IMRAT SINGH & ORS.versusSTATE OF MADHYA PRADESH

                       [2019] 14 S.C.R. 1047                          1047


                     IMRAT SINGH & ORS.                               A
                                v.
                STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH
                 (Criminal Appeal No.480 of 2009)
                       OCTOBER 24, 2019                               B
      [DEEPAK GUPTA AND ANIRUDDHA BOSE, JJ.]
      Penal Code, 1860:

       ss.148 and 302 r/w. s.149 – Conviction under – By courts
                                                                      C
below – Relying mainly on two eye-witnesses viz. PW10 and PW11
– Appeal to Supreme Court – Held: There are many material
contractions in the evidence of PW10 and PW11 – There is absence
of examination of many important witnesses – There is a possibility
of concoction of prosecution story – Investigation also does not
seem to be fair – Therefore, conviction by courts below based on      D
the testimony of the witnesses was not correct – Accused are liable
to be acquitted.

      Allowing the appeal, the Court

       HELD: 1. There are many material contradictions in the         E
statements of the two witnesses i.e. PW10 and PW11. A doubt is
cast that these witnesses are prepared witnesses who have come
out with a parrot like version as far as the incident itself is
concerned but when it comes to the attending circumstances,
their evidence falls apart and does not withstand the scrutiny of
                                                                      F
cross-examination. These witnesses have been improving their
statements with the passage of time. There is also contradiction
in the statement of these two witnesses as to who informed the
villagers about the death of the deceased. [Paras 5, 10] [1050-F;
1052-G]
                                                                      G
      2. The manner in which the site plan was prepared clearly
indicates that the investigation was not a fair investigation.
[Para 12] [1053-D]

      3. The versions of PW15 and that of PW10 are totally
different. This casts a serious doubt on the prosecution story.       H
                             1047
1048            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2019] 14 S.C.R.


 A     Another factor is that a number of very important witnesses who
       should have been examined have not been examined. [Paras 16,
       17] [1054-G; 1055-A]

              4. The FIR has been recorded admittedly after visiting
       the spot by the police and, therefore, there is a possibility that
 B     the story could have been concocted after seeing the site and
       conferring with all the villagers. It has come on record that the
       deceased was not a very popular man. He had a lot of enemies. It
       has also come in evidence that almost all the witnesses have
       some criminal antecedents and some cases are pending against
 C     them. It may be true that there was enmity between the two sides.
       Enmity, as is often said is a double edged sword. It can be the
       motive but it can also be a reason to falsely implicate the other
       side. In the present case, keeping in view the various
       contradictions and the fact that in view of the contradictions it is
       difficult to rely upon the statements of PW-10 and PW-11 as well
 D     as PW-6 and PW-7, a doubt has been cast and the benefit of doubt
       has to be given to the accused. The High Court and the Trial
       Court did not take into consideration these contradictions of the
       witnesses and relied upon the witnesses especially PW-10 and
       PW-11 without referring to the attending circumstances.
 E     [Paras 18 and 19] [1055-C-F]

            CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
       No.480 of 2009.

             From the Judgment and Order dated 24.10.2008 of the High
 F     Court of Judicature of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, Bench at Gwalior in
       Criminal Appeal No. 132 of 1995

             Shikhil Suri, Adv. (A.C.)

             Ms. June Chaudhary, Sr. Adv., Mohd. Parvez Dabas, Uzmi Jameel
 G     Husain, Ms. Shilpa Saini, Shakil Ahmed Syed, Advs. for the
       Appellants.

            Rahul Kaushik, Ms. Bhuvneshwari Pathak, Ms. Shilpi Satyapriya
       Satyam, Advs. for the Respondent.

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   IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH                             1049


      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                             A
      DEEPAK GUTPA, J. (ORAL)
       1. This appeal by the convicted accused is directed against the
judgment dated 24.10.2008 passed by the Division Bench of the High
Court of Madhya Pradesh, whereby the High Court upheld the judgment
of the Sessions Judge, Datia dated 30.03.1995 convicting the appellants      B
of having committing offences punishable under Sections 148 and 302
read with 149 of the Indian Penal Code. Appellants were sentenced to
undergo life imprisonment for the offence of murder and two years
rigorous imprisonment for the offence punishable under Section 148 IPC.
They were also directed to pay fine of Rs.25,000/- and in default of         C
payment of fine further three years rigorous imprisonment.
       2. Shortly stated the prosecution case, as reflected in the FIR is
that on 25.05.1994 at about 2 pm., Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11), who were coming from village Baron Kalan to village
Kotra, saw the accused persons beating Gajraj Singh with lathis at a         D
place called Brar Khora. These two witnesses asked why the accused
were beating Gajraj Singh and then they were threatened by the accused.
Being scared, they ran away from the spot to save their own lives. Then
they reached village Kotra and thereafter went to the police station at
about 5 pm. to lodge the FIR. We may also add that though this is not
part of the FIR, during the course of investigation it has transpired that   E
Somati (PW-6) and Raghubir (PW-7) last saw Gajraj Singh with accused
Imrat Singh. Both, the Trial Court and the High Court, have accepted
the testimony of Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) to be
true and accepting their evidence to be true and treating these two
witnesses as eye-witnesses have convicted all the accused as aforesaid.      F
Hence, the present appeal.
       3. The main contention raised before us by Ms. June Chaudhary,
learned senior counsel, as well as Mr. Shikhil Suri, whom we had asked
to assist us as amicus, is that the testimonies of Lakhan Singh (PW-10)
and Ram Singh (PW-11) are totally untrustworthy and cannot be relied         G
upon. They submit that if the testimonies are read as a whole along with
the other attending circumstances, to which we shall advert later, no
reliance can be placed on these two witnesses and, therefore, the
conviction is liable to be set aside. Even with regard to Somati (PW-6)

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1050             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2019] 14 S.C.R.


 A     and Raghubir (PW-7), it is submitted that their testimonies are
       contradictory and cannot be relied upon and at best the testimonies will
       go against Imrat Singh and not against any of the other accused.
              4. We need not refer to the FIR in detail. We will straight away
       deal with the statement of the two star witnesses of the prosecution
 B     Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11). They are both residents
       of Village Kotra. Their version is that they had gone to village Baron
       Kalan since they both had worked there and Lakhan Singh (PW-10) had
       to meet a potter Bhagwan Dass to get some work done. According to
       them, when they were returning from Baron Kalan and had reached
       near Brar Khora they saw all the five accused Imrat Singh, Hetam
 C     Singh, Raghubir Singh, Nirbhaya Singh and Ratan Singh beating Gajraj
       Singh with lathis. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10), this occurrence
       took place in Brar Khora near the passage where they were walking.
       Whereas according to Ram Singh (PW-11), the distance was only 10
       steps. Both of them stated that when they enquired from the accused as
 D     to why they were beating Gajraj Singh, they were also threatened and
       then they ran away. As far as this part of the story is concerned, there is
       complete identity between the versions of those two witnesses. It is
       almost a parrot like version. The question is whether these witnesses
       are telling the truth or not. If we were to rely only on this portion of the
       testimony there would be no difficulty in upholding the judgment of the
 E     High Court.
              5. The subsequent portion of the statements of these witnesses is
       so much at variance with each other and there are so many material
       contradictions in the statements of these two witnesses that as far as
       other aspects are concerned, a doubt has been cast in our minds that
 F     these witnesses are prepared witnesses who have come out with a parrot
       like version as far as the incident itself is concerned but when it comes
       to the attending circumstances their evidence falls apart and does not
       withstand the scrutiny of cross-examination.
             6. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10), immediately after the
 G     incident, they reached village Kotra. Lakhan Singh (PW-10) states that
       on reaching village Kotra he narrated the entire incident to Vrish Bhan
       Singh, Man Singh, Rudra Singh and Kishori. None of these four have
       been examined. Thereafter, Har Bilas (PW-15), who happens to be the
       brother of the daughter-in-law of the deceased came to village Kotra
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   IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH                             1051
                 [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]

and he was informed about the occurrence. If the occurrence occurred         A
at about 2 pm., the witnesses would have reached village Kotra in 10
minutes at the most. Mahender Singh (not examined) and Jabbar (not
examined) also arrived in the village. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-
11), one Raghubir, servant of Brij Mohan, came and told him that the
dead body of Gajraj Singh was lying in the jungle at Khora. Here it is
                                                                             B
pertinent to mention that Raghubir (PW-7), who has been examined, is
actually servant of Gajraj Singh and not of Brij Mohan, but we will, for
the sake of this case, accept that Raghubir, who has been referred to in
the statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10), is the servant of Brij Mohan.
       7. Thereafter, according to Lakhan Singh (PW-10) he went to the
police station to report the matter and lodged the complaint vide report-    C
Exhibit P-10, which was read over and explained to him. However, in
cross-examination he gives a totally different version. According to him,
he had reached the village Kotra between 2.30 and 3 pm. and thereafter
he, Rudra Singh, Ajab Singh (not examined), Har Bilas and Ram Singh
(PW-11) consulted with each other and then went to report the matter to      D
the police. When they reached the police station the Head Constable,
who was present in the police station, stated that he was calling the
SDOP and the FIR would be lodged and further action will be taken only
after the SDOP was called. Thereafter, the SDOP reached the police
station at about 6 pm. and then Lakhan Singh reported the entire matter
to the SDOP. It would be pertinent to mention here that neither the          E
Head Constable nor the SDOP have been examined. Whereas in
examination-in-chief this witness has stated that his report was lodged
as soon as he reached the police station but when cross-examined he
was forced to admit that the report was lodged only on the arrival of the
SDOP who further advised that they will visit the place of occurrence        F
first and then lodge the report, which means that an oral report was
lodged with the SDOP, then some persons went to the spot and after
coming back from the spot the formal FIR was lodged.
      8. Interestingly, this witness states that many villagers, including
Ram Singh, along with SDOP and other police officials had visited the        G
place of occurrence but he did not go to the place of occurrence with
the SDOP.
      9. Coming to the statement of Ram Singh (PW-11), as we have
mentioned above, as far as the main witnesses are concerned, statement
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1052             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2019] 14 S.C.R.


 A     is almost similar. He also states that he went to the police station and
       lodged the report. However, he states that when they reached the village
       they did not tell anybody about the incident after reaching the village.
       This conduct is not natural. He then states that Har Bilas, Mahender
       Singh and Raghubir then informed in the village that Gajraj Singh had
       expired. This is totally different from what has been stated by Lakhan
 B
       Singh. This witness also states that site plan of the place of occurrence
       was not prepared by the police in his presence. He states that the site
       plan does not bear his signatures. This witness has been confronted with
       the statement recorded under Section 161 Cr.P.C. (Ex.D-5) wherein the
       fact that he had seen the occurrence from a distance of 10 steps, has
 C     not been specifically stated. We do not find this a material contradiction
       because in a Section 161 statement a person may or may not state the
       exact distance. However, whereas in Court this witness states that when
       Gajraj Singh was being beaten up, the accused were asking Gajraj Singh
       why he had not voted for Meera, this fact was not recorded in the Section
       161 statement which is a material contradiction because if this had actually
 D
       happened, this would have been recorded in the statement under Section
       161 Cr.P.C. and would have also been stated by Lakhan Singh (PW-10)
       who was along side Ram Singh (PW-11). This clearly shows that these
       witnesses have been improving their statements with the passage of
       time.
 E            10. Another important aspect of the statement of this witness is
       that he says that when he and Lakhan Singh (PW-10) witnessed the
       incident, they rushed back to the village and went to the shop of Rudra
       Singh where Mahender Singh was also present. He states that none of
       them had made an effort to go back to the place of occurrence to save
 F     Gajraj Singh. According to him, Har Bilas came after half an hour and
       told them that Gajraj Singh had died. This is totally different from the
       statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10). According to him, it was Raghubir,
       servant of Brij Mohan, who informed about the death of Gajraj.
       Therefore, there is contradiction in the statement of these two witnesses
       as to who informed the villagers that Gajraj Singh was dead.
 G
              11. The other major contradiction is that according to Ram Singh
       (PW-11) they reached the police station at 5 pm. at which time the
       Deputy Superintendent of Police had already reached the police station.
       This is totally different from the statement of Lakhan Singh (PW-10).

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   IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH                               1053
                 [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]

According to this witness, Lakhan Singh (PW-10) narrated the whole             A
incident to the Deputy Superintendent of Police and thereafter the Deputy
Superintendent of Police said that they would first go to the place of
occurrence and see the dead body and the complaint will be registered
thereafter. It seems that his reference to the Deputy Superintendent of
Police is to the same person referred to as the SDOP by Lakhan Singh
                                                                               B
(PW-10). The contradiction is that whereas Lakhan Singh (PW-10) stated
that this person was not at the police station and came after about one
hour, according to Ram Singh (PW-11) this person was already at the
police station.
       12. The first site plan (Ext.P-18) was prepared by Head Constable
Sita Ram, who has not been examined, however, it is counter signed by          C
one Jagdish, who has been examined as PW-14. Interestingly, the site
plan is alleged to be signed by both Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11) and the site plan indicates that it was prepared on the
instructions given by Lakhan Singh but Lakhan Singh states that he never
went to the place of occurrence with the police and Ram Singh states           D
that he never signed the site plan. We are not using the site plan to
support the prosecution case or the case of the accused but the manner
in which the site plan was prepared clearly indicates that the investigation
was not a fair investigation.
      13. We shall now deal with Somati (PW-6) and Raghubir (PW-7),            E
the witnesses on whom the prosecution places reliance for the purpose
of the last seen theory. However, before we deal with these two
witnesses, it would be pertinent to mention that the prosecution had also
examined one Smt. Puniya as PW-5, who has turned hostile. We are
recording this fact because her name finds mention in the statement of
both these witnesses.                                                          F

       14. According to Somati (PW-6) at about 12 noon when she was
present at her well, Gajraj Singh, who was in his residence was called by
accused Imrat Singh, who informed Gajraj Singh that they will consume
liquor together and thereafter her father-in-law Gajraj Singh left with
Imrat Singh. She also states that later Puniya (PW-5) told her that she        G
(Puniya) had seen accused Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj
Singh. According to this witness, her brother Har Bilas and one Mahender
Singh came to her house and she informed them that her father-in-law
had been beaten. According to this witness, she was informed about the
                                                                               H
1054            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2019] 14 S.C.R.


 A     beating of her father-in-law by Puniya (PW-5) who has not supported
       her version. She herself had not seen her father-in-law being beaten by
       anybody. In fact, this witness in cross-examination states that it was not
       Puniya who told her about Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj
       Singh but this fact was told to her by her brother Har Bilas. As far as
       Raghubir (PW-7) is concerned, he states that the accused Imrat Singh
 B
       came at about 2 pm. and in his presence told Gajraj Singh to accompany
       him since they had prepared mutton. Interestingly, Somati (PW-6) had
       not stated that Raghubir (PW-7) was present when Imrat Singh came.
       Their version about the enticement given to Gajraj Singh is different.
       According to Somati it was liquor which was offered whereas according
 C     to Raghubir (PW-7) it was mutton which was offered to Gajraj Singh.
              15. Raghubir (PW-7) also states that he was informed by Puniya
       that she had seen Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh beating Gajraj Singh.
       According to him, thereafter he along with Har Bilas and Mahender
       Singh went towards the jungle and saw Gajraj Singh lying dead. He
 D     further states that then he went to the village and told Lakhan Singh and
       Man Singh that the dead body of Gajraj Singh was lying in the jungle. He
       then stated that the dead body was lying in the river. According to him,
       Lakhan Singh and Man Singh told him that they had already seen the
       dead body of Gajraj Singh which is not the case of Lakhan Singh at all.
 E            16. The only other important witness to whom the reference is
       being made is Har Bilas (PW-15). He states that he was informed by
       Somati that Gajraj Singh had been called by Imrat Singh and both had
       left together. According to him, Puniya reached there and informed that
       Gajraj Singh had been taken by Imrat Singh and Hetam Singh and he
       was beaten by them. Thereafter, he along with Mahender Singh and
 F     Raghubir went in search of Gajraj Singh and saw the body of Gajraj
       Singh lying in the river. He states that he saw no injuries on the body of
       Gajraj Singh which is difficult to believe because the prosecution story is
       that Gajraj Singh was beaten to death by the five accused with lathis.
       The versions of Har Bilas and that of Lakhan Singh (PW-10) are totally
 G     different. According to Lakhan Singh (PW-10) when Har Bilas (PW-
       15) came to the village, he did not know anything and it was only Raghubir
       who came and informed that Gajraj Singh was dead. This casts a serious
       doubt on the prosecution story.


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   IMRAT SINGH & ORS. v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH                                 1055
                 [DEEPAK GUPTA, J.]

      17. Another factor which we have taken into consideration is that          A
a number of very important witnesses who should have been examined
have not been examined. Neither Bhagwan Dass the potter who was
supposed to meet Harnam Singh in Bharon Kalan nor any other person
from Bharon Kalan have been examined to support the version of Lakhan
Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) that they actually went to Bharon
                                                                                 B
Kalan.
       18. The villagers who were first told about this incident by Lakhan
Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) have not been examined. The
Head Constable who is alleged to have not recorded the FIR and said
that he would wait for the SDOP has not been examined. The SDOP/
Deputy Superintendent of Police has not been examined. The FIR has               C
been recorded admittedly after visiting the spot by the police and,
therefore, there is a possibility that the story could have been concocted
after seeing the site and conferring with all the villagers. It has come on
record that Gajraj Singh was not a very popular man. He had a lot of
enemies. It has also come in evidence that almost all the witnesses have         D
some criminal antecedents and some cases are pending against them. It
may be true that there was enmity between the two sides. Enmity, as is
often said is a double edged sword. It can be the motive but it can also
be a reason to falsely implicate the other side. In the present case, keeping
in view the various contradictions pointed out above and the fact that in
view of the contradictions it is difficult to rely upon the statements of        E
Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram Singh (PW-11) as well as Somati (PW-
6) and Raghubir (PW-7), we are of the view that a doubt has been cast
and the benefit of doubt has to be given to the accused.
       19. We are of the view that the High Court and the Trial Court did
not take into consideration these contradictions of the witnesses and            F
relied upon the witnesses especially Lakhan Singh (PW-10) and Ram
Singh (PW-11) without referring to the attending circumstances to which
we have referred to in detail hereinabove. In view of the above discussion,
we allow the appeal, set aside the conviction of both the Courts below.
Accused are acquitted accordingly. Accused are on bail. Their bail bonds         G
are discharged.


Kalpana K. Tripathy                                            Appeal allowed.


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