b) of sub-s. (2) of s. 36, referred to above. It has
to be appreciated that any other View would make the requirement
for the presentation of the nomination paper before the last date for
making nominations, and within the specified period of time, unwork-
able for it wi'Jl not then be possible to draw a line upto which the
delay in the delivery of the nomination papers conld be condoned. In
.fact if the requirement of the law in that respect is not observed, and
its breach is considered to be a defect which was not of a substantial
character, it may be permissible to go to the extent of arguing that
the nomination paper may be filed even upto the date and time fixed
for the scrutiny of the nominations. That would not only cause ad-
c ministrative inconv~nience but put the other candidates to a serious
disadvantage for they would not be able to prepare themselves for
any objection they may like to raise to the validity of the nomination
at the time of the scrutiny of the nominations. We have no hesita-
tion therefore in taking the view that the failure to comply with the
D requirement that the nomination papers shall be delivered betweea
the kours of eleven O'clock in the forenoon and three O'clock in. the
afternoon is mandatory and the Returning Officer was justified in
rejecting th~ nomination paper in question bec~use of its breach. A
similar provision in an election rule has been stated to be manda'°Iy
in Rogers on Elections, Volume III, twentyfirst edition, at page 74,
and it has been observed that the rule must be "literally complied •
with". Refemci in this connection may be made to Cutting v.
Windsor('). There Avary J., referred to the requirement of r. 7 in
Part II of the third Schedule to the Municipal Corporations Act,
1882. according to which the nomination paper had to be delivered
before five O'clock in the afternoon of the last day for the delivery of
F nomination papers, and rejected the argument that what had occured
there was a pure technicality. He held as follows,-
"So far as rule 7 provided for the time within which
nomination papers must be delivered at the town clerk's
office it was mandatory. It was not within the discretion of
G the town clerk to receive nomination papers after the hour >
specified in the rule, nor was it competent to that Court to
say that the delivery of a nomination paper after the pres-
cribed time constituted a good nomination. Mr. Windsor
had never been duly nominated and his election must be
declared void. Mr. Cutting was the only other candidate
H Rnd he must be declared to have been duly elected".

(I) XL. T.L.R. 395.
HARJIT SINGH v. UMRAO SINGH (Shinghal, J.) 507

Horridge J., agreed with him saying that if Windsor had never been A
nominated it was impossible fo.r the Court to say that his election was
in accordance with the principles laid down in the body of the Act.
The same view has been expressed in Parker'~ Conduct of Parlia-
mentary Elections, 1970, on page 137,-
"The returning officer has no power to extend the time B
for delivery (see Howes v. Turner, 1 C.P.D. 680, Cutting v.
Windsor, 40 Times L.R. 395)".
The matter has been dealt with in Parliamentary Efections by A.
Norman Schofield, second edition, on pages 149-150 under the
rubic "Delivery at wrong time" and it has been held that the require-
c
' ment in that respect is mandatory.
So as the provision of s. 36 regarding the delivery of the nomi-
nation papers between the hours of eleven O'clock in the forenoon
and three O'clock in the afternoon was not complied with, the Return-
ing Officer had no option but to rejoct the nomination paper in
question as required bys. 36(2) (b) of the Act and the finding of the D
trial court in that respect is quite correct.

Issue No. 5 raises the question whether the appellant reached
.the office of the Returning Officer at 3.45 p.m. on May 18, 1977,
ai•d took oath in the presence of the Returning Officer who, however,
failed to make the necessary endorsement on the nomination E
'
paper.

It is not in controversy that it was obligatory under cl. (a) of
Art. 173 of the Constitution for the appellant to make and subscribe,
before a person authorised in that behalf by the Election Commission, F
·an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose
in the Third Schedule, and that he could not be qualified to be
chosen to fill a seat iq the Legislature of a State without doing so.
The in1portance of that requirement of the Constitution has been re-
iterated in sub-s. (2) of s. 36 of the Act for ground No. (a) there.
of provides that the Returning Officer shall reject a nomination paper G
on the ground that on the date fixed for the scrutiny of nomination
the candidate was, inter alia, not qualified to be chosen to fill the
' seat in the Legislative Assemly under Art. 173 of the Constitution.
The requirement for the making and subscribing the oath or affirma-
tion was therefore clearly mandatory.
H
The appellant tried to establish the plea that he reached the office
of the Returning Officer at 3.45 p.m. on May 18, 1977, and took
508 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [t9g()] 2 S.C.it.

A oath in the prisence of the Returning Officer who, however, failecF
to make the necessary endorsement to that effect. That averment
was denied on behalf of the respondent, and we find that the trial
court has adequately dealt with the evidence on the record in that
respect. It will be sufficient for us to mention that the Election
Commission took care to point out the importance of the require-
B ment for the making and subscribing the oath or affirmation in their
"Handbook for Returning Officers", and directed that the "authorised
person" before whom that was done would "forthwith give a certi-
ficate to the candidate" that he had made and subscribed the oath
before him on the date and hour mentioned in the certificate. It
has been emphasised that the certificate would be given to the
c candidate without his applying for it, for that would avoid all con-
troversy later ou as to whether he had taken the oath or not.
Annexure VI provides for the issue of that certificate in the portion
which appears just below the perforated portion of the form of oath
or affirmation prescribed by the. Constitution. It may be pointed
D out in this connection that the appellant admitted in his statement
that he was given a slip by his proposer Jit Ram P.W. 7, in which
it was mentioned that he should take oath or make the affirmation
before the Returning Officer on May 19, 1977. It is therefore quite
dear that the oath or affirmation had not been made or subscribed '-
at the time of the presentation of the nomination papers, and as the
E appellant was not able to produce the certificate of his making or
subscribing the oath or affirmation before the Returning Officer there-
after, in the manner alleged by him, there is nothing wrong with the
view taken by the trial court that he did not really do so, and we do
not think it necessary to reappraise the evidence in that connection.

F
Issue No. 6 dealt with the question whether the respondent was
guilty of the corrupt practice of bribery alleged in paragraph 11 of
the petition. The allegations were amended by the appellant, but
a part of them were ordered to be deleted and there is no grievance
in that respect. The remaining allegation was to the following
G effect,- >

"11. That after the last Parliament Elections and instal-
lation of Janta Party Government at the Centre, it became
evident that the State Government would be toppled and
H the Ministers of the Previous Congress Government and
specially respondent No. 1 with a view to bribe the voters
or the Constituency, he started giving large sum of dis-
HARJIT SINGH v. UMRAO SINGH (Shinghal, J.) 509

cretionary grants in the Constituency. To name a few A
Bara Pind, Littran, Dalla etc. He used his influence in
the Department that the funds were released during the
Elections. This was done with the object of influencing the
electors of those villages to vote in favour of respondent
No. 1. Respondent No. 1 went to village Bara Pind on
·25-5-1977 at 5.00 p.m. and in the presence of Master B
Jasmel Singh handed over a cheque No. K-314781 dated
29-4-1977 for a sum of Rs. 20,000/- out of the accounts
of Punjab State Sports Council to the lady Sarpanch Smt.
Banti and Biant Kaur and gave a lecture requesting the
co-villagers to vote for him, since he had given the money.
On 27-5-1977 respondent No. 1 went to village Littran at
c
4 p.m. and gave a cheque of Rs. 5,000/- in the presence
of about 50 villagers including Chanan Singh Mistri to S.
Balwant Singh Bali a cheque No. K-314782 and called upon
those present to vote for him. The cheque was issued out
the funds of Punjab State Sports Council". D

- It is hardly necessary to say that the allegations were traversed by
the respondent and the trial court found that they had not been
established. The corrupt practice which was thus alleged against the
respondent was one under s. 123(1) (a) (b), according to which E
any gift, offer or promise by a candidate or his agent or by any
-..-- other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent
of any gratification, to any person whomsoever, with the object,
<lirectly or indirectly of inducing an elector to vote or refrain from
voting at an election is a corrupt practice. In view of the allegations
F
mentioned above, it appears that it was not the allegation of the
appellant that the gift, offer or promise was made as a reward to an
elector for having voted or refrained from voting within the meaning
,of sub-cl. (ii), and it could only be said to fall nnder sub-clause
, (b) of s. 1 (A) as the allegation was that the bribery was meant to
induce the electors to vote for the respondent. It is nonetheless an G
essential ingredient of the definition of the corrupt practice of
"bribery" that the gift, offer or promise should be by the candidate
or his agent or by any other person with the consent of the candi-

..
date or his election agent. Part VI of the Act deals with disputes
regarding elections and Part VII deals with Corrupt Practices and
Electoral Offences. Section 79 of the Act provides that both in Parts H
~
VI and VII, unless the context otherwise requires, the definitions
mentioned in it would govern the interpretation of those parts. Clause
510 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1980_1 2 S.C.R,

A (b) of thesection defines the expression' candidate' as follows,- ' .
Collows,-

" 'Candidate' means a person who has been or claims to
have been duly nominated as a candidate at any election".

B It has therefore to be seen whether the respodent had been · duly
nominated as a candidate at the election in question, or whether he
claimed to be duly nominated at that election at the time when the·
corrupt practice was alleged to have been committed by him. It is
nobody's case that the respondent laid any such claim at any point
of time until his nomination paper was scrutinised; and he was held"
c to he a validly nominated candidate only after the nomination was
scrutinised by the Returning Officer on May 19, 1977. He could'.
not therefore be said to be a 'candidate' within the meaning of s. 123
read with s. 79 of the Act until that date. The allegation in para-
graph 11 of the election petition was to the effect that the cheque
of Rs. 20,000/- was delivered at village Bara Pind on May 25, 1977
D and the votes were solicited on that date. As regards village Littran,
the allegation was that a cheque of Rs. 5,000/- was delivered on
May 27, 1977 and votes were solicited. It is not disputed however
that the precise evidence against the respondent was that he made
an order for the delivery of Rs. 20,000/- on April 17, 1977 in res-
pect of village Bara Pind and on April 29, 1977 in respect of village '
E
Littran, in his capacity as the Minister for Revenue. Both these
orders were therefore made before the respondent was a candidate
at the election in question and it .is not disputed before us that he
ceased to be a minister on April 30, 1977, when Punjab was brought
under the President's rule. So even if it were assumed that the
F respondent sanctioned the two payments for the purpose of gaining
popularity in Bara Pind and Littran villages, with an eye to his
ultimate candidature from Nakodar Assembly constituency, it cannot •
be said that his action amounted to a gift, offer or promise by him
as a "candidate" at the election in question so as to amount to the
corrupt practice of bribery under cl. (1) of s. 123 of the Act. As
G regards the alleged distribution of cheques on May 25 and May 27,
1977, it will be enough to say that even if it were presumed that
the respondent was allowed to do so after he ceased to be a Minister,
the mere delivery of cheques could not possibly amount to bribery

H
when, as has been stated, there was no element of bargain in regard
to it ..•
It may be mentioned that the trial court rightly took the view
that it was necessary for the purpose of P.roving the corrupt practice
•

HARJIT SINGH v. UMRAO SINGH (Shinghal, J.) 511

of bribery to establish that there was an element of "bargaining'' in A
what the respondent was alleged to have done for Bara Pind and
Littran. Reference in this connection may be made to the decision of
this Court in Ghas11 Ram v. Dal Singh and others( 1) where it wasl
held with refer~nce to the decision in Amirchand v. Surendra Lal !ha
and others(2) that if a Minister redress the grievances of a class
of the public or people of a locality or wnders them any help, on
the eve of an election, it is not a corrup practice unless he obtains
promises from the voters in return, as a condition for his help. It
was also held that the "evidence must show clearly that the promise
or gift directly or indirectly was made to an elector to vote or refrain
from voting at an election", and that "if there was good evidence
that the Minister bargained directly or indirectly for votes, the result
c
might have been different". The decision in Ghasi Ram's case
(supra) was followed in Om Prabha Jain v. Abnash Chand and
another,(') Blwnu Kumar Shastri v. Mohan Lal Sukiuidia and
others(') and Chaitanya Kumar Adatiya v. Smt. Sushi/a Dixit and
others.(') It was therefore necessary for the appellant to plead and D
prove that there was bargaining between the respondent and the voters
and he did what he is alleged to have done in Bara Pind and Littran
for that reason but, as the trial court has pointed out, there was
no such allegation in the election petition. So when the element of
bargain was completely absent from the allegation against the res-
' pondent, the trial court was justified in holding that the alleged E
corrupt practice had not been established. The trial court h"s con-
sidered the evidence on the record in this respect and its finding on
issue No. 6 is quite correct and nothing worthwhile has been urged
before us to require its reconsideration.

As there is no merit in this appeal, it is dismissed with costs. F

N.K.A. Appeal dismi1sed.

,

(I) [1968] J S.C.R. 102.
(2) lOE.L.R. 57.
(J) [1968] C S.C.R. lll.
(4) [1971] 3 S.C.R. 522.
(S) [1976] 3 S.C.R. 97