Holding

Section 150(1) of the 1961 Act applies to reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 148 pursuant to Section 297(2)(d)(ii), removing the limitation bar.

Summary

Mahadeo Prasad Bais, as Karta of a Hindu Undivided Family, was assessed as a HUF up to AY 1948‑49 and thereafter filed individual returns claiming total or partial partition. The Tribunal and the High Court later accepted a partial partition, making certain family income assessable to him individually. The original assessments for AY 1953‑54 to 1961‑62 were made under the 1922 Act and excluded that income. In 1977 the Income‑Tax Officer issued reassessment notices under Section 148 of the 1961 Act, invoking Section 297(2)(d)(ii), which the appellant challenged as barred by limitation. The department argued that Section 150(1) of the 1961 Act removed the time bar for reassessments made to give effect to appellate orders. The Supreme Court held that Section 150(1) (and by analogy Section 153) applies to reassessments issued under Section 148 pursuant to Section 297(2)(d)(ii), thereby lifting the limitation, and affirmed the High Court’s decision. The appeal was dismissed.

Issues considered

The applicability of Section 150(1) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961 to reassessment notices issued under Section 148 in accordance with Section 297(2)(d)(ii).
Whether the limitation period for reassessment is removed when the reassessment is to give effect to orders passed under the repealed 1922 Act.

Legislation cited

Income Tax Act, 1922s. 147, s. 148, s. 34
Income Tax Act, 1961s. 148, s. 149, s. 150, s. 153, s. 297(2)(d)(ii)

Subjects

Income TaxReassessmentLimitation periodSection 150(1)Section 148Section 297Hindu Undivided FamilyPartitionTransitional provisionsRepeal of statute

Judgment

MAHADEO PRASAD BAIS (DEAD} ..c\
v. l
INCOME-TAX OFFICER 'A' WARD, GORAKHPUR AND AtJR.
-r
SEPTEMBER 12, 1991

[S. RANGANATHAN, V. RAMASWAMI AND N.D. OJHA, JJ.] B

Income Tax Act, 1961-Sections 148, 150 and 297(2)(d)(ii)--Reas-
sessment--Limitati01r-Removal of bar of limitation-When arises.
The appellant (since deceased) was being assessed as the Karta of
the Hindu Undivided Family consisting of himself, his mother, his wife c
and three sons until the assessment years 1948-49. For the assessment
year 1949-50 and subsequent years upto i961-62 he filed a return in his
individual capacity claiming that there had been a total partition of the
family and that he was assessable in respect of the income from the
properties of the family that fell to his share on partition; in the
alternative he claimed partial partition. Both of his -claims having been D
negatived, the entire income was assessed in the hands of the Hindu
""\
Undivided Family and the returns filed by the appellant in his individual
capacity were finalised on-the footing that there was no income assessable
in his individual capacity. The Hindu Undivided Family went up in
appeals and ultimately the Tribunal accepted the claim of partial partition
in rtspect of some of the properties. The conclusion of the Tribunal was E
affirmed by the High Court, with the result that the income from some of
the erstwhile family properties stood excluded from the assessment of the
Hindu Undivided Family and bec;ame liable to be included in the hands of
the appellant. The original assessments made on the appellant as an
I individual for the assessment upto 1961-62 had been completed under the
Income-tax Act, 1922 and in these assessments no income from the
F
etstwhile joint family properties had been included as the Income Tax
Officer was of the view, as in 1949- 50, that it was assessable in the hands of
the family. There were no proceedings initiated or pending under Section
34 of the 1922 Act in respect of these assessment years as on 1.4.1962, when
the 1922 Act was repealed by the 1962 Act. The Income Tax Officer G
therefore, served a notice for reassessment on the appellant, invoking the
---J provisions of Section 297(2)(d)(ii) of the Act. The appellant resisted the
reassessment proceedings on the ground that notice was barred by
limitation while the department contended that the reassessment
proceedings in this case were saved by the provisions of Section 150(1) of
the 1961 Act. The High Court accepted tile contention of the department. H
9
- .

10 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1991) SUfP. 1 S. C. R

•
Dismissing the assessee's appeal, this Court,
A
HELD : The provisions of Section 150(1) have been specially made
applicable and operative in respect of a notice under section 148 issued in
pursuance of Section 297(2)(d)(ii). The application of the provisions of
Section 297(2)(d)(ii) gives rise to two sets of situations to one of which the
B language of Section 150(1) would squarely apply. Section 150(1) will
operate to lift the time bar in cases where the reassessment is initiated
under section 148 to give effect to an order passed under the 1961 Act. ,;,_
Section 297(2) is a provision enacted with a view to provide for continuity
of proceedings in the context of repeal of one Act by a fresh one broadly
C containing analogous provisions and the transitory provisions should as
far as possible, be construed so as to affect such continuity and not so as to
create a lacuna. It will therefore be appropriate to so read the words of
section 297(2)(d)(ii) as to permit the applicability of section 150 (or
section 153) with the necessary modifications. (18 G, 19A-B, D-E]

D The last words of Section 297(2)(d)(ii) should be read to mean that
where the proceedings initiated under Section 148, subject to the
relaxations and limitation ofSections149and150, all the provisions of the
Act shall apply accordingly: that is to say, in the same manner as they
would apply in case of proceedings normally initiated under these
E provisions. Since reassessment proceedings. so initiated ·to give effect to
orders on appeal, revision or reference will not be subject to a time limit,
the proceedings likewise initiated· under Section 297(2)(d)(ii) read with
Section 149 will also not. oo subject to any limitations save to the extent
mentioned in Section 150(2). (19 E-F]

F Income Tax Officer v. Eastem Coal Co. Ltd., (1975) 101 I.T.R. 477;
Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kamalapat Motilal, (1977) 110 I.T.R. 769;
Ambaji Traders v. Income Tax Officer, (1976) 105 I.T.R. 273; Commissioner
of Income Tax v. T.P. Asrani, (1980) 122 I.T.R. 735; Jain v. Mahendra,
(1972) 83 I.T.R. 104; Govinddas v. Income Tax Officer, (1976) 103 I.T.R.
123; Seth Gujannal Modi v. Commissioner of Income Tax, (1972) 84 I.T.R.
G 261; Third Income Tax Officer v. Damodar Bhat, (1969) 71 I.T.R. 806; Jain
Bros. v. Union of India, (1970) 77 I.T.R.107, referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1934 of.
1978.

H From the Judgment and Order dated 21.12.1977 of. the Allahabad
-· MAHADEO PRASAD v. l.T.O. GORAKHPUR [RANGANAIBAN, J.) 11

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B
RANGANATHAN, J. The Income-tax Act, 1%1 replaeed the Indian
Income-tax Act, 1922 w.e.f. 1.4.1962. The repeal of the earlier Act neces-
sitated the enactment of transitional provisions to facilitate the change
. over. Perhaps the simplest course would have been to provide that the new
Act would apply to all proceedings for the assessment year 1962-63 and C
thereafter. The legislature, however, evolved a more complicated proce-
dure. While section 297(1) of the new Act declared that the Indian In-
come-tax Act, 1922 stood repealed by the new Act, sub-section (2) of the
above section made detailed. and meticulous provisions in clauses (a) to
(m) as to whether the new Act or the old Act will govern in the various
situations dealt with therein. These provisions have led to a lot of litigation D
and the controversy in this appeal also arises out of one such provision. We
are concerned here with the scope of proceedings for reassessment in
respect of assessment years prior to 1962-63 and the answer to the question
before us turns on the provisions of the following two sections of the 1%1
Act:
E
Section 297

"297(1) xxx xxx xxx

(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Indian Income-tax Act,
1922 {11 of 1922) (hereinaf~er i:_eferred to as 'the repealed F
Act')

xxx xxx xxx xxx

(d) where in respect of any assessment year after the year ending on
the 31st day of March 1940 G
(i) a notice under section 34 of the repealed Act had been issued
before the commencement of this Act, the proceedings in pur-
suance of such notice may be continued and disposed of as if this
Act had not been passed; H
12 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1991] SUPP. 1 S. C. R

A (ii) any income chargeable to true had escaped assessment within the ·
meaning of that expression in section 147 and no proceedings
under section 34 of the repealed Act in respect of any such income
are pending at· the commencement of this Act, a notice under
section 148 may, subject to the provisions contained in section 149
B or section 1~0 be issued with respect to that assessment year and
all the provisions of this Act shaU apply accordingly."

Section 150
"150(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 149,
the notice under s~ction 148 may be issued at any time f~r the
c purpose of making an assessment or reassessment or recom-
putation in consequence or, or to give effect to, any finding or
direction contained in an order passed by any authority in any
proceeding under this Act by way of appeal, reference or
revision."
D (underlining ours)
\-
We may proceed now to set out how the question arises in the
present case: The appeal arises out of an order of the High Court in a
writ petition filed by one Mahadeo Prasad Bais (since deceased, repre-
sented by his legal representatives) challenging reassessment proceedings
E initiated against him for the assessment years 1953-54 to 1963-64. The ap-
peal is, however, restricted to the assessment years 1953-54 to 1961-62.
Upto assessment year 1948-49, the appellant was being assessed as the
Karta of a Hindu Undivided Family consisting of himself, his mother, his
wife and three sons. For the assessment year 1949-50 and subsequent years
upto 1961-62 he had filed a return in his individual capacity on the footing
F that there had been a total partition of the family ~ithin the meaning of
Section 25A of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 and that he was asses-
sable in respect of the income from the properties of the family allotted to
him at the partition. In the alternative, he claimed partial partition of some
of the joint family properties. Both these claims were initially negatived
and the entire income was assessed in the hands of the Hindu Undivided
G Family. The returns filed by the appellant in his individual capacity were
finalised by holding that there was no income assessable in his individual .r-
capacity. The Hindu Ugdivided Family went up in appeals and ultimately
the Tribunal accepted the claim of partial partition in respect of some of
the properties with effect from different dates. This conclusion of the
Tribunal was also affirmed by the High Court in the decision reported as
H Malzadeo Prasad Bois v. Income-tax Officer, (1972) 84 ITR 48 which related
MAHADEO PRASAD v. l.T.O. GORAKHPUR [RANGANATHAN, J.) 13

to the assessment years 1956-57 to 1958-59. Consequent on these decisions A
of the Tribunal and the High Court, the income from some of the erstwhile
family properties stood excluded from the assessment of the Hindu Un-
divided Family and became liable to be included in the hands of the
present appellant. The assessment for 1949-50 and subsequent years upto
1961-62 on the family had been completed and the appeals and reference
disposed of under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. B
The original assessments made on the appellant as an individual for
the assessment years 1953-54 to 1961-62 had been completed under the
Indian Income-taJc Act, 1922. In these assessments no income from the
erstwhile joint family properties had been included as the officer was of
the view, as in 1949-50, that it was assessable in the hands of the family. C
There were no proceedings initiated or pending under Section 34 of the
1922 Act in respect of these assessment years as on 1.4.1962. Quite some-
time after the High Court had decided the reference for 1949- 50 in the
case of the family, the Income-tax Officer thought of steps to include the
income assessable in the hands of the appellant consequent on the
decisions of the Tribunal a~d the High Court which he had failed to assess
earlier. He, therefore, served on the appellant on 19.3.1977 notices for D
reassessment, as required by section 297(2)(d)(ii), under section 148 of
the 1961 Act. The appellant resisted these proceedings, fitter alia, on the
ground that the notices were barred by limitation. The department, how-
ever, contended that, though normally reassessment proceedings had to
be initiated within a period of four, eight or sixteen years as the case may
be, under the then provisions of Section 149 of the 1961 Act, the reassess- E
ment proceedings in this case were saved by the provisions of Section
150(1) of the 1961 Act set out earlier. This contention of the department
has been accepted by the High Court in the decision under appeal before
! us which is reported in (1980) 125 ITR 49.

The issue involved in this appeal is basically a short one turning on F
the language of section 150(1). Before considering the interpretation of this
section, we may, however, point out that, on this question, there appears to
.be a conflict of judicial opinion between the several High Courts. The
Allahabad High Court, in the decision presently under appeal (1980)125
I.T.R. 49 and the Calcutta High Court in l.T.O. v. Eastem Coal Co. Ltd.,
(1975) 101 ITR 477 have taken the view that a reassessment in such cir- G
cumstances is saved by the provisions of Section 150(1) of the 1961 Act. An
earlier Allahabad decision in C.l.T. v. Kamalapat Motilal, (1977)110 I.T.R.
769 and an earlier Bombay decision inAmbaji Traders v. l.T.O., (1976)105
l.T.R. 273 took a similar view on the analogous provision contained in
section 153(3) of the 1961 Act but a contrary view was taken by the latter
H
14 SUPREME COURT REPORTS · (1991) SUPP. 1 S. C.R.

A High Court in the latter case reported as CIT v. T.P. Asrani, (1980) 122
ITR 735. Both sets of decisions have placed reliance on certain observa- ·--<-
tions of this Court in differing contexts. But it will be best to have a look at
the statutory prQvisions first, in the context of the facts of the present case.

To start with, there is no dispute that reassessment proceedings were
B rightly initiated under section 148 of the Act. It is also common ground
that on the language of section 148, as it stood ·at the relevant time, no
notice under section 148 could have been issued in March 1977 for the
assessment years in question. The Revenue can successfully support the
validity of this notice only by reference to section 150 (l). Two questions
then arise: (i) Are the provisions of section 150 (1) attracted? (ii) If yes,
C do they save the impugned proceedings ? The answer to the first question
is furnished by section 297 (2) (d) (ii), the very clause which authorises
the issue of the notice of reassessment under section 148. It permits the
issue of the notice under section 148, "subject to the provisions contained
in section 149 or section 150". Though the words "subject to" may be ap-
ptopriate in the context of sectio:i 149 and section 150 (2) (which place
restrictions on the issue of the notice u/s 148), they are somewhat inap-
D propriate apropos section 150 (1) which relaxes the conditions for issue. •
But there is no doubt that the statute clearly intends that the benefit of
enlargement of the time limited ·under section 149 'should be available in
respect of the notice issued under s. 148 read with s. 297 (2) (d) (ii). The·
answer to the second question is furnished by 5. 150 (1) itself. It removes
E the bar of time when the reassessment proceedings are initiated in conse-
quence of or to give effect to a finding contained in an order passed by
any authority in any proceeding by way of appeal, reference or revision.
There is no difficulty here for the orders of the Tribunal and the High
Court for the several years between 1949-50 and 1961-62 were passed in
proceedings by way of appeals and reference and there is no dispute that ),-

the reassessment proceedings have been initiated to give effect to findings
F in such orders. There is, however, a cat<;h in applying the terms of s. JJO(l) ·
to this case. There is no doubt that the whole idea of the sub-section was
to lift the embargo placed on initiation of reassessment proceedings and
to remove the time limit where the notice of reassessment is issued with
a view to give effect to a direction or finding contained in an appellate
order or an order passed on revision or on reference. Unfortunately, how-
G ever, in expressing its above intention, the legislature has worded the ex-
emption from time limit so as to cover only cases where the finding or )'<---

direction is contained in an order passed by any such authority in any such
proceeding "under this Act" i.e. the 1961 Act. In the present case the
assessments for 1949-50 and subsequent years in the case of the family
were made under the old Act and were the subject matters of appeal to the
H
MAHADEO PRASAD v. l.T.O. GORAKHPUR [RANGANAIBA~,J.) 15

Appellate Assistant Commissioner and Tribunal and of reference to the A
High Court under the provisions of the 1922 Act . In other words, the
. ·finding in consequence of which the assessments presently under con-
sideration are being sought to be reopened is a finding contained in orders
passed not 'under this Act' but in orders passed under the 1922 Act.
Literally applied, therefore, the language of section 150 (l} does not help
the department to overcome the bar of limitation otherwise imposed by B
Section 149.

Pressing for the literal construction of the sub-section, it is con-
. tended for the appellant that there are good reasons why this construction
should be accepted :

(1) To accept the contention of the department would mean the virtual c
deletion of the words "under this Act" from s. 150 (1);

(2) It seems clear that the above words have not been inadvertantly
used in the statute. If one turns to s.153 (3), which is an extension
of s. 150 ( 1) removing the time ban for the completion of reassess- D
1> ments initiated for the same purpose, the legislature goes further

than section 150 (1) and makes specific reference to particular
provisions of the new Act;

(3) The provisions of s. 150 (1) will not become redundant if read in E
the manner contended for by the assessee. While no doubt the
proceedings are initiated, in all cases covered by section 297 (2)
(d) (ii), under the new Act, the orders, for giving effect to a findfog
or direction in which such proceedings are initiated, may belong
to either category- they may be orders passed under the old Act F
or they may be orders passed under the new Act. The terms of
section 150 (1) will be effective in the latter category of cases; and

(4) The provisions contained in Ss.150 (1) and 153 (3) are provisions
exempting the applicability of a normal rule of limitation otherwise G
applicable to actions for reassessment and such provisions should
be construed strictly.

On the other hand, it is contended for the department that the object
of the provision being very obvious, namely, that where reassessment
proceedings are initiated to give effect to orders on appeal, reierence or H
16 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1991) SUPP. 1 S. C.R.

A revision, there should be no time limit tying down the hands of the
Revenue as such orders are seldom likely to be passed within the limits
of time mentioned in s. 149, we should give effect to the clear intention
of the legislature and should not frustrate its object. It is, therefore, neces-
sary to examine the provisions of s. 297 (2) (d) (ii) and s. 150 (1) a little
more closely and examine which of the two interpretations is preferable.
B Taking up the appellant's interpretation first, it has no doubt the
attractiveness of simplicity. It is a strict and literal interpretation of s. 150
(1). This apart, learned counsel drew our attention to the fact that the
decided cases have referred to certain decisions of this Court in this con-
text. We do not, however, think that the decisions of this Court in Jain v.
Mahendra, (1972) 83 ITR 104 and Govbuldas v. l.T.0, (1976)103 ITR 123
C cited by appellant's counsel are of any assistance to them. In the former
case, a notice u/s 34 had been issued before 1.4.1962 but it had been
quashed as without jurisdiction as it was barred by time. The question was
whether the proceedings initiated by the notice can be said to have been
pending as on 1.4.1962. The Court answered the question in the affirm-
D ative. It held that, for purposes of s. 297 (2) (d) (ii), all that had to be
seen was whether proceedings under s. 34 of the 1922 Act were factually
pending on 1.4.1962. That the notice issued before that date was barred
by time and was held so later was immaterial. The notice had in fact been
quashed by the High Court in a writ only much later, on 6.3.1%3, and so
proceedings under s. 34 were pending as on 1.4.1%2. We are unable to
see how this decision is of any help here. In the second case, the claim
E by the assessee, a Hindu undivided family, that there had been a partial
partition on 15.11.1955 (as a result of which the share income from two
firms had ceased to be the income of the family from that date) was ac-
cepted by the Income-tax Officer. Subsequently, the assessments of the
two firms for the assessment-years 1950-51 to 1956-57 had been reopened
and reassessments were made on them enhancing their income. Conse-
F quently action was also taken to reopen the assessments of the family
(which, for the relevant previous years had a share in the firms' income).
These assessments were initiated under the new Act in accordance with
the provisions of s. 297 (2) (d) (ii). The assessee had no grievance thus
far. But, while completing the reassessment, the officer, in addition to
reassessing the family, also took advantage of the provisions enacted in
G Ss. 171(6) and (7) of the 1961 Act - which had no counter part in the 1922
Act - and passed orders apportioning the tax assessed on the family
amongst its members. This was objected to by the assessee. The depart-
1
ment, referring to the language of s. 297 (2) (d) (ii)-"that all the
provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly", contended that the I.T.O.
H could legitimately invoke the provisions of Ss. 171 (6) and (7) as well while
MAHADEO PRASAD v. l.T.O. GOR.AKHPUR (RANGANATIIAN, J.) 17

making the reassessments. This contention was negatived. The Court ob- A
~ served:

"These words merely refer to the machinery provided In the
new Act for the assessment of the escaped income. They do
not import any substantive provisions of the new Act which
create rights or liabilities. The word "accordingly" in the con- B
text means nothing more than "for the. purpose of assessment;'
and it clearly suggests that the provisions of the new Act which
are made applicable are those relating to the machinery of
* assessment~"

It will be at once clear that this line of approach can have no validity c
· in the context of section 297 (2) ( d) (ii). Here there is no need to guess or
speculate on which provisions of the new Act are to apply. The section
itself, in so many words, provides that Ss. 148, 149 and 150 will apply to the
initiation of a reassessment proceeding under s. 297 (2) ( d) (ii) and this
cannot be negatived by the last few words of that clause. On the contrary,
as pointed out earlier, they place it beyond all doubt that the provisions of D
• •-1 the 1%1 Act have to be applied to the reassessment on the basis that Ss.
148 to 150 apply. This case also does not, therefore, advance the case of the
assessees. )

It is next contended by the appellant's counsel that the very issue
before us had been considered in the decision of this Court in Seth Gujar- -E
ma/ Modi v. CIT, (1972) 84 ITR 261 and this concludes the issue in· his
favour. The second headnote at page 261 seems to bear out this contention.
It reads:
,)._
".....Since the Appellate Assistant Commissioner's order was
not passed under the 1961 Act, the department could not take F
a9y support from section 150 (1) of the Act."

A perusal of the decision shows, indeed, that this was the ground on
which a separate contention urged on behalf of the department on the
basis pf section 150 (1) was repelled. It is no doubt seen from the facts of
G
----..; the case that it was a case of reassessmerit under section 297 (2) (d) (i) of
the Act and the Court specifically held that reassessment proceedings
~~ should have been initiated under section 34 of the 1922 Act and not under
section 148 of the 1961 Act. In view of this conclusion no question of
\ dra~ng any support from section 150 (1) could at all arise. Still an argu-
ment was addressed and was repelled on the basis of the words "under this H

/
18 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1991) SUPP. 1 S. C. R

A Act" used in section 150 (1) thus upholding the literal construction argu- -+-
ment now addressed on behalf of the assessee. We shall ~nsider this
decision later after considering the department's contentions.

As against the' above contentions, Sri Manchanda submits that the
provisions of section 150 (1) should be applied not blindly but with neces-
B sary modifications to suit the situation. In support of this plea, he relies
strongly on the last few words of s. 297 (2) (d) (ii). It is urged that the
expression : "all the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly" should
be so construed as to enable the Revenue to invoke reassessment proceed-
ings on the footing that the orders on appeal or reference were ones passed
"under this Act" within the meaning of s. 150 (1). Sri Manchanda cited two.
C decisions in support of his contention. In Third I. T.O. v. Damodar Bhat,
(1969) 71I.T.R.806 the question was whether proceedings under s. 226 (3)
of the new Act would apply with respect to a tax liability incurred under
the 1922 Act. The anwser to this question; in the affirmative, turned on the
language of s. 297 (2) G). which provided that any tax or other dues payable
under the 1922 Act may, notwithstanding the repeal. of the 1922 Act, be
D recovered under the Act. The contrary interpretation accepted by the High
Court in that case would have had the effect of nullifying the provisions of
s. 297 (2)G). Again, in Jain Bros. v. Union of India, (1970) 77 ITR 107, it
was held that penalty could be imposed under s. 271 (1) of the 1961 Act in
respect of returns filed before 1.4.1962 and assessments completed
afterl.4.1962 but under the 1922 Act. This was because of s. 297 (2) (g), the
E special transitory provision in this behalf, which provided that "any
proceeding for the initiation of a penalty in respect of any assessment for
the year ending on the 31st day of March 1962 or any earlier year, which is
completed on or after the 1st day of April, 1962, may be initiated and any
such penalty may be imposed under this Act." Here again s. 297 (2) (g) had
been enacted to provide for the exact situation in question and to have held
F to the contrary would have rendered the provisions of s. 297 (2) (g) mean-
ingless and redundant.

The position is no doubt a little different here. The provisions of s.
150 (1) have been specially made applicable and operative in respect ofthe
notice under s. 148 issued in pursuance of s. 297 (2) (d)(ii) and, as pointed
G out earlier, the application of the provisions of s. 297 (2)(d)(ii) gives rise to r-
two sets of situations to one of which the language of s. 150( 1) would
squarely apply and so the interpretation sought for by the appellant does
not render the words of s. 150 (1) redundant. Despite this point of dif- .
ference in the twd sit'l,lations, we think that the principle of the above
decisions that the mutatis mutandis rule should be invoked in interpreting
H
MAHADEO PRASAD v. l.T.O. GORAKHPUR [RANGANATIIAN, J.) 19

s. 297 (2) has application here also. Not to do so would no doubt not make A
--+--- section 150(1) redundant but it will bring about an unintended and inequi-
table situation. It is clear that section 150 (1) will operate to lift the time
bar in cases where the reassessment is initiated under section 148 to give
effect to an order passed under the 1961 Act. Equally, where assessments
had been reopened under section 34 of the 1922 Act before 1.4.1962 to give
effect to orders passed under the 1922 Act and are continued after that B
date by virtue of section '297 (2) (d) (i), the provisions of the second
proviso to section 34 (3) of that Act would preclude the operation of the
--k-~ normal rule of limitation for reassessments. In this situation, it will be a
great anomaly to reach the conclusion that the time limit will operate in
cases where proceedings under section 148 are initiated to give effect to an
order on appeal, revision and reference merely because such order is one c
passed under the 1922 Act. Neither reason nor rhyme can explain how the
statue could have intended such anomaly or why it should be so interpreted
as to result in a discriminatory treatment only to this class of cases. An
interpretation which will result in such anomaly or absurdity should be
• avoided. It is also necessary to remember that s. 297 (2) is a provision
enacted with a view to provide for continuity of proceedings in the context D
" of repeal of one Act by a fresh one broadly containing analogous provisions
and the transitory provisions should, as far as possible, be construed so as
1
to effect such continuity and not so as to create a lacuna. For these reasons
we think that it will be appropriate to so read the words of section 297
(2)(d)(ii) as to permit the applicability of section 150 (or section 153) with
the necessary modifications. To paraphrase, the last words of s. E
297(2)( d){ii) should be read to mean that where the proceedings initiated
under s. 148, subject to the relaxations and limitation of Ss. 149 and 150, all
-f the provisions of the Act shall apply accordingly : that is to say, in the same
manner as they would apply in case of proceedings normally initiated
under these provisions. Since reassessment proceedings so initiated to give
e.ffect to orders on appeal, revision or reference' will not be subject to a F
time limit, the proceedings likewise initiated under s. 297(2)(d)(ii) read
with s. 148 will also not be subjecf to any limitations save to the extent
mentioned in s. 150(2).

We would like to add that, even if section 150(1) is to be read literal-
ly and considered as posing a hurdle as contended for by the appellant, we G
think this result can be overcome by a liberal interpretation of section
'297(2)(k). This clause reads:

"any agreement entered into, appointment made, approval
given, recognition granted, direction, instruction, notification,
H
20 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1991) SUPP. 1 S. C. R

order, or rule issued under any provision of the repealed Act
A
shall, so far as it is not inconsistent with the corresponding +
provision of this Act, be deemed to have been entered· into,
made, granted, given or issued under the corresponding
provision aforesaid and shall continue in force accordingly;"

B This is principally a provision intended to save administrative steps
taken under the 1922 Act by deeming ·them to be steps taken under the
1961 Act. Strictly construed, the words "or4er issued" also wquld seem,
prima facie, to carry only a similar connotation. But we see no objection,
for our present purposes, in the way of our construing these words liberal-
ly and consequently deeming the orders passed and issued by the Tribunal
C and the High Court in this case for the assessment year 1949-50 and sub-
sequent assessment years as orders passed or issued under the correspond-
ing provisions of the new Act. Once this deeming is made, there is no
difficulty in the way of accepting the Revenue's contention. We think that
the circumstances justify a slight straining of the language of this clause and
applying it so interpreted to the problem before us so as to avoid a mean-
D ingless anomaly. Thus construed, the statute can be said not to ~ave mis-
fired in its application to the situation in the present case. '"-··

We should, before we conclude, refer to the decision of this Court in
the Gujar Mal Modi case. As we have pointed out earlier, the principal
conclusion reached in that case was that proceedings under section 148
E could not have been initiated as the case fell under the provisions of sec-
tion 297(2)(d)(i). It was, therefore, unnecessary to deal with the contention
based upon section 150. Moreover, this part of the decision was only based
on a prima facie reading of section 150(1) and contains no discussion of the
various aspects that need consideration and have been touched upon
above. We do not, therefore, think that the above decision can be treated
F as conclusive on the issue before us which, for the reasons discussed above,
we think, shQuld be answered differently.

We affirm the conclusion of the High Court and dismiss the appeal.
No costs.

Y.L. Appeal dismissed.