M/S. KALYANJI VITHALDAS AND SONSversusTHE STATE OF M.P. AND ORS.

                MIS. KALYANJI VITHALDAS AND SONS·                                  A.
                                v.
                     THE STATE OF M.P. AND ORS.

                            SEPTEMBER 17, 1996

             [K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.]                                B

       Agreement with Govemment for purchase of Tendu leaves in certain
area for 3 years-One of the tenns was that the lease was renewable every
yea~Appellant to opt for renewal within 15 days prior to the end of the
year-Leases to be renewed within 15 days of the issue and to be accepted by        C
the Department-Appellant's offer for renewal accepted by the Govemment
and communication sent-Appellant refused to accept the communication
and sent telegram withdrawing from the offer-Loss to the Government on
account of non-execution of the renewal deed and due to non-collection of
 Tendu leaves for the pe1iod since it was not sold to any other agency-Govern-     D
ment calling upon the appellant to make good the loss-High Court dismissing
 the writ petition and holding that the appellant was liable to pay the
 damages-On appeal held, acceptance of the offer communicated to the ap-
pellant by the Govemment within time-Appellant appears to have taken
undue advantage of some typographical e"or in the name of the appel/a:it-
 company and sought to resile from the offer accepted by the Govem-                E
ment-Having allowed the contract to lapse resulting in loss caused to the
State due to non-execution of the contract, the resultant loss has to be
recovered from the appellant-<Jovemment is empowered to recover the ar-
 rears of the dues as land revenue from the appellant-contractor towards loss
 caused to the Govemment in not collecting the Tendu leaves under the con-         F
 tract-Land Revenue Code, S.155-Revenue Recove1y Act, 1890, Ss.3 and
4(2).

        Shiv Saran Lal v. State of M.P. & Ors., AIR (1980) M.P. 93, referred to.

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 675 of                     G
1980.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 24.1.79 of the Madhya Pradesh
High Court in M.P. No. 370 of 1971.

        S.V. Deshpande for the Appellant.                                          H
                                   427
    428                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996) SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A         S.K. Agnihotri. and Ashok Kr. Singh for the Respondents.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :

         This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment of the Division
    Bench of the M.P. High Court at Jabalpur made on January 24, 1979 in
B   Miscellaneous Petition No. 370/71.

         The admitted facts are that the appellant-firm had entered into an
  agreement with the Government for purchase of Tendu leaves in Unit No.
  14, Chowki in South Division for three years ending on December 31, 1970
C on the terms and conditions mentioned in the agreement dated November
  30, 1968. One of the terms was that the lease is renewable every year. The
  lease commences from February l of the year and- end on January 31 of
  the next year. In this case, the agreement of the appellant commenced from
  Mai'ch 2, 1968 and it was to end on January 31, 1968. As per the terms of
  the agreement, the appellant had to opt for renewal within 15 days prior
D to December 31 and the leases were to be renewed within 15 days from
  the date of the issue and was to be accepted by the Department. The
  admitted position is that the appellant had offered for renewal on Decem-
  ber 7, 1968. It is seen from the record that the Government had accepted
  the offer on January 31, 1969 and communication was sent to the appellant
E on February 7, 1969; but he refused to receive the same. On February 9,
  1969, the appellant had sent a telegram withdrawing from the offer of the
  renewal. Since the appellant had refused to accept the communication, it
  was sent by the Divisional Officer on February 12, 1969 and was received
  by the appellant on February 17, 1969. Consequently, a letter was sent on
  May 20, 1979· calling upon the appellant for payment of Rs. 93,821.23
F towards the loss caused by the appellant due to non-execution. of the
  renewal deed and also for non-collection of the Tendu leaves for the period
  since it was not sold to any other agency. The appellant challenged it by
  filing a writ petition in the High Court. The High Court in the impugned
  order dismissed the same holding that before the appellant had withdrawn
G the offer, the Government had already accepted the offer of the appellant
  and, therefore, he was liable to pay the damages.

          Shri S.V. Deshpande, learned counsel for the appellant raised two-
    fold contentions. Firstly, since the communication was not sent to the
    appellant before 31st January, the deadline, the appellant was entitled to
H   Withdraw from the offer. He had duly withdrawn it on February 9, 1969 by
                    KALYANJI VITHAL DAS v. STATE                           429

issuing a telegram to all concerned. Therefore, the appellant cannot be           A
saddled with the liability for the resultant loss. We find no force in the
contention.

     Clause (2) of the contract provides as under :

        "This agreement shall commence from 2.3.1968 and shall remain             B
        in force upto 31.12.1968 unless earlier determined under the terms
        hereinafter appearing;

           Provided that :

        (1) Unless earlier determined under the terms of the Agreement            c
            there will be yearly renewal of Agreement by 31st January
            each year by issue of an order by Government in writing
            provided. Government are satisfied that purchaser has ful-
            filled the following conditions each year :

        (a) the quality of leaves collected during the year has exceeded D
            by 10 per cent or more over the quantity notified and also 10
            per cent or more over the quantity collected in the unit during
            the preceding year.

        (b) There was no serious breach of the Act and Rules made
                                                                                  E
            thereunder and the Agreement.

        (c) The purchaser had paid all dues including penalty, fine, etc.
            promptly and in accordance with the provisions of the Agree-
            ment.
                                                         r
                                                                                  F
        (2) Purchase rate per standard bag applicable for every renewed
            year shall be the rate calculated by increasing the purchase
            rate applicable to the preceding year by 5 per cent and adding
            to it the total increase in rates of all the following terms during
            the renewed year as compared to rates fixed for the same
            items in the preceding year :                                         G
             (i) Purchase rate payable to grower,

             (ii) remuneration payable to Agent,

             (iii) handing charges payable to agent.                              H
    430                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996) SUPP. 6 s:c.R.

A           (3) The purchaser shall, execute the fresh Agreement within 15
                days from the date of the issue of the order granting renewal,
                after completing all formalities required under conditions of
                Tender Notice for executing Agreement failing which the
                Agreement shall be liable to be terminated by Government
                and all consequences of termination given in the Agreement
B               shall be binding and applicable. Loss to Government if any
                in subsequent sal~ of leaves in the unit shall be recoverable
                from the previous purchaser."                     .

          It is seen that the appellant had a contract for three years ending on
C December 31, 1970. He worked out the contract in the year 1968 ending
    on January 31, 1969. Under Clause (1) of the proviso, unless earlier
    determined under the terms of the agreement, there will be yearly renewal
    of agreement by 31st January each year by issue of an order by Government
    in writing provided Government is satisfied that purchaser had fulfilled the
D conditions enumerated subsequently. It is true, as contended by Shri S.V.
    Deshpande; that the word 'issue' implies service of notice. Unless the
    contractor receives acceptance by the Government he will not be in a
   position to know whether or not his offer has been accepted by the
    Government. Therefore, the date of the receipt would be the date of issue.
    For this proposition, there would not be any controversy. The question is
E : whether on expiry of 31st January of the year, the previous contractor is
    absolved of his liability for non-execution of the renewal date? It is seen
    that originally, the contract was for three years. Therefore, he is entitled
    for renewal unless it was either determined earlier and offer of renewal
    was rejected by the Government. Admittedly, the appellant had given his
F offer for renewal before the expiry of the period and the Government also
   had accepted the offer before 31st January, 1969. Obviously, it would take ·
    time for communication thereof. It being a continuing contract which the
    appellant otherwise would have for three years, there is no hiatus in the.
    continuity unless any step was taken by the Government in the interregnum .
    to have his lease terminated in terms of the contract. In this case, the
G contract has not been terminated. Resultantly, the acceptance of the offer
    communicated to the appellant by the Government having been made
    within time, namely, on January 31, 1969, what remained to be done was
    only execution of the renewal lease deed for a further period of one year
    in terms of the contract. The appellant had withdrawn his offer only after
H · the acceptance was communicated to him on February 7, 1969. No doubt,
                    KALYANJI VITHAL DAS v. STAIB                         431

there was a defect in communication of the order to the appellant but as        A
regards the address furnished by the appellant and sent to the Government,
there was no defect. There may be some typographical error in the name
of the appellant-company. The appellant appears to have taken undue
advantage of it and sought to resile from the offer accepted by the Govern-
ment. Having allowed the contract to lapse resulting in loss caused to the
State due to the non execution of the contract, the resultant loss has to be
                                                                                B
recovered from the appellant.

        Shri S.V. Deshpande, learned counsel, has placed reliance on the
judgment of the same Bench in another case in Shiv Saran Lal v. State of
M.P. & Ors., AIR (1980) M.P. 93. Therein, learned Judges have held that         C
since the communication of acceptance was not made before the expiry of
January 31 of the succeeding year, the contractor was not liaple for the
payment thereof. On the principle of the communication, as stated earlier,
there is no quarrel but the learned Judges have not considered the further
aspect, viz., whether in a case of continuing contract, is he absolved of the
liability? In the view as we have stated earlier, the same Bench appears to
                                                                                D-
have taken inconsistent view without reference to the judgment under
appeal. Therefore, the later view expressed by the High Court on the
liability is not correct in law.

      The question then is : whether the arrears due from the lessee-           E
contractor would.be recovered as arrears of land revenue? Section 155 of
the Land Revenue Code and Sections 3 and 4(2) of the Revenue Recovery
Act of 1890 reads as under :

        "155. The following monies, may be recovered, as far as may be
        under the provisions of this chapter in the same manner as arrears      F
        of land revenue :

         (a) xxxx                         xxxx                         xxxx

         (b) all monies falling due to the State Government under any grant,
         lease or contract which provides that they shall be recoverable in     G
         the same manner as an arrears of land revenue."

        Section 3 of the Revenue Recovery Act.

         "3. Recovery of public demands by enforcement of process in other
         districts than those in which they become payable (1) where an         H
    432                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996) SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A           arrear of land revenue, or a sum recoverable as an arrear of
            land-revenue is payable to a Collector by a defaulter being or
            having property in a district other than that in which the arrear
            accrued or the sum is payable, the Collector may send to the
            Collector of the other district a certificate ~n the form as nearly as
            may be of the Schedule, stating -
B
            (a) the name of the defaulter and such other particulars as may
            be necessary for his identification, and

            (b) the amount payable by him and the account on which it is due.

c           (2) The certificate shall be signed by the Collector making it (or
            by any officer to whom such Collector may, by order in writing,
            delegate this duty) and, save as otherwise provided by this act, shall
            be conclusive proof of the matters therein stated.

            (3) The Collector of the other district shall, on receiving the
D           certificate, proceed to recover the. amount stated therein as •if it
            were an arrear of land revenue which had accrued in his own
            district."

            Section 4( 1)
E           "4. Remedy available to person denying liability to pay amount
            recovered under last foregoing section (1) when proceedings are
            taken against a person under the last foregoing section for the
            recovery of an amount stated in a certificate that person may if he
            denies his liability to pay the amount or any part thereof and pays
F           the sa;ne under protest made in writing at the time of paying and
            signed by him or his agent, institute a suit for the repayment of
            the amount or the part thereof so paid."

          A reading of these provisions would clearly indicate that the recovery
G   of public demands by enforcement of process is recoverable as arrears of
    land revenue, since all moneys fall due to the State Government, under any
    grant, lease or contract shall be recoverable in the same manner as arrears
    of land ;:evenue. Therefore, the Government is clearly empowered to
    recover the arrears of the dues as land revenue from the appellant-con-
    tractor towards loss caused to the Government in not collecting the Tendu
H leaves under the contract.
                          KALYANJJ VITI.IAL DAS v. STAIB                     433

            We are informed that the appellant has already furnished the bank A
      guarantee. The Government is at liberty to enforce the bank guarantee and
      recover the same. In case of any shortfall of the amount already given under
      the bank guarantee, the Government is at liberty to recover the same.

            The appeal is accordingly dismissed with the above directions but, in
      the circumstances, without costs.                                             B

...   G.N.                                                    Appeal dismissed.




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