KESHABO AND ANR.versusSTATE OF M.P. AND ORS.

                             KESHABO AND ANR.                                           A
                                         v.
                          STATE OF M.P. AND ORS.

                               JANUARY 8, 1996

              [K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.]                                    B
      Madhya Pradesh Revenue Code, 1959 :
     Sections 165(6) and 170 ( 1)-Sale of land ~f the Bhumiswami rights by
aboriginal tribe to non-tribal persons-Without prior permission of
Collector-Held void-Application filed after two years from date                   ~f    C
sale-Being a beneficial legislation and a niatter of public policy and discretion
authorities have jurisdiction to entertai11 the application through _flied beyond
limited period.

      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2021of1996.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 7.5.92 of the Madhya Pradesh High               D
Court in M.P. No. 1499 of 1992.

      Ms. Ma'na Chakraborty and Raj Kr. Mehta for the Appellants.

      The following Order or the Court was delivered :

      Leave granted.                                                                    E
      This appeal by special leave arises from the order dated May 7, 1992 of
the Division Bench of the High Court of M.P. In M.P. No. 1499/92. The
admitted position is that Section 165 of the M.P. Revenue Code, 1959 (for short,
"the Code") was enforced in Gariaband area from October 2, 1959 by way of
an amendment and publication in the Gazette. The sale of the land of the                F
Bhumiswarni rights in favour of the appellants by the Adivasi (Scheduled
Tribe) Somu Gond was made on December 23, 1960. Ultimately, the Board of
Revenue in its order dated January 16, 1992 in Revision Case No. 150/90
confirming the order of Additional Commissioner dated 23.9.1990 held that
even prior to 1976, even under the unamended Section 165(6) of the Code it
is mandated that the purchaser should obtain prior permission from the competent        G
authority for alienation of the Bhumiswami right of the adivasis. Since the
permission was not taken, the sale was held void. The High Court by its order
dated May 7, 1992 affirmed the view of the Board of Revenue.

      It is contended by the learned counsel for the appellants that the notification
under sub-section (6) of Section 165 was published in 1977 and the sale having          H
                                        209
 /

     210                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [1996] l S.C.R.
A    been made in 1960, the finding of the Tribunal that the sale is void, is not correct
     in law. We find no force in the contention. Section 165(6) reads thus :                ,   '
              "Notwithstanding anything in sub-section (I) the right of Bhumiswami
              belonging to a 1ribe which has been declared to be aboriginal tribe by
              the State Government by a notification in that behalf for the whole or
B             part of the area to which this code applies shall not be transferred to
              a person not belonging to such tribe without the permission of a
              Revenue Officer not below the rank of Collector, given for reasons to
              be recorded in writing."

         A reading of this sub-section would also clearly indicate that the
C Bhumiswami right belonging to a tribe, which has been declared to be ab
  oriniRal tribe by the State Government by a notification in that behalf, for the
  whole or part of the area to which the Code applies, shall not be transferred to
  a non-tribal person, not belong to such tribe, without prior permission of the
  Revenue Officer not below the rank of CoUector, given for reasons to be
  recorded in writing. The Board of Revenue has pointed out that prior to the
D amendment in 1976, obtaining penrussion for alienation of the land was a
  condition precedent. If that condition precedent, viz., obtaining prior permission
  from the competent authority for reasons to be recorded therein was not taken,
  the sale in contravention of the Act, therefore, becomes void. It is a welfare
  legislation made to protect the ownership rights in the land of a Scheduled Tribe
  to effectuate the constitutional obligation of Articles 39(b) and 46 of the
E Constitution read with the Preamble. Economic empowerment of a tribal· to
  provide economic democracy is the goal. Prevention of exploitation of them
  due to ignorance or indegency is constitutional duty under Article 46. Agricultural
  ]and gives economic status to the tiller. Therefore, any alienation of land in
  contravention of the above objectives is void. It is contended that the applica-
p tion under Section 170 (1) should have been filed within two years from the
  date of sale. Since the application was not so filed, the authorities were not right
  in directing entertainment of the application. It is not in dispute that the
  authority has jurisdiction suo motu to go into the violation of the statutory
  provisions. Even otherwise, since it is a beneficial legislation, the authorities
  are bound to give effect to constitutional policy ; they are not devoid of
G jurisdiction, even if it is filed beyond limitation to entertain the applications. It
  is a matter of public policy and of discretion. Under these circumstances, we do
   not think there is any substantial question of law warranting interference.

            The appeal is accordingly dismissed. No costs.

     G.N.                                                           Appeal Dismissed.