M/S. LIBERTY OIL MILLS (P) LTD. BOMBAYversusTHE COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE BOMBAY ETC.

           MIS LIBERTY OIL MILLS (P) LTD. BOMBAY                        A
                             v.
      THE COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE BOMBAY ETC.

                        DECEMBER 13, 1994

             [R.M. SAHAI AND K.S. PARIPOORNAN, JJ.]                     B

    Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944: First Schedule-Item 13-
'Vegetable Product'-Levy of duty-Notification granting benefit of
concession-Interpretation of

   Interpretation of Statute-Fiscal statute-Interpretation of-Held C
ambiguity should be interpreted in favour ofrevenue.

      Under Government Notification No. 6lnl dated 29.5.71 as
amended by Notification No. 40n2 dated 17.3.1972 exemptiOn of excise
duty to the extent of rupees ten per quintal was available in respect of
vegetable product produced out of rice bran oil subject to the D
conditions that (1) the said vegetable product was issued out from a
factory in admixture with til oil, or with vegetable product from other
oils, or with both; and (ii) the proportion of the said vegetable product
was in excess of one per cent of the total vegetable product in a
particular consignment. The appellants cleared their vegetable
products, falling under Tariff item No. 13 of the First Schedule to the E
Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944, at concessional rates under the said
Notification. Subsequently, Revenue issued six demand notices to the
appellant for recovery of the differential duty involved in clearance for
different periods. The appellant-assessee preferred appeals before the
Appellate Collector who set aside the demands and allowed the appeals. F
On Revenue's appeal the Appellate Tribunal reversed the decision of
Appellate Collector and directed revision of the demands of duty within
a period of six months from the date of show cause notice.

     In appeal to this Court on the question whether the appellants were
entitled to the benefit of exemption afforded by the aforesaid G
Notification it was contended on behalf of the appellants that the
exemption was applicable with reference to the entire quantity of
admixture containing the vegetable products produced out of rice bran
oil, the only other condition being that the vegetable products made
from rice bran oil in the admixture should be more than 1% of the total
in any consignment.                                                      H
                               547
    548                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A       On behalf of the Revenue it was contended that the Notification has
    not exempted the vegetable products but only exempted indigenous rice
    bran oil to the extent it was represented in the vegetable product.

          Dismissing the appeals, this Court

B        HELD: 1. The conclusion arrived at by the Tribunal is valid and
    tenable. The conclusion follows either by construing the plain language
    of the main clause alone or by construing the entire notification along
    with the conditions. No interference is called for with the decision
    rendered by the Appellate Tribunal. (553 D]

c         2: The language in the Notification is fairly clear. The crucial
    words in the notification- "such vegetable product" "as is made from
    indigenous rice bran oil" from the "duty of excise is leviable thereon"
    are important. The words "as is made from the indigenous rice bran
    oil" should be understood in a meaningful manner. The related or
D   synonymous words for "as is" are many. Keeping the related words of
    "as is" in mind, it appears that the .natural and proper meaning to be
    given to the enacting or main clause of the notification is, that the
    Central Government exempts such vegetable product, to the extent "it
    is made" or "as .shown to be made" or "as represented to be ma~e" or
    "as seen made", from indigenous rice bran oil. The title itself is
E   "exemption to vegetable product produced out of indigenous rice bran
    oil".· It can only mean that the quantity of rice bran oil contained in the
    vegetable product is exempt. [553 A to C)

         3. The contention that exemption is available to the entire quantity
    of admixture of the vegetable product, produced out of rice bran oil the
F   only condition being that the content of rice bran oil should be more
    than 1% of the total, in any consignment, and such interpretation of
    the notification is equally possible is not tenable. Even assuming that.it
    is so, in the case of an ambiguity or doubt regarding an exemption
    provision in a fiscal statute, the ambiguity or doubt will be resolved in
    favour of the revenue and not in favour of the assessee. [553 F]
G
        Mis Novopan India Ltd, Hyderabad v. Collector of Central Excises
    and Customs, Hyderabad, (1994) 6 JT SC 80, referred to.

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2221-22 of
H   1987 Etc.
LIBERTY OIL MILLS v. COLLECTOR C. EXCISE. [PARIPOOR.."'l'AN, J.]       549

    From the Judgment and Order dated 21.5.86 of the Central Excise A
Customs and gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi in A.No.
2563/85 and 448 of 1986-C.

    M.S. Ganesh for the Appellant ·

    Joseph Vellapally, R.P. Srivastava and V.K. Verma for the Respon- B
dents.

    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by :

     PARIPOORAN, J. This batch of 4 connected appeals under the
Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944, is filed by the assessee by special leave C
granted by this Court. The revenue issued six demand notices against the
assessee for recovery of differential duty involved in the clearances for
different periods. The first batch of demand notices (Item Nos. l to 3),
dated 18.6.1983, 20.7.1983 and 28.2.1984 involved a duty total amounting
to Rs.13,45,851.76, as evidenced by the order of the Assistant Collector,
Central Excise, dated 11.6.1984. The second batch of demand notices (Item D
Nos. 4 to 6) involved a duty amounting to a total of Rs.4,99,874.85, as
evidenced by the order of the Assistant Collector, Central Excise, dated
17.6.1984.

     2. The assessee (the appellant herein) preferred appeals before the
Appellate Collector, against the aforesaid orders of the Assistant Collector. E
By a consolidated order in appeal Nos. M.-1231-1232/ TH-788-789/85,
dated 6.8.1985 the Appellate Collector set aside the demands and allowed
the appeals filed by the assessee. Thereupon the revenue filed two appeals
before the Customs, Excise and gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal,
hereinafter referred to as "the Tribunal" or "CEGAT', as evidenced by
E/A-2563/85-C and A No. 448/86-C. The sole question that arose before F
the Appellate Tribunal was regarding the interpretation of Notification No.
61/71 dated 29.5.1971 as amended by Notification No. 40/72 dated
17.3.1972. Before the Appellate Tribunal the revenue conceded that the
demand issued against the appellant company would be enforceable only
for a period of 6 months from the date of demand -cum - show cause
notices and not with reference to the extended time limit laid down in the G
Central Excise Law. This is seen recorded in paragraph 3 of the order of the
Appellate Tribunal dated 21.5.1986. The Appellate Tribunal reversed the
decision of the Collector Central Excise (Appeals) and directed revision of
the demands for duty within a period of six months from the date of the
show cause notice. The appellant filed a petition for referring certain
questions of law to this Court against the common order of the Appellate H
    550                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A   Tribunal passed in the above two appeals dated 21.5.1986. The Tribunal
    dismissed the said petition holding that the questions formulated by the
    appellant related, among other things, to the determination of questions
    having relation to the rate of duty of excise and value of goods for the
    purpose of assessment and hence a reference application on that score does
    not lie. Against the order so passed by the Tribunal dated 30.1.87, the
                                                                                     ..
B   appellant filed special leave petitions in this Court and leave having been
    granted by this Court, were registered as Civil Appeal Nos. 1308-09 of
    1987. Against the common order passed in the appeals dated 21.5.1986,
    two appeals have been filed evidenced by C.A. Nos. 2221-2222of1987. In
    all the four appeals, the only question involved is interpretation of
    Notification No. 61171 dated 29.5.1971 as amended by Notification No.
c   40172 dated 17.3.1972. In the light of our decision in Civil Appeal Nos.
    2221-22of1987, on the merits of the case, it is unnecessary to consider the
    questions posed in C.A. Nos. 1308-09 of 1987, which will be only
    academic. We hold so.

         3. We heard counsel for the appellant (assessee) Sri M.S. Ganesh and
D   counsel for the Respondent (revenue) Sri Joseph Vellapally. The facts of
    this Case are in a narrow compass. The appellants are manufacturers of a
    vegetable product falling under Item No. 13 of the Central Excise and Salt
    Act, 1944. At the relevant time it carried a rate of duty of 10% ad valorem.
    By Notification No. 61171dated29.5.1971 as amended by Notification No.
E   40172 dated 17.3.1972, exemption was granted to vegetable products
    produced out of indigenous rice bran oil. The appellants cleared their said
    vegetable products at concessional rate of Rs.10 per quintal under the said
    Notification. The revenue took the view that the appellants were not entitled
    to the benefit of the exemption under the said notification. It was in these
    circumstances that 6 demand notices for the recovery of the differential
F   duty involved in the clearances for different periods were issued in two sets,
    amounting to Rs.13,45,851.76 and 4,99,874.85. The demands were
    annulled by the Appellate Collector but restored by the Appellate Tribunal
    for a period of six months from the date of the show cause notices issued to
    the appellants.
G       4. It is only appropriate to quote the relevant item of tariff under which
    the duty is levied and the relevant exemption notification on the basis of
    which only a lesser duty is leviable.

                  "Tariff Item No. 13 of the First Schedule to the Central
H                 Excises and Salt Act, 1944, which is as under:
LIBERTY OIL MILLS v. COLLECTOR C. EXCISE. [PARIPOORNAN, J.]                551

  Item No.      Tariff description                               Rate of duty A

  13.           "Vegetable Product"                 Ten per cent adva/orem
                means any vegetable oil
                or fat which, whether by itself
                or in admixture with any other
                substances has, by hydrogenation or                               B
                by any other process been hardened
                for human consumption

    Exemption Notification No. 61171 dated 29.5.1971 as amended by
Notification no. 40172 dated 17.3 .1972, is to the following effect :
                                                                                  c
               "Exemption to Vegetable         Product produced out of
               Indigenous Rice Bran Oil:

               In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-rule (1) of Rule 8
               of the Central Excises Rules, 1944, the Central Government
               hereby exempt such vegetable product as is made from               D
               indigenous rice bran oil from the duty of excise leviable
               thereon to the extent of Rs. ten per quintal, subject to the
               following conditions, namely :

   (i)    the said vegetable product is issued out from a factory in
          admixture with til oil, or with vegetable product from other oils, or   E
          with both; and

   (ii)   that the proportion of the said vegetable product is in excess of one
          per cent of the total vegetable product in a particular
          consignment".
                                                                                  F
    The appellants cleared their vegetable products at the concessional rate
of Rs. 10 per quintal as per the aforesaid Notification No. 61171 dated
29.5.1971, as amended by Notification No. 40/72 dated 17.3.1972.

    5. The short question that arises for consideration is whether the
appellants are entitled. to the benefit of the exemption afforded by the          G
aforesaid notification? Counsel for the appellants reiterated the pleas
advanced before the tribunal and contended that the exemption is applicable
with reference to the entire quantity of admixture containing the vegetable
products produced out of rice bran oil, the only other condition being that
the vegetable products made from rice bran oil in the admixture should be         H
    552                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A   more than 1% of the total in any consignment. In effect, the submission was
    that the entire quantity should be taken into account for such calculation.
    On the other hand, counsel for the revenue contended that the exemption of
    Rs. 10 per quintal afforded by the Notification should be computed with
    reference to the vegetable product made from the rice bran oil and not with
    reference to the entire quantity of admixture of vegetable product cleared
B   from the factory. According to the Counsel for the appellants the exemption
    is for the entire· quantity of vegetable product whereas according to the
    counsel for the revenue, the Notification has not exempted the vegetable
    products but only exempted indigenous rice bran oil to the extent it is
    represented in the vegetable product. After adverting to the rival pleas
c   advanced by the P!ll1ies the Appellate tribunal concluded thus, in paragraph
    9 and l 0 of its order dated 21.5 .1986:

                  "Under the notification benefit of exemption is available in
                  respect of vegetable product produced out of rice bran oil
                  when, according to condition (i) .of the notification it is in
D                 admixture with til oil or with other vegetable product
                  produced from other oils, or with both. It is, therefore, not
                  essential that the vegetable product out of rice bran oil must
                  come into existence independently to be eligible for the
                  benefit of the said Notification. What is required to be proved
                   is that there is a component of the vegetable product
E                 attributable to the rice bran oil and so long as it can be
                  proved to be there in the final product and so long as other
                  conditions are satisfied, benefit of exemption is available in
                 ·respect of this vegetable product."

                  "Reading the notification as a whole, therefore, the expres-
F                 sion 'vegetable' product as is made from indigenous rice
                  bran oil (which is exempted under the notification) has to be
                  read as 'vegetable product as is made from indigenous rice
                  bran oil' ·only; otherwise condition (i) would have read 'the
                  said vegetable product is issued out from a factory. in
                  admixture with til oil' thereby making the words 'or with
G                 vegetable product from other oils or with both' as redundant.
                  Such an interpretation would be against the normal principles
                  of construction because no words can be read as being
                  superfluous in a statutory provision. The demands of duty
                  within a period of six months from the dates of show cause
H                 notice should be revised accordingly."
LIBERTY OIL MILLS v. COLLECTOR C. EXCISE. [PARIPOORNAN, J.]               553

      6. On an anxious consideration of the matter we are of the view that the   A
 language in the Notification is fairly clear. The Central Government has
 exempted "such" vegetable product" "as is made from indigenous rice bran
 oil" from the duty of excise leviable thereon to the extent of Rs. 10 per
 quintal subject to the conditions following. The crucial words in the
 notification - "such vegetable product" "as is made from indigenous rice
 bran oil" from the "duty of excise is leviable thereon" are important. The      B
 words "as is made from the indigenous rice bran oil" should be understood
 in a meaningful manner. The related or synonymous words for "as is" are
many. Keeping the related words of"as is" in mind, it appears to us that the
natural and proper meaning to be given to the enacting or main clause of
the notification is, that the Central Government exempts such vegetable
product, to the extent "it is made" or "as shown to be made" or "as repre-       C
sented to be made" or "as seen made", from indigenous rice bran oil. The
title itself is "exemption to vegetable product out of indigenous rice bran
oil". It can only mean that the quantity of rice bran oil contained in the
vegetable product is exempt. The Appellate tribunal has considered the
matter at great length in paragraph 9 and 10 of its order placing emphasis
on Notification as a whole and the two conditions following the enacting or      D
main clause. We are of the view that the conclusion arrived at by the
Tribunal is valid and tenable. The conclusion follows either by construing
the plain language of the main clause alone or by construing the entire
notification along with the conditions. No interference is called for with the
decision rendered by the Appellate Tribunal.
                                                                                 E
     7. Appellant's Counsel that if due stress is given to the conditions, what
the notification means is, that exemption is available to the entire quantity
of admixture of the vegetable product, produced out of rice bran oil the
only condition being that the content of rice bran oil should be more than
1% of the total, in any consignment, and such interpretation of the notifi-
cation is equally possible. We are of the view that such a construction is not F
possible. Even assuming that it is so, in the case of an ambiguity or doubt
regarding an exemption pro-..:ision in a fiscal statutes, the ambiguity or
doubt will be resolved in favour of the revenue and not in favour of the
assessee .. The matter is concluded by a recent decision of a three-member
Bench of this Court in Mis. Navopan India Ltd., Hyderabad v. Collector of G
Central Excise and Customs, Hyderabad, (1994) 6 JT SC 80. On this
ground as well, the appellant is not entitled to any relief. The appeals are
dismissed with costs.

T.N.A.                                                   Appeals dismissed.