HAZARILALversusSTATE OF M.P.

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                                       HAZARILAL                                        A
                                             v.
                                      STATE OF M.P.

                                      JUNE 20, 2007

                       [DR. ARJJIT PASA YAT AND D.K. JAIN, JJ.]                         B


               Penal Code, 1860-ss.498A-Prosecution ulss. 304 B and 498 A-
         O/accused-husband-Deceased committed suicide after ten days she was
         blessed with a son-Deposition of parents of deceased was relatable to C
         dowry alone-Conviction by trial court for both the offences-High Court
         acquitting him uls 304 B holding that there was no question of demand
         of dowry-But convicting under 498A holding that because suicide was
         committed, there must be some harassment and cruelty-On appeal, Held:
         Conviction under s. 498A is impermissible in absence of any material to
         show harassment or cruelty-Conviction cannot be recorded on surmises D
         and conjectures.

               Appellant - accused (husband) and co-accused (mother of the
         apptllant} \\aii prosecuted for alleged com mission of offence punishable u/
         ss 304-B and 498-A IPC. According to prosecution, the appellant's wife
         committed suicide by burning herself in the house of her husband after IO      E
         days she was blessed with a son. PWs 1 and 2 (parents of the deceased)
         had deposed that the deceased had complained to them that the accused
         persons were harassing her by demanding dowry. Trial court held the
         accused persons guilty for commission of offences charged under.

               High Court acquitted the co-accused (mother of appellant) of both        F
         the charges. It acquitted the appellant-accused u/s 304 B holding that there
         was no evidence of demand of dowry. However it convicted the appellant u/
         s 498A holding that after giving birth to a child she could not have
         entertained the idea to commit suicide unless she was being harassed.
         Hence the present appeal.                                                      G
               Allowing the appeal, the Court

,~            HELD: The evidence of PWs I and 2 was only relatable to dowry.
         The High Court held that there was no question of demand of dowry, and in
                                           1081                                         H
    1082                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2007) 7 S.C.R.

A fact, appellant was financing the father of the deceased. There being no other
    material to show as to how the deceased was being harassed or subjected to
    cruelty, the conclusion of the High Court that because the deceased committed
    suicide there must be some harassment and cruelty is insupportable and
    indefensible. There was no material to substantiate this conclusion. Merely
B   on surmises and conjectures the conviction could not have been recorded.
    There is a vast difference between "could have been", "must have been" and
    "has been". In the absence of any material, the case falls to the first category.
    In such a case conviction is impermissible. (Para SJ (1084-B, C, DJ

           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 585 of
c 2001.
         From the Final Judgment and Order dated 24.3.2000 of the High Court
    of Madhya Pradesh at Jabalpur in Criminal Appeal No. 382 of 1993.

           Vikas Singh Jangra (for Hari Shankar K, Adv.) for the Appellant.
D          Govind Goyal (for C.D. Singh) for the Respondent .
           ·'
           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

           DR. ARIJIT PASA YAT, J. I. Appellant calls in question legality of the
    judgment rendered by a learned Single Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High .
E   Court, Jabalpur. Appellant along with his mother Smt. Sumatra11i faced trial
    for alleged commission of offence punishable under Sections 304-B and 498A
    of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short the 'IPC'). The learned second
    Additional Se!">sions Judge, Sagar, in Sessions Case No.125 of 1990, held the
    accused persons guilty and convicted each for offence punishable under
F   Sections 3048 and 498A IPC and imposed sentence of I 0 years and 3 years
    respectively with fine of the second offence. .

         2. Dashoda Bai (hereinafter called as 'deceased') was the daughter of
    Asha Ram (PW- I) and Parvati Bai (PW-2). According to the prosecution she
    committed suicide by burning herself on 28.8.1989 in the house of her husband.
G   About JO days before the occurrence she was blessed with a son.

           3. Prosecution version in a nutshell is as follows:

          In January, 1989 Dashoda Bai came to the house of her parents and told
    them that now she would not go to the place of her in-laws because she, was
H   being harassed by her mother-in-law and being beaten by her husband. She
                      HAZARILALv. STATEOFM.P. [PASAYAT. J.)                    1083
     had also shown the marks of the injuries to them . According to her the they       A
     were demanding a golden ring. golden chain and a fan as dowry. They were
     threatening that accused-appellant Hajarilal would re-marry. The parents of
     the deceased complained to Motilal. father of Hajarilal that their daughter was
     being harassed and beaten by the mother-in-law and the husband. Motilal
     promised that there would be no such complaint in future . On this assurance       B
     the parents of the girl sent her with Motilal. . On the birth of the male child
     the parents of the girl sent certain gifts which have been described as
     "Panch". On that occasion accused Hazarilal had expressed that he was not
     happy with the deceased and her father should take her away. He also
     expressed that he does not want to keep her. On 22.9.1989 Motilal lodged
     the F.l.R. (Ex.P/10) at Garhakota Police Station that Dashoda Bai had sustained    C
     burn injuries. She died on account of those injuries. The accused pleaded
     not guilt} . Their defence was that Dashoda Bai died on ac ...ount of bursting
     of the stove. It was further stated that the father of the deceased asked
     Motilal to make a gift of eight acres of land in favour of the child left by the
     deceased and on his refusal to do so he has given a false statement to the
     police.                                                                            D

           4. The trial court held the accused person guilty and as noted above
     sentenced them.

··         5. In the appeal before the High Court it was urged that there was no
     evidence to establish the demand of dowry and also there was no evidence E
     that the deceased was being harassed and subjected to cruelty. The High
     Court found that there was no evidence of demand of dowry. The prosecution
     version relating to demand of dowry of golden ring, golden chain and a fan
     did not appear to be true. It noted that the father of the deceased had been
     financed by the appellant for purchase of some articles and in fact the F
     appellant had taken a loan in his name for the purpose. The amount was far
     in excess of the cost of the golden ring. Therefore, the High Court noted that
     he was not demanding any dowry. Accordingly, the convictions so far as
     related to Section 304-B was set aside in respect of both the accused persons.
     So far as the accusation under Section 498A was concerned, the High Court
     came to hold that after giving birth to a chilci in the normal course she could G
     not have entertained th~ idea to commit suicide unless she was being harassed
     by the appellant. Accordingly conviction under Section 498 · w~:; maintained
     only so far as it related to appellant but the co-accused was acquitted.

           6. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted     H
    1084                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    (2007( 7 S.C.R.

A that after having recorded a positive finding that there was no question of
    any dowry demand the conviction in tenns of Section 498A was clearly
    untenable .

          7. Learned counsel for the State on the other hand submitted that
    though there was no evidence of any demand for dowry, the harassment and
B   cruelty could be for special reasons .

          8. The evidence of PWs I and 2 show that they spoke about the dowry
    to be the basis for suicide. The High Court came to the conclusion that
    because the deceased had given birth to a child there was no reason for her
C   to commit suicide. The evidence of the parents of the deceased PWs I and
    2 was only relatable to dowry. The High Court held that there was no
    question of demand of dowry, and in fact, appellant was financing the father
    of the deceased PW I. There being no other material to show as to how the
    deceased was being harassed or subjected to cruelty, the conclusion of the
    High Court that because the deceased committed suicide there must be some
D   harassment and cruelty is insupportable and indefensible. There was no
    material to substantiate this conclusion. Merely on sunnises and conjectures
    the conviction could not have recorded. There is a vast difference between
    "could have been'', "must have been" and "has been". In the absence of any
    material, the case falls to the first category .. In · such a case conviction is
    impennissible.
E
         9. That being so, the conviction as recorded by the High Court cannot
    be maintained and the order of the High Court is unsustainable and indefensible.

           JO . The appeal is allowed . The bail bonds executed for the purpose of
    bail stand discharged.
F
    K.K. T.                                                       Appeal allowed.