L. V ASANTHA KUMARIversusBALAMMAL AND ORS.

                       L. VASANTHA KUMAR!                                A
                                     v.
                         BALAMMAL AND ORS.

                         NOVEMBER 30, 1994

         [K. RAMASWAMY AND N. VENKATACHALA, JJ.]                         B
    Kera/a Land Reforms Act, 1964:

   Section 2(25) Explanation H-A~'Kudikidappukaran'-Meaning of-
Any one satisfying the requirements of Explanation II-A and its proviso
would be deemed 'Kudikidappukaran '.                                    C
    Words and Phrases:

    'Kudikidappukaran '-Meaning of-In the context of Kera/a Land
Reforms Act, I 964.

     By a sale deed S sold certain property to V. By an agreement D
respondent agreed to purchase the said property from V. Based on .
that, he filed a suit for specific performance which was decreed and
u'ttimately confirmed by the High Court. Thereafter the respondents
filed a suit for possession on the ground that the appellant trespassed
into the land and the hut and therefore, she was liable to be ejected.
The suit was decreed. On appeal it was reversed. The High Court in E
second appeal confirmed the decree passed by the trial court. Hence
this appeal.

    Allowing the appeal, this Court

    HELD : 1. The appellant is 11 deemed Kudikidappukaran within F
the meaning of Explanation II-A to section 2(25) of the Kerala Land
Reforms Act, 1964. As such the appellant is not liable to be ejected by
the decree. Thereby the suit is not sustainable and the decree granted
by the trial court and affirmed by tile High Court is clearly illegal.
                                 .                         [216 H, 219 C]
                                                                         G
    2. As to operation of Explanation II-A what is relevant to be
considered is that the perwn claiming to be deemed
Kudikidappukaran, he/she shall be in occupation of the land and the
dwelling house as on August 16, 1%8, whether constructed by himself
or by herself or by any of his predecessors-in-interest or it may belong
to any other person. Another condition to be fulfilled is that the person H
                                     215
        ·216                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A       continued to remain in possession till January 1, 1970. On satisfying
        these requirements the person in possession shall be deemed to be
        Kudikidappukaran. In the plaint it was admitted that the appellant
        trespassed in the building on November 4, 1955 and took residence
        therein. In view of that admission since she came into the occupation of
        the building as on November 5, 1955 much before the ·specified date
B       and remained to be in possession even till date, the necessary
        conclusion would be that she became the deemed Kudikidappukaran.
                                                                    [218 E to G)

             S. Appukuttan v. Thundiyil Janaki Amma and Anr., [1988) 2 SCC 372,
        relied on.
c
            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION                   Civil Appeal No. 1911' of
        1984.

             From the Judgment and Order dated 28.11.83 of the Kerala High Court
        in S.A. No. 686 of 1978-C.                                       ,    .
D
               G. Viswanatha Iyer, N. Sudhakaran, for the Appellant.

               P.S. Poti, S. Balakrishnan, for the Respondents.

               The following Order of the Court was delivered by:
E            This appeal raises question of law of general importance. Though the
        respondents were successful all through, they are now losing the battle in
        this Court. The property initially belonged to one Subramonian Pillai. By
        the sale-deed dated October 5, 1955, Subramonian Pillai sold the property
        in question to one Vaikuntam Pillai. By agreement dated October 15, 1956,
F       the respondent agreed to purchase the property from Vaikuntam Pillai.
        Based on that agreement, he filed a suit for specific performance which was
        decreed and ultimately confirmed by the High Court on November 18, ,
        1963. Thereafter, the respondents filed O.S. No. 76/67 on the file ofMunsif
        Court, Trivandrum for possession on the ground that the appellant
        trespassed into the land and the hut on November 4, 1955, and that,
G       therefore, she is liable to be ejected. The suit was decreed by the trial court.
        pn appeal, it was reversed and in Second Appeal No. 686/78, by judgment ·
        dated' November 28, 1983, the High Court reversed the decree of the
        appellate court and conf!p11ed that of the trial court. Thus this appeal.
                               .
    .   The question js whether the ;ippellaµt is deemed a Kudikidappukaran
H , within the meaning of Explanation II-A of ·section 2(25) of the Act 1 of
                       L. V. KUMAR! v. BALAMMAL                        217

1964 as amended by A1;t 35           of 1969.     Section 2(25) defines A
Kudikidappukaran as :-

             "(25) 'Kudikidappukaran' means a person who has neither a
             homestead nor any land exceeding in extent three cents in
             any city or major municipality or five cents in any other
             municipality or ten cents in any panchayat area or township,       B
             in possession ei1her as owner or as tenant, on which he could
             erect a homestead and -

             (a) who has been permitted with or without an obligation to
             pay rent by a person in lawful possession of any land to have
             the use and occupation of a portion of such land for the           C
             purpose of erecting a homestead; or

             (b) who has been permitted by a person in lawful possession
             of any land to o;cupy, with or without an obligation to pay
             rent, a hut belonging to such person and situate in the said       D
             land; and 'kudikidappu' means the land and the homestead or
             the hut so permi1ted to be erected or occupied together with
             the easements attiched thereto."

     Explanation II-A was introduced by Aniendment Act of 1972 with.
retrospective effect. Explanation II-A reads tlius:
                                                                                E
            ·"Explanation II-A - Notwithstanding any judgment, decree
             or order of any court, a person, who on the 16th day of
             August, 1968, was in occupation of any land and the
             dwelling house thereon (whether constructed by him or by
             any of his predecessors-in-interest or belonging to any other      F .
             person) and contmued to be in such occupation till the 1st
             day of January, 1970, shall be· deemed to be a
             kudikidappukaran."

    The proviso was also added thereto -
                                                                                G
             "(a) in case wLere the dwelling house has not been
             constructed by such person or by any of his predecessors-in-
             interest, if -

             (i) such dwelling house was constructed at a cost, at the time
             of construction, exceeding seven hundred and fifty rupees; or.     H
                                                                          •.'
     218                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A                   (ii) such dwelling house could have, at the time of
                    construction, yielded a monthly rent exceeding five rupees;
                    or

                    (b). if he has a building or is in possession of any land
                    exceeding in extent three cents in any city or major
B                   municipality or five cents in any other municipality or ten
                    cents in any panchayat area or township, either as owner or
                    as tenant, on which he could erect a building."

          Though section 2(25) defines Kudikidappukaran, the definition by
     operation of the Amendment Act and introduction of Explanation II-A has
c    no materiality for the purpose of this case. The Explanation II-A is only
     material. It contemplates in the main part of the definition of
     Kudikidappukaran and notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of
     any court, a person, who on the 16th day of August 1968, was in
     occupation of any land and the dwelling house thereon whether constructed
     by him or by any of his predecessors-in-interest or belonging to any other
D    person and continued to be in such occupation till the first day of January,
      1970, shall be deemed to be Kudikidappukaran. It would appear that there
     was a chain of decisions of the Kerala High Court interpreting in one way
     or the other of the definition of Kudikidappukaran and to remove the
     doubts, thus cropped up the need for legislature to step in and introduce
     Explanation II-A, with retrospective effect. As to operation of this
E    Explanation, what is relev~t to be considered is that the person claiming to
     be deemed Kudikidappukaran, he/she shall be in occupation of the land and
     the dwelling house as on August 16, 1968, whether constructed by himself
     or by herself or by any of his predecessors-in-interest or it may belong to
     any other person. Another condition to be fulfilled is that the person
     continued to remain in possession till January 1, 1970 under general
F
     Clauses Act, male includes female. On satisfying these requiJ:ements the
     person in possession shall be deemed to be Kudikidappukaran. In the plaint
    _it was admitted that the appellant trespassed in the building on November 4,
                                                                                      ...
     1955 and took up residence therein. In view of that admission since she
     came into the occupation of the building as on November 5, 1955 much
G    before the specified date and remained to be in possession even till date, the
     necessary conclusion would be that she became the deemed
     Kudikidappukaran.

         This Court, in S. Appukuttar v. Thundiyil Janaki Amma and Anr.,
     [1988] 2 SCC 372, interpreting Explanation II-A introduced by 1972.
H    Amendment Act held that the restricted interpretation cannot be given to
                        L. V. KUMAR! v. BALAMMAL                         219

the definition under Explanation II-A. The Explanation equates an occupant A
of a homestead or a hut thereon during the relevant period with a
Kudikidappukaran as defined in the main clause. Accordingly, anyone
satisfying the requirements of Explanation II-A and its proviso would be
statutory deemed as one perm. tted to occupy a homestead or a hut thereon
as envisaged in sub-clause (a) and (b) of section 2(25) and would
automatically be entitled to have the status of Kudikidappukaran and to all B
the benefits flowing therefrom.

     In that view of the matter and in view of the admission of the
respondents in the plaint and the interpretation given herein before, it must
be held that the appellant is a deemed Kudikidappukaran within the
meaning of Explanation II-A to section 2(25) of the Kerala Land Reforms         C
Act. As such the appellant is not liable to be ejected by the decree. Thereby
the suit is not sustainable and the decree granted by the trial court and
affirmed by the High Court is clearly illegal. The appeal is accordingly
allowed and the suits stand dismissed. Parties to bear their own costs
throughout.
                                                                                D
G.N..                                                       Appeal allowed.