KAMALJIT SINGHversusSTATE OF PUNJAB

                        KAMALJIT SINGH                                A
                                v.
                        STA TE OF PUNJAB

                        OCTOBER 16, 2003
                                                                      B
        [DORAISWAMY RAJU AND ARIJIT PASAYAT, JJ.]

     Criminal Trial :

     Appreciation of evidence-Medical and ocular evidence-Minor C
variations between-Effect of~Held: Ocular evidence takes primacy over
medical evidence notwithstanding minor variation between them unless
medical evidence completely rules out all possibilities of injuries-Penal
Code, 1860, Ss. 302 and 307.

      The al_)pellant-accused was tried for allegedly committing the D
homicidal death of two persons and also for causing grievous injuries
to another person. The trial court held that the prosecution case was
suspect and directed acquittal primarily on the grounds that there was
delay in lodging the FIR; that the medical evidence was at variation E
with the ocular evidence; and that PW-5 was an interested witness and
his evidence was not wholly reliable. However, the High Court convicted
the appellant under Sections 302 and 307 of the Penal Code, 1860.
Hence the appeal.

     Dismissing the appeal, the Court                                  F

      HELD : 1. It is trite law that minor variations between medical
evidence and ocular evidence do not take away the primacy of the
latter. Unless medical evidence in its term goes so far as to completely
rule out all possibilities whatsoever of injuries taking place in the G
manner stated by the eyewitnesses the testimony of eyewitnesses
cannot be thrown out. (790-G]

    Solanki Chimanbhai Ukabhai v. State ofGujarat, AIR (1983) SC 484
and State of U.P. v. Krishna Gopal, AIR (1988) SC 2154, relied on. H
                                 785
    786                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.
A        2. When the acquittal by the trial court was found to be on the
    basis of unwarranted assumptions and manifestly erroneous
    appreciation of evidence by ignoring valuable and credible evidence
    resulting in serious and substantial miscarriage of justice, the High
    Court cannot in this case be found fault with for its well-merited
B   interference. [791-A-B]

        CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    1286 of 2002.

C       From the Judgment and Order dated 31.5.2002 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in Crl.A. No. 493-DBA of 1992.

          Ranjan Lakhanpal, K.S. Barsi, Vipin Gogia and Mrs. Jaspreet Gogia
    for the Appellant.

D         Bimal Roy Jad for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         ARIJIT PASA YAT, J. : Appellant-Kamaljit Singh was tried for
E   allegedly having committed homicidal death of two persons named
    Gurcharan Singh and Sucha Singh (hereinafter referred to as-'the deceased'
    by their respective names). He was also allegedly guilty of causing
    grievous injuries on one Udhain Gosha!.

          Prosecution version as 1mfolded during trial is as follows :
F
        On 17.5.1989, Devinderpal Singh (PW-5) made statement before SI
   Harinderjit Singh, SHO PS Sadar, Patiala, near the gate of Punjabi
   University, Patiala. In the said statement it was alleged by Devinderpal
   Singh (PW-5) that he was working as a Foundary Engineer in Goetz
G Factory, Bahadurgarh, Patiala for the last six years and that his father
   Gurcharan Singh-deceased was also working in the said factory for the last
   30-32 years and was working as a Manager of Time and Labour Office.
·' It was alleged that in the said foundry, the workers used to perform their
   duties in shifts. It was alleged that on that day i.e. 17.5.1989, his shift
H timings were from 6.30 a.m. to 3.00 p.m. At about 10.30 a.m. when he
             KAMALJIT SINGH v. STATE [PASAYAT, J.]                 787

was working in the plant, at that time, his Incharge Udain Gosha!, (PW- A
6) was also present in the plant. In the meantime accused Kamaljit also
an employee of the said factory, while wearing a gatra Kirpan around his
neck, came there and told Udain Gosha! (PW-6) that he would teach him
a lesson for getting him charge sh.eeted. Immediately thereupon, accused
Kamaljit Singh took out his Kirpan from the gatra and thrust the same on B
the right side of abdomen of Udain Gosha! (PW-6). On receipt of the said
thrust blow, he (Udain Gosha!) raised an alarm and on hearing it, Harjot
Singh, another Foundry Engineer, B.V. Raju, Deputy Manager Foundry
and he (Devinderpal Singh-complainant) rushed towards Udain Gosha!
(PW-6). On raising alarm by them, accused-Kamaljit Singh ran from the C
spot and they followed him. It was alleged that when his (Devinderpal
Singh's) father-Gurcharan Singh, deceased came out from the time office
on hearing the raula, accused Kamaljit Singh gave a Kirpan blo~ on the
back of his father (deceased-Gurcharan Singh), who ran tow,ards the
foundry and on re«ching there, fell down. Deceased Sucha Singh, Senior D
Personal Manager was also standing near his father Gurcharan Singh.
When they were raising an alarm, accused gave a Kirpan blow on the chest
of deceased Sucha Singh as a result of which he also fell down. Thereafter
Devinderpal Singh (PW-5) along with Harbans Singh and Rajinder Sharma
took Gurcharan Singh, Sucha Singh and Udain Gosha!, in injured condition
to Rajindera Hospital, Patiala. Sucha Singh and Gurcharan Singh succumbed E
to their injuries in the said hospital, while Udain Gosha! (PW-6) was
admitted in the emergency ward. After leaving Harbans Singh and Rajinder
Sharma near the dead bodies of his father Gurcharan Singh and Sucha
Singh, Devinderpal Singh (PW-5) was returning to the factory when police
met him in front of the Punjabi University and he narrated the entire F
occurrence to the police and his statement was recorded. After the
occurrence accused-Kamaljit Singh along with weapon had run away from
the spot. Motive for the crime was that a few days before accused-Kamaljit
Singh had gone to the house of Udain Gosha! (PW-6) and had threatened
him that he would kill him. After this accused-Kamaljit Singh was charge G
sheeted. Since deceased Gurcharan Singh and Sucha Singh were from
personnel department, as such they were supporting Udain Gosha! (PW-
6) and for this reason accused Kamaljit Singh had grudge against him.
Devinderpal Singh, Harjot and B. V. Raju, had witnessed the entire
occurrence. After recording the aforesaid statement of Devinderpal Singh- H
    788                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.
A complainant, SI Harinderjit Singh sent the same to the police station, with
    his endorsement at 1.00 p.n;i. on the basis of which formal FIR was
    recorded in PS Sadar, Patiala at 1.15 p.m. on 17.5.1989. Investigation was
    undertaken. Devinderpal Singh (PW-5) and Udain Gosha! (PW-6) were
    stated to be the eyewitnesses. On completion of investigation, charge sheet
B   was placed and case was placed for trial. Accused pleaded false implication.
    The Trial Court held that the prosecution case was suspect and directed
    acquittal primarily on the following grounds :

             (I)   There was delay in lodging FIR;

c            (2)   The medical evidence was at variation of the ocular evidence;

             (3)   PW-5 was an interested witness and his evidence was not
                   wholly reliable.

D         State of Punjab aggrieved at the acquittal, preferred appeal. A revision
    was also filed by the informant. The High Court held that the conclusions
    of the trial Court were clearly erroneous and set aside the acquittal and held
    the accused guilty of offence punishable under Section 302 ofthe Indian
    Penal Code, 1860 (in short the 'IPC') and sentenced him to undergo
E   imprisonment for life. He was also sentenced to undergo I 0 years
    imprisonment for offence punishable under Section 307 IPC. The revision
    filed by the informant was disposed of along with the appeal by the State.

          In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted
    that the High Court should not have lightly interfered with the well-
F   reasoned and elaborately discussed judgment of the Trial Court. The three
    reasons indicated by the Trial Court who found the prosecution version
    untrustworthy have been upset by the High Court without supportable
    basis. Presence of PWs at the time of occurrence is doubtful. Attendance
    register which could have shown whether PW-5. was present at the work
G   place was not produced. Even the production sheets which would have
    substantiated the claim that h~ was working were not produced without any
    explanation for such non-production.

          PW6 who was supposedly assaulted in the same occurrence did not
H support the prosecution version and this significant aspect has been lost
              KAMALJIT SINGH v. STATE [PASAYAT, J.]                    789

sight of by the High Court. It is strange that though several telephones were A
available, no information was given to the police and only when PW5 was
allegedly returning from the hospital he met police near Punjabi University
and report was given. It is most unnatural that the person who saw his father
dead in the hospital would come to factory and not to his house or to the
police station. The medical evidence does not fit in with the manner of B
assaults as described by PW5. 1'he accused had suffered injury as stated
by DWI and since he was not in a position of mobility he could not have
inflicted injuries on three persons leaving two dead and seriously injuring
one as stated by PW5. The alleged recovery of weapon was disbelieved
by the Trial Court and the High Court did not interfere with the finding C
on that aspect.

      In response, learned counsel for the respondent-State submitted that
the presence of PW5 at the factory has been established by the evidence
on record. Though attendance register was not produced, a certificate D
certifying his presence at the factory was brought on record and the same
has not been disbelieved. Though injured (PW6) resiled from the statement
during investigation, he clearly supported the presence of PW5. Merely
because this witness made a departure from what he stated at time of
investigation, his entire evidence did not get wiped out. It is always open E
to a court to act on a portion of evidence tendered by a witness who does
not support the prosecution. So far as first information report is concerned,
the occurrence took place at I 0.30 a.m. inside the factory premises. Three
senior officers were seriously injured and PW-5 took to them so that
medical treatment could be administered. It is only to save life of the p
injured they were taken to hospital. First information report was recorded
at the police station at 1.15 p.m. It was not PW5 alone who took the injured
person to the hospital. The mere fact that nobody else tried to inform police
does not cast a shadow of doubt on the authenticity of the first information
report. When the occurrence was inside the factory complex and that too G
involving senior officers not all or any one on his own including PWs
would dare to rush to the police, to call them inside the factory and it was
too much for the trial Court to overlook this relevant aspect and entertain
any suspicion about the case of the prosecution. The High Court, therefore,
was justified in holding that the first infonnation report was immediately H
    790                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.
A lodged.

         The Trial Court was of the view that PW5 was a "transplanted"
   witness and he was introduced after consultation and confabulations. No
   relevant or just reason was indicated by the Trial Court to so conclude.
B Though effort was made to show that he was interested in the conviction
 . of the accused, the High Court analysed the evidence of his with great care
   and caution, talcing note of the fact that he was son of deceased-Gurcharan
   Singh. After detailed analysis his evidence was found credible and the
   reasons which weighed with the High Court in this regard are not shown
C to suffer any infirmity to warrant our interference. The other factor which
   weighed with the trial Court is the alleged variation between the medical
   and the ocular evidence.,~Here again, the trial Court's judgment was
   practically not based on any acceptable reason. From perusal of statement
   ofDevinderpal Singh (PW-5) and the medical evidence, referred to above,
D in our opinion, it cannot be said that there was any contradiction between
   the ocular and medical evidence. There was absolutely no occasion for the
   trial court to have observed that the evidence of PW5 Devinderpal Singh
   was not exactly in tune with the medical evidence. Gurcharan Singh,
   deceased had a stab wound on the back of the chest on "left side, 22 ems.
   Below the neck and 1 cm. from the inidline", whereas Devinderpal Singh
E (PW-5) had stated that blow was given to his father on the back towards
   the right side. In our opinion, it could not be said that there was any
   contradiction between the ocular and medical evidence when sufficient
   materials were produced to prove the presence of the accused as well as
   PW5 at the factory at time of occurrence, the fact that some or more of
F records which could have been produced but not shown to be deliberately
   withhold cannot by itself cast any shadow of doubt on the veracity of the
   prosecution version.

          It is trite law that minor variations between medical evidence and
G ocular evidence do not take away the primacy of the latter. Unless medical
  evidence in its term goes so far as to completely rule out all possibilities
  whatsoever of injuries taking place in the manner stated by the eyewitnesses
  the testimony of eyewitness cannot be thrown out. (See Solanki Chimanbhai
  Ukabhai v. State of Gujarat, AIR (1983) SC 484. The position was
H illuminatingly and exhastively re-iterated in State of U.P. v. Krishna Gopal
              KAMALJIT SINGH v. STATE [PASAYAT, J.]                    791

and Anr., AIR (1988) SC 2154. When the acquittal by the Trial Court was A
found to be on the basis of unwarranted assumptions and manifestly
erroneous appreciation of evidence by ignoring valuable and credible
evidence resulting in serious and substantial miscarriage of justice, the
High Court cannot in this case be found fault with for its well merited
interference.                                                             B
      Above being the position, the conclusions of the High Court are on
terra finna. There is no scope for interference with the impugned judgment.
The appeal fails and is dismissed.

v.s.s.                                                  Appeal dismissed.