Holding

Rule 7 of the 1994 Rules, together with para 9(iv) of the advertisement, fully empowers the High Court to prescribe its own evaluation and normalization procedures for the selection of entry‑level District Judges.

Summary

The Supreme Court examined the selection process for entry‑level District Judges in Madhya Pradesh for the 2006‑07 recruitment. Petitioners challenged the High Court's use of a normalization procedure for written‑exam marks and the alleged introduction of a 50% cut‑off at the final stage, arguing that such steps were not authorized by the 1994 Rules or the advertisement. The Court held that Rule 7 of the Madhya Pradesh Uchchtar Nyayik Seva (Bharti Tatha Seva Sharten) Niyam, 1994, read with para 9(iv) of the advertisement, expressly empowers the High Court to prescribe its own evaluation procedure, including normalization, and to set eligibility thresholds. It further found no conflict with the Shetty Commission recommendations and noted that the High Court’s Selection Committee followed a rational, transparent process approved by the Full Court. No allegation of mala‑fides or procedural flaw was substantiated. Consequently, the Court dismissed the writ petitions and the related civil appeals, upholding the appointment of the selected candidate.

Issues considered

The High Court had authority under Rule 7 and the advertisement to devise a normalization procedure for written‑exam marks.
Whether the introduction of a 50% aggregate cut‑off was beyond the powers of the High Court.
Whether the selection process complied with the Shetty Commission recommendations and constitutional provisions under Article 233.
Whether the Selection Committee’s decisions could be reviewed by the Supreme Court.

Legislation cited

Madhya Pradesh Uchchtar Nyayik Seva (Bharti Tatha Seva Sharten) Niyam, 1994s. Rule 7

Subjects

Higher Judicial ServiceDistrict Judge recruitmentNormalization of marksSelection procedureRule 7Judicial appointmentsMerit selection

Judgment

[2013] 13 S.C.R. 884

A MAHINDER KUMAR & ORS.
v.
HIGH COURT OF MADHYA PRADESH THROUGH
REGISTRAR GENERAL &·ORS ~

(Writ Petition (Civil) No.289 of 2007) j;

B
JULY 12, 2013
[ALTAMAS KABIR, CJI AND FAKKIR MOHAMED
IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, VIKRAMAJIT SEN. JJ.]

c Judiciary - Higher Judicial Service - Madhya Pradesh
Higher Judicial Service - Selection of entry level District
Judge - Procedure followed by High Court - Challenged -
Held: Having regard to the power vested in the High Court u/
r. 7, as well as para 9 of the advertisetrJent (inviting
D applications for filling up the posts), in particular para 9 (iv),
the High Court was fully empowered to prescribe its own fa.ir
procedure for purpose of evaluation of the marks of the
candidates, in order to make the ultimate selection - No flaw
found in the process adopted by the High Court - Para 9(iv)
E of the advertisement, read along with r. 7, fully empowered the
High Court to prescribe a procedure from the stage of
evaluating the answer sheets of the candidates, initially by
different District Judges and after noticing different standard.
adopted by different District Judges in the matter of valuation j

F of answer sheets of the candidates, for adopting the
normalization process in order to streamline the whole
selection in a fair manner - Also there was no conflict with the ~
Sheffy Commission recommendation, as approved by
Supreme Court - The procedure followed by 1st respondent
High Court was also rational - No material on record in
G
support of the plea that the minimum percentage requirement --r
for final selection was increased at the final stage - Procedure
adopted by the 1st respondent High Court well in order and
not calling for interference - Madhya Pradesh Uchchtar

H 884
l\t'AHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG. 885
GEN.

,y Nyayik Seva (Bharti Tatha Seva Sharten) Niyam, 1994 - r. 7 A
(as amended by Madhya Pradesh Rajpatra (ASADHARAN)
dated 08.06.2005).

Selection made by the High Court of Madhya
Pradesh of the third respondent for the post of entry level
B
District Judge in the cadre of Madhya Pradesh Higher
Judicial Service for the year 2006-07 was in issue in the
instant appeals.
t Dispute arose as to whether by virtue of the powers
provided in Rule 7 of the Madhya Pradesh Uchchtar c
Nyayik Seva (Bharti Tatha Seva Sharten) Niyam, 1994
("the 1994 Rules") as amended by Madhya Pradesh
Rajpatra (ASADHARAN) dated 08.06.2005, read along with
para 9 (iv) and (vi) of the advertisement inviting
applications for filling up posts in the Madhya Pradesh D
-ft. Higher Judicial Service, the High Court was well justified
in formulating the procedure in making the selection in
question.

The Petitioners/ appellants further contended before
E
this Court that under the Rules, there was no provision
for adopting the procedure of normalization of the marks
secured by the candidates in the written examination and
that, therefore, the said procedure adopted by the High
'f Court could not be sustained. It was also contended that
while making the final selection and appointment of 3rd F
respondent, the prescription of 50% cut-off marks in the
aggregate marks was again not prescribed either in the
Rule nor in the advertisement and thus, such a
prescription evolved by the High Court on its own was
--r- without any authority and, therefore, the ultimate G
selection and appointment of 3rd respondent cannot be
sustained. In support of their stand, the Petitioners/
appellants .;eferred to the Shetty Commission Report,
which was accepted by this Court where the benchmark
of 120 out of 200 marks, i.e. 60%, was fixed, which in turn H
886 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A stated that the said prescription should be followed,
unless or otherwise the High Court Rules provide for a
different benchmark and the prescription of a bel)Chniark
for viva voce. ·

.B Disposing of all the matters, the Court

HELD:

Per Kalifulla, J.

c 1. Rule 7 specifically deals with the direct recruitment
of District Judges as provided for in Rule 3(1) of the
amended Rules. Therefore, in the absence of any
challenge to the said Rule 7 as prescribed or any serious
infirmity pointed out in the said Rule, going by the Rule
as it stands, it can be stated that the High Court has been
0
vested with the required power to evolve its own
procedure" of selection for direct recruitment and
promotion in respect of Entry Level District Judges and
that the High Court can specify such procedure from time
E to time. Rule 7 fully empowered the High Court to evolve
its own procedure. [Para 26) (910-8-D)

2. It cannot be said that the said Rule 7 in anyway
conflict with whatever that has been recommended in the
Shetty Commissi?n Report. The Shetty Commission
F Report, while prescribing a benchmark of 60% marks for ,,
the written examination, without any prescription of
minimum marks in the viva voce, itself mentions that
such recommendation was subject to prescription of any
Rule, which operates in the respective High Courts.
G Therefore, so long as Rule 7 operates in the field and the
said Rule does not conflict with any other constitutional ·
or statutory provision or any other Rule or regulation
governing the subject, the said Rule empowering the
High Court to formulate its own procedure and specify
H such procedure from time to time is valid and also
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 887
GEN.

justified. Such a provision does empower the High Court A
to formulate a procedure for the purpose of selection of
direct recruitment to the post of Entry Level District
Judges. [Para 27] [910-E-H]

3.1. In view of the constitutional mandate, which 8
empowers the respective High Court to deal with the
selection of District Judges, within its jurisdiction and the
ultimate appointment to be made by the concerned
Governor of such a State, a reading of Article 233(1) of
the Constitution along with Rule 7 of the 1994 Rules, as C
amended in the year 2005, makes it clear that the 1st
respondent High Court is invested with every power and
authority to evolve an appropriate procedure in the
matter of selection for direct recruitment and promotion
of Entry Level District Judges and that depending upon
the exigencies, such procedures can also be specified by D
the 1st respondent High Cou'rt from time to time.
Therefore, the 1st r~spondent High Court was fully
empowered under Rule 7 to prescribe the required
procedure for selection of Entry Leyel District Judges by
way of direct recruitment and specify such procedure E
from time to time according to the exigencies prevailing.
[Para 30) [912-G-H; 913-A-C]

3.2. In the background of the Rule prevailing, the
prescription contained in para 9(iv) of the advertisement F
) dated 21.08.2006, empowering the High Court to decide
which of the candidates can be called for the interview
based on the evaluation of their performance in the
written examination, should also be held to be in
consonance with Rule 7 and Article 233(1) of the G
Constitution. [Para 31) [913-C-D]

3.3. There is a clear indication in para 9 of the
advertisement as to in what manner the High Court .is
going to conduct the selection process. In para 9(iii), it
has been sufficiently indicated that each P.aper of the H
888 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A written examination will be for a duration of 3 hours, with
a maximum of 100 marks to be scored. The object in
holding the written examination in both the 1st and 2nd
papers, have also been specifically highlighted in para
9(iii). Once the written examination part is fulfilled, the
B High Court has to formulate a "procedure by which the
answer papers are to be evaluated in order to ascertain
the marks scored by the respective candidates.
Therefore, in para 9(iv) it has been specified that before
calling any of the candidates for interview who appeared
c for the written examination, an evaluation will have to be
made and based on the evaluation and performance, the
High Court will decide as to who should be called .for the
interview. [Paras 32, 35 & 36] [913-G; 914-D-F]

3.4. The expression 'evaluation' would take into its
D fold the minimum marks to be scored, the manner in
which the evaluation is to be made and in the event of
any requirement, to equalize the merits of the candidate
in the written examination and follow any appropriate
procedure in consonance with law, in order to ultimately
E arrive at a fair process by which the candidate can be
called for interview, based on the evaluation of the marks
in the written examination. In a situation like this, where
nearly 3000 candidates appeared for the written
examination and the answer papers were evaluated by
F several District Judges, the High Court in exercise of its
authority under Rule 7, read along with para 9(iv) adopted 1

a fair procedure to normalize the rriarks of the candidates
in order to asses their respective merits. Therefore, the
expression evaluation used in para 9(iv), should be held
G to fully empower the High Court to even resort to such
a step in a case like this, where more number of District
Judges evaluated the answer sheets and thereby, it
required the intervention of the High Court in its
administrative side, to find a fair method by which the
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 889
GEN.

normalization of the marks could be worked out. [Paras A
37, 38] [914-G-H; 915-A-D]

3.5. Para 9(iv), read along with Rule 7, fully
empowered the High Court to prescribe a procedure from
the stage of eva·luating the answer sheets of the 8
candidates, initially by different District Judges and after
noticing different standard adopted by different District
Judges in the matter of valuation of answer sheets of the
candidates, for adopting the normalization process in
order to streamline the whole selection in a fair manner. C
Therefore, the submission that every minute detail of the
procedure, which the High Court followed in evaluating
the answer sheets of the candidates, were not disclosed
to them in the advertisement and on that the whole
selection stood vitiated, cannot be accepted. [Para 39]
[915-E-G] D

3.6. By virtue of Rule 7 and para 9(i), (iii), (iv) and (vi),
there was enough prescription empowering the High
Court to follow its own procedure in evaluating the
answer sheets initially by the District Judges and E
subsequently by common evaluators, before holding the
interview. The submission made on behalf of the
petitioners in attacking the procedure f~llowed by the
High Court in the matter of holding the selection pursuant
-+ to the advertisement dated 21.08.2006, is therefore F
rejected. [Para 40] [915-H; 916-A-B]

4.1. The High Court constitute"d a Selection
Committee, consisting of 6 Judges of the High Court, with
whom the process of direct recruitment to the post of
Addi. District Judges, through competitive examination G
was entrusted. The methodology followed by the High
Court based on the resolution of the Selection Committee
dated 24.04.2007, was that the 40% marks secured by
general category candidates and 35 % marks secured by
reserved category candidates in each of the papers H
890 SUl?.REME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A evaluated by the District Judges was the basis to finalize
the n"ames of 15 candidates for the purpose of
interviewing them on the 6th and 7th of April, 2007, by the
Selection Committee and not based on the normali2:ation
of marks. [Paras 47, 54] [918-H; 919-A; 924-A-B]
B
4.2. Any such criteria of fixing 50% of aggregate
marks as the benchmark for making the selection, was
neither resolved in any of the resolutions of the Selection
Committee or any other proceedings of the High Court,
•
C nor was there anything stated in so many words in the
counter affidavit of the first respondent High Court. [Para
57] (926-C-D]

5. None of the aggrieved candidates have made any
allegation of ma/a. tides or lack of bona tides, as against
D any of the Selection Committee members or for that
matter in the manner in which the interview was held by
the interviewing committee or with regard to the valuation
of marks arrived at either by the District Judges or in the
normalization of marks ultimate·1y arrived at by the
E common evaluators. The only submission was that the
methodology adopted by the Selection Committee in
resorting to the normalization process was a departure
in the midway of the selection process and therefore, on
that score the ultimate selection cannot be approved. As
F far as the said challenge is concerned, having regard to
the power vested in the High Court under Rule 7, as well
as ·paragraph 9 of the advertisement, in particular para 9
(iv), the High Court was fully empowered to prescribe its
-
own fair procedure for the purpose of evaluation of the
G marks of the candidates, in order to make the ultimate
selection. Therefore, in the absence of any other attack
to the selection process made by the High Court by
constituting a Selection Committee and the procedure
followed by the said Selection Committee, which
ultimately arrived at the merit list of the 15 shortlisted
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 891
GEN.

'"1' candidates for finalizing the selection, it will have to held ;:.
that no flaw can be found in the said process adopted
by the High Court. [Para 59] (927-B-F]

6. The Selection Committee's ultimate decision in
their resolution dated 18.4.2007; in holding that in their f.air B
assessment, the third .respondent alone, who secured
55.46% marks in the aggregate, as the only suitable
candidate for holding the post of entry level District
t- Judge, cannot be assailed. It is by now well settled that
no Court, including this Court can venture to go behind c
.....
~
the said assessment made by. an expert committee
··consisting of high level members of the judiciary of the
State and state that the said decision should be varied
by holding that the other candidates whose performance
was also apprised by the said expert committee, should
D
_,.. be held to be suitab!e on par with the selected candidate
•. and that they should also be selected and appointed. This
Court should never make even an attempt to go behind
the ultimate decision of the Selection Committee in order
....
i .to set at naught the final decision arrived at by it, which
was approved by the Full Court or vary its decision by E
adding sorne more candidates in t!ie list by laying down
a different criteria, by altering or by fixing any benchmark
,,._ for being appointed to the higher judiciary of the State.
[Para 61) (928-H; 929-A-D]
F
7. In the instant case, based on the Rule prevailing
and the 'prescription found in the advertisement, the first
respondent High Court scrupulously followed the
procedure without givir:ig room for any deviation. Also
.. .....,..,., there was no conflict with the Shetty Commission G
re.commendation, which had the approval of this Court in
,,.:the decision reported in All India Judges' Association and
others. [Para 62) [929-F-G]

8. The· normalization process adopted by the High
Court in this case where the initial evaluation was made H
892 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] '13 S.C.R.

A by several evaluators in the rank of District Judges, by
appointing common evaluators in the status of a Retd.
Chief Justice and a Retd. Judge of the High Court, was
a prudent step taken by the 1st respondent High Court
and no fault could be found with that approach. [Para 65]
B
9. In the present case, what all was done by the
Selection Committee based on the power vested in the
High Court, under Rule 7 and what was prescribed in
para 9 (iv) of the advertisement, was a pattern of selection ~
C in which the 25 marks allotted for interview was simply
applied. No minimum marks to be secured in the
interview, was prescribed afresh after the selection
process commenced and thereby, for anyone to state
that there was any change in the 'rule of the game' in
order to interfere with the selection. By virtue of Rule 7
D and para 9(iv), the 1st respondent High Court had every k-"
authority to prescribe the procedure, while making the
selection to the post of higher judicial service and that
such procedure followed was also rational. The
procedure adopted by the 1st respondent High Court
E was well in order and the same d0es not ca!! for
interference. [Paras 68, 69 and 73] [933-B-C; 935-A-F]

K. Manjusree vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and another
(2008) 3 SCC 512: 2008 (2) SCR 1025 - held inapplicable. .A(

F
K.H. Siraj vs. High Court of Kera/a and others (2006) 6
sec 395: 2006 (2) Suppl. SCR 790 - relied on.
Alf India Judges' Association an.d others vs. Union of
India and others (2002) 4 sec 247: 2002 (2) SCR 712;
G Sanjay Singh and another vs. U.,P. Public- Sf?rvice ---r'°"'
Commission, Allahabad and another (2007) 3 sec 720:
2007 (1) SCR 235; Hemani Malhotra vs. High Court of Delhi
(2008) 7 SCC 11: 2008 (5) SCR 1066; Ramesh Kumar vs.
High court of Delhi and another (2019) 3 sec 104: 2010 (2)
H SCR 256 and The State of Haryana vs. Subash Chander
-
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 893
GEN.
Marwaha and others (1974) 3 SCC 220: 1974 (1) SCR 165 - A
~
·referred to.
Per Kabir, CJI. [Supplementing)
HELD: 1. There is no material on record in support
I B
< of Ground 'O' taken in the Writ Petition, wherein it has
::I
been mentioned that "To top it all, the minimum
percentage requirement for final selection was increased
to 50% at the final stage." [Para 1) [936-A-B]
t 2. Nowhere in the advertisement inviting applications c
for filling up the 20 posts in the Madhya Pradesh Higher
Judicial Service by direct" recruitment from the Bar, has it
been ·indicated as to what would be the minimum
percentage of marks, which would be required for final
selection. The only place where reference has been made D
• -f.-. to the said figure is in the Resolution of the Selection
' Committee ·adopted on 23rd March, 2007, wherein in
paragraph 1 it has been indicated that on the basis of the
evaluation made by District Judges, Scheduled· Castes
and Scheduled Tribes candidates would have to secure E
35% marks and other candidates, would have to secure
'
40% marks in the first paper and in the second paper in ·
order to qualify for the viva-voce. The problem was
~· cau~ed by the note written by the Registrar General of the
High Court indicated at the bottom of the final Select List,
F
wherein it~ was mentioned that the selected candidate,
who had obtained more than 50% marks, was found
suitable to be recommended for appointment. The said
note has given cause for Ground 'D' to the Writ Petition,
although, there is nothing, even in the note, to suggest
"1'" - that previously 40% of the total marks had been declared G
or accepted to be the bench-mark for appointment. The
< note is merely a statement which indicates that the
sel~cted candidate had obtained more than 50% marks.
The same does not either indicate or pre-suppose that
there was a lower bench-mark for the Petitioners to claim H
894 SUPRE.ME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.
~

A in Ground 'D' that the bench-mark had been increased to -r
50%. [Paras 1, 2 and 3) [936-C-D, G-H; 937-A-B]

Case Law Reference:
In the judgment of Kalifulla, J.
B
2002 (2) SCR 712 referred to Paras 4, 8, t-
61,67,71
2007 (1) SCR 235 referred to Paras 4, ~4 i
c 2008 (2) SCR 1025 referred to Para 4, 66
2008 (5) SCR 1066 referred to Para 4
2010 (2) SCR 256 referred to Paras 4, 60,
70
D 2006 (2) Suppl. SCR 790referred to Para 8, 61, ~
72
1974 (1) SCR 165 referted to Para 8,
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (Civil) No.
E 289 of 2007.

Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.

WITH .)I(

F W.P.(C) No. 178 of 2008, C.A. Nos. 7790 & 7791 of 2011.

B.H. Marlapalle, Ravindra Shrivastava, Pragati Neekhra,
Rauf Rahim, Yadunandan Bansal, Parth Tiwari, Annam D.N.
Rao, Manisha Monga, A. Venkatesh, Manish K. Bishnoi, C.D.
G Singh, Sunny Choudhary, Survigya, Harmeet, Sakshi, Arjun -...,.-
~
Garg, Mishra Saurabh, Dharam Bir RajVohra, Mohan Pandey,
Niraj Sharma, Kuldip Singh, B.S. Banthia, Deepak K. ,;
Wadhwani (Respondent-In-Person) for the appearing parties.

The Judgments of the Court was delivered by
H
. .

MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. 895
...

•~ issues involved in these writ petitions and appeals are one and
FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J. 1. As the A

tlie: same, the same are being disposed of by this common
judgment.

. 2. In Writ Petition (C) No. 289 of 2007, the challenge is to B
·the selection made.by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh in
the cadre of Madhya Pradesh Higher Judicial Serv.ice to the
.,.._ post of entry level District Judge in the selection process for
t~e year 2006-07 in which the third respondent .alone came to
b.e. selected for the .20 posts advertised. Petitioners and
respondent Nos.4 to S were all unsuccessful candidates who
c
participated in the said selection. Writ Petition No.178 of 2Q08
was also by one of the candidates who also participated in the
selection of 2006-07 and has come forward with the similar
relief as in Writ Petition (C) No. 289 of 2007. Civil Appeal
..,._ N'o.7790 of 2011 and Civil Appeal No.7791 of 2011 have been D
preferred by two candidates who were also not successful in
the very ~ame selection ar:id who approached the High Court
by filing independent writ petitions in W.P. (C) No.4604 of 2007
and W.P.(C) No.4605 of 2007, which were disposed of by a
common order dated 09.04.2007, by the Division Bench of E
Madhya Pradesh High Court. Both the writ petitions were
dismissed. Those writ petitions were also filed challenging the
.,_ very same selection made for the post of Madhya Pradesh
Higher Judicial Service in the selection process of 2006-07.
.'\ Since the challenge in both the writ petitions, as well as the civil F
appeals are- relating to the same selection for the post of
District Judge (Entry Level) of the Madhya Pradesh Higher
Judicial Service, we dispose of all the above four cases by this
common judgment.
" ~
G
3. Since the_~ubmissions made by Mr. Marlapalle; learned
senior counsel appearing for the petitioners i!l W.P.(C) No.289
of 2007 were generally adopted by the other respective
counsel, except for a few submission made by Mr. Annam D.
· N. Rao, i,earned counsel for the appellants in Civil Appeal
H
896 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

'r
A No.7790 of 2011 and Civil Appeal No.7791 of 2011, we mainly •
refer to the submissions of Mr. Marlapalle, while considering
the grievances of the petitioners in the writ petition, as well a.s
the appellants in the civil appeals.

4. Mr. Marlapalle learned senior counsel, in his
B
submissions referred to the advertisement dated 21.08.2006,
calling for 20 posts of Higher Judicial Service of Madhya
Pradesh, namely, the Entry Level District Judge post. The
written examination was held on 17.12.2006, for two papers
i
prescribed in the advertisement. The learned senior counsel,
c after referring to the list of candidates who were called for
interview and the ultimate resolution of the Selection Committee
after normalization of the marks secured by the short-listed 15
candidates, who are the petitioners in Writ Petition (C) No. 289
of 2007, as well as respondent Nos.4 to 8 in th~t writ petition,
D submitted that the merit list could have been drawn solely based ~
on the written examination marks and the interview marks put
together, without adopting the normalization process as was
done by the High Court, which was not mentioned in the
advertisement. According to learned senior counsel, the
E procedure of normalization of marks adopted by the High Court
after the holding of the written examination, was not permissible
in law. The learned senior counsel contended that the condition
of 50% of marks to be scored in the normalized marks along -¥
with marks secured in the interview, was neither mentioned in
,;.
F the advertisement, nor in the Rules, nor in the Shetty
Commission recommendations and, therefore,. such a
condition could not have been prescribed at the fag end of the
conduct of the selection. The learned senior counsel after
referring to the resolution of the Selection Committee submitted ~ ·'

G that the same did not have the approval of the Full Court. By
referring to the amended Rules 7 of the Rules relating to the
recruitment for the post of Higher Judicial Service of Madhya
Pradesh, learned senior counsel contended that if the High
Court can formulate its own procedure as per the said Rule,
H
.
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 897
GEN. [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.)

then it should have been disclosed in the advertisement or at A
~
f least before the written examination was conducted. The
learned senior, counsel would further contend that even in the
counter affidavit filed before this Court, no reason was given
for the decision taken by the High Court to resort to
normalization of marks as mentioned in para 11 (a) of the B
counter affidavit. The learned senior counsel would contend that
having regard to such serious violations in the matter of
selection, the whole selection was vitiated. ·The learned senior
t- co_unsel in his submission contended that in the Shetty
Commission Report, which was accepted by this Court in All c
India Judges' Association and others vs. Union of India
and others - (2002) 4 SCC 2~7, the Shetty Commission,
recommended that there can be· a benchmark of 1.20 marks
out of 200 marks, i.e., 60%, for making the selection and that
the High Court can provide a benchmark under the Rules for
D
viva voce and without any such prescriptio,n it was not
permissible for the High Court to prescribe a benchmark, while
making the selection. The learned senior counsel also relied
upon the decisions in Sanjay Singh and another vs. UP.
Public Service Commission, Allahabad and another - (2007)
3 SCC 720, K. Manjusree vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and E
another- (2008) 3 SCC 512, Hemani Malhotra vs. High Court
of Delhi - (2008) 7 sec 11 and.Ramesh Kumar vs. High court
of Delhi and anothet - (2010) 3 sec 104.

5. Mr. A.D.N. Rao, learned counsel appearing for the F
appellants in Civil Appeal No.7790 of 2011 and Civil Appeal
No. 7791 of 2011, referred to the advertisement and submitted
that though specific posts were earmarked for reserved
categories, when the ultimate select list was announced 1
- --r---- reservation was given a go by. The learned counsel further G
contended that since the Rules were changed midway, the
appellant got eliminated and, therefore, on that score the
selection should be held to be vitiated.

6. As against the above submissions .Mr. Shrivastava,
H
898 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A learned senior counsel appearing for the High Court, dealing
y
with the last of the contentions made by Mr. Marlapalle that the •
selection did not have the approval of the Full Court, pointed
out that in the letter by which the selection was announced by
the communication of the Registrar General dated 24.04.2007,
B there is a reference to the resolution of the Full Court meeting
dated 22.04.2007, by which the selection was approved by the
Full Court. The said submission was made by Mr. Shrivastava,
apart from submitting' that such a contention was never raised
before the High Court, nor in the writ petition.
c 7. The learned senior counsel then referred to the
amended Rule 7 and pointed out that as per the said Rule,
whatever was not prescribed in the Rules was left to be
decided by the High Court and lhat even as per para 9 of the
advertisement and in particular Rule 9(iv), the High Court was
D empowered to follow its own procedure. The learned senior
counsel then contended that the High Court in exercise of such
powers vested in it, constituted a Committee of Judges to
make the selection and that the Selection Committee
determined the procedure to be followed as to how the eligibility
E of the candidates who participated in the examination, were to
be determined for the purpose of the interview and that after
following the due procedure resolved by the Selection
Committee, the marks secured by the candidates in the written
examinations, in both the papers, which were evaluated by
F different District Judges, were normalized by two common
evaluators and that based on such normalized marks and the
marks scored by the eligible candidates in the interview, the
ultimate selection was made.

G 8. The learned senior counsel contended that the
submission that there was midway change in the process of
selection was not correct in the light of the amended Rule 7 and
the power vested in the High Court under Rule 9(iv), which
enabled the High Court to follow its own procedure for making
the selection. The learned senior counsel lastly contended that
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 899
[F-AKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J]

.by following the due procedure prescribed by the High Court A
in the matter of the selection, which was in accordance with the
prescribed Rules, the Selection Committee in its wisdom found
that the third respondent alone was found meritorious and
suitable for holding the post in Higher Judicial Service of
Madhya Pradesh and in the absence of any other allegations B
striking at the route of the selection process or the Selection
Committee or Interview Committee, the ultimate selection
made by the High Court and the appointment of the third
~- respondent based on such selection cannot be interfered with.
The learned senior counsel relied upon the decisions reported c
in A// India Judges' Association and others (supra), K.H. Siraj
vs. High Court of Kera/a and others - (2006) 6 SCC 395 anct
•!
The State of Haryana vs. Subash Chander Marwaha and
i
others - (1974) 3 sec 220 in support of his submissions.

9. Having heard the learned counsel for the respective D
'I
parties and having perused the relevant Rules made by the
High Court in its advertisement, as well as the judgment
·- ·impugned in the civil appeals and other material papers, we
feel that in order to· appreciate the controversy raised and the
correctness of the decision made by the High Court in the E
matter of selection and appointment of third respondent in Writ
Petition (C) No.289 of 2007, reference to the relevant Rules,
the clauses contained in the advertisement and the resolutions
1 of the Selection Committee of the High Court and the
proceedings of the Interview Comn:iittee have to be looked into. F
We also find that the procedure actually followed by the High
Court and what it sought to explain in the counter affidavit,· have
to be referred in order to understand and clar!fy the procedure
followed in the matter of selection.
~
~/
G
10. By the advertisement at Annexure P-2, filed by
respondent No.1 by way of counter affidavit dated 21.08.2006,
the High Court of Madhya Pradesh called for applications to
fill up 20 posts in Madhya Pradesh Higher Judicial Service by
direct recruitment from the Bar, making it .clear that it will be
H
900 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A governed by the Madhya Pradesh Uchchtar Nyayik Seva (Bharti
Tatha Seva Sharten) Niyam, 1994 (hereinafter cajled "the 1994
Rules") as amended by Madhya Pradesh Rajpatra
(ASADHARAN) dated 08.06.2005. .

B 11. The advertisement stated that out of 20 posts, 11 posts
were earmarked for general category candidates and three
posts each reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes
and Other Backward Classes candidates. It was also made
clear that if sufficient number of suitable candidates belonging
C to the reserved categories were not available, such posts would
be treated as unreserved. Para 9 of the advertisement which
contains sub-clauses (i) to (vii) are relevant for our purpose. The
same are required to be extracted, which read as under:

(i) The candidates may be short-listed at the
D preliminary stage i.e. before written examination, by ·
the High Court.

(ii) Eligible candidates will be required to appear in
Written Examination and interview at their own
E expenses before the High Court of Madhya
Pradesh, Jabalpur, or at such other places as may
be specified by the High Court.

(iii) The Written Examination shall consist of two
papers, each of 3 hours' duration and of maximum
F 100 marks. The object of the written examination
is to assess the knowledge of a candidate in Law
and latest pronouncements. 1st paper shall relate
to Constitution of India, Civil Procedure Code,
Cr.P.C., l.P.C.,..Hindu Law, Transfer of Property Act,
G M.P. Accommodation Control Act, Limitation Act,
Evidence Act and M.P. Land Revenue Code,
Special Acts like N.D.P.S. Scheduled Castes &
Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act,
Prevention of Corruption Act, Negotiable Instrument
H Act.
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG 901
GEN. [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

'~ Second paper will be in two parts, the First Part will A
contain factual data of a Civil Case and a Criminal
Case on the basis of which the candidate shall
prepare judgment in the Civil Case and Criminal
Case. The Second Part will contain a passage in
Hindi to be translated into English ar:id a passage B
in English to translate into Hindi.

(iv) Only such candidates will be called for interview as
the High Court may decide, on the basis of
evaluation of their performance in the written C
examination.

(v) The interview shall carry 25 marks.

(vi) Candidates shall be selected on tne basis of
aggregate marks obtained by them in both the 0
written examination and interview.

(vii) On completion of the selection process, the result
of examination (list of selected candidates) shall be
published in M.P. Rajpatra and all the candidates
both successful and unsuccessful shall be supplied E
mark sheets at their given addresses by ordinary
post."

12. The said para 9 states as to how the short-listing of
candidates at the preliminary stage itself before the written F
examination were to be made/by the High Court, the
requirement of the candidates to appear in the written
examination consisting of two papers where, the maximum
marks in each paper was 100 and the relevant laws in which
the examination would be conducted in botti the papers was G
also specified. In para 9(iv), it was specified ttiat the High Court
may decide on the basis of evaluation of their performance in
the written examination for calling those candidates for
interview. Under para 9 (v), the interview marks were specified
as 25. In para 9(vi), it was mentioned that candidates would H
\
902 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A be selected on the basis of aggregate marks obtained by them,, ·T"'"""
bo.th in the written examination and the interview. The last.
paragraph of the amended Rule 7 is also relevant, which reads ·
as under:

B "The procedure of selection for direct recruitment and
promoti6n shall be such, as may be specified by the High
Court from time to time."

13. As per the advertisement at Annexure P-2, the last date
for submission of application was 30.09.2006 and the date of.
i
c examination was notified as 17.12.2006. In response to the:
advertisement, it is stated that 3556 number of applications i
were received and ultimately 2498 candidates appeared for '
paper I and 2494 candidates appeared for paper II. According
to the High Court, in accordance with Rule 7, as well as
D paragraph 9 of the advertisement, the Selection Comrpittee
~
constituted by the High Court, monitored the whole selecti_on
and the ultimate appointment of the third respondent was also
approved by the Full Court. The Selection Committee stated
to have met on 22.03.2007, as per Annexure R-1 in which the
E committee adopted the following resolutions in the matter of
direct recruitment to the post of Additional District Judge through •
competitive examination. The resolutions are as under:

"1. On the basis of the evaluation made by District _,..,
Judges scheduled caste and scheduled tribe
F
candidates must secure 35 per cent marks and
other candidates must secure 40 per cent marks
in the first paper and in the second paper to qualify
for viva-voce.
G 2. While determining the merit of candidates finally, '.,,- -
the marks secured by different candidates in the
written examination in the first and second paper
will be normalized on the basis of marks secured
by them in the common evaluation by the same
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 903
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

evaluator for each of the two papers. A'

3. To the marks so normalized by common Evaluators
of both the papers, the marks secured in the viva-
voce will be added and the merit position of the
candidates will be determined."
B
14. Annexure R-2 filed along with counter affidavit of the
High Court, consists of 15 candidates who were called for
interview on the basis of the result of the written examination
held on 17.12.2006. The date of interview was noted as 6th and
7th April, 2007 at 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. for all the candidates at C
the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur. All the 15
-eandidates found in Annexure R-2 are the petitioners and
respoi:idents 3 to 8, in Writ Petition (C) No. 289 of 2007 and it
is relevant to state that Annexure P-6 to P-9 relate to them.
Ahnexure P-6 filed·by the petitioners in the said writ petition, D
is a true copy issued by the Registrar General of the High Court
of Madhya Pradesh, which is stated to be the tabulation sheet
of candi~ates on the basis of the marks awarded by District
Judges prior to the process of normalization and who were
selected for personal interview on the 6th and 7tti of April, 2007. E
It will be necessary to notethe marks found therein in the said
statement and, 'therefore, the same is also extracted hereunder;

s. Roll Name of the Paper I Paper II
No. No; No.Candidates
F
1 1030 Shri Axay Kumar Dwivedi 59 58
.-
2 3202 Shri Radhe Shaym Sharma 65 64

3 3806 Shri Sanat Kumar Kashyap 58 45
G
4 1652 Shri Arvind Kumar Soni 53 57

5 .4477 Shri Mahinder Kumar 50 59
-·
6 4480 Shri Hemant Kumar Yadav 48 50
H
904 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A 7 4484 Shri Jai Narayan Gupta 44 54
.

8 4463 Shri Praneet Sharma 42 52

9 4143 Shri Ravindra Kumar Agrawal
.
40 44
B 10 2571 Shri Akhilesh Shukla 43 45

11 1554 Shri Dharam Prakash Sharma 42 44

12 4402 Shri Niraj Kumar Shrivastava 47 41
c 13 1058 Raj Kumari Mishra 40 45

14 3048 Shri Deepak Kishanchand 40 41
Wadhwani

15 2909· Shri Krishna Ballabha Kumar 43 40
D Pandey

15. Annexure P-7 is also a certified true copy issued by
Registrar General, which contains the normalized marks
awarded by the common evaluator of the candidates who were
E called for personal interview on the 6th and 7t~ of April, 2007,
which is as under:

s. Roll Name of the Normalized Marks
No. No. Candidates by common.Evaluators
I II
F
1 1030 Shri Axay Kumar 50 56
Dwivedi
2 3202 Shri Radhe Shaym 47 52
Sharma
G
3 1652 Shri Arvind Kumar 42 52
Soni
4 3806 Shri Sanat Kumar 37 41
Kashyao
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 905
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

5 4477 Shri Mahinder 41 42 A
·Kumar
6 4480 Shri Hemant Kuamr 29 50
Yadav
7 1554 Shr~ Dharam 36 40 B
Prakash Sharma
.

8 4143 Shri Ravindra 23 44
Kumar Agrawal -
9 2571 Shri Akhilesh Shukla 34 37
c
10 1058 Raj Kumari Mishra 26 40
11 4402 Shri Niraj Kumar 29 37
Shrivastava
12 4484 Shri Jai Narayan 23 38
D
Gupta
,13 4463 Shri Praneet Sharma 24 36
1:4 3048 Shri Deepak 19 32
Kishanchand Wadhwani
E
15 2909 Shri Krishna Ballabha 23 28
Kumar Pandey
16. Annexure P-8 is another certified true copy of the
'f-
tabulation sheet of candidates who were interviewed on the 6th
and .7th of April, 2007, which disclosed ·the marks secured by F
them in the interview, which is as under:
s. Roll Name_ <>! the Interview Marks
No. No. Candidates
1 1030 Shri Axay Kumar Dwivedi 18.79 G
2 3202 Shri Radhe Shaym Sharma 5
3 1652 Shri Arvind Kumar Soni 1.92
4 3806 Shri Sanat Kumar Kashyap 12.71
H
906 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 13 S.C.R.

A 5 4477 Shri Mahinder Kumar 1.29
6 4480 Shri Hemant Kumar Yadav 2042
7 1554 Shri Dharam Prakash Sharma 3.29
8 4143 Shri Ravindra Kumar Aarawal 9.28
B
9 2571 Shri Akhilesh Shukla 1.79
.

10 1058 Raj Kumari Mishra 3.93
11 4402 Shri Nirai Kumar Shrivastava 1
c 12 4484 Shri Jai Narayan Gupta 1.93
13 4463 Shri Praneet Sharma 1.79
14 3048 Shri Deepak Kishanchand 3.5
Wadhwarii
D 15 2909 Shri Krishna Ballabha Kumar 1.29
Pandev
17. Annexure P-9 contains the list of total marks of
candidates who were called for personal interview on the 6th
and 7th of April, 2007, which disclose the aggregate marks
E obtained by the 15 candidates, both in the written examination,.
as well as in the interview and the percentage arrived for 225
marks, which was fixed for the written examination and interview
(200+25). The same is as under: ~

F $. Roll Name of the Marks Obtained
No. No. Candidates Written &
Interview out of
-
225
Total %
G
1 1030 Shri Axay Kumar Dwivedi 124.79 55.46

2 3202 Shri Radhe Shaym Sharma 104 46.22

3 1652 Shri Arvind Kumar Soni 95.92 42.63
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. 907
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

4 3806 Shri Sanat Kumar Kashyap 90.71 40.32

5 .4477 Shri Mahinder Kumar 84.29 37.46

6 4480 Shri Hemant Kumar Yadav 81.42 36.19

7 1554 Shri Dharam Prakash 79.29 35.24 B
Sharma .

8 4143 Shri Ravindra Kumar 76.28 33.90
Agrawal

·2571 Shri Akhilesh Shukla 72.79 32.35
c
9

10 1058 Raj Kumari Mishra 69.93 31.08

11 4402 Shri Niraj Kumar 67.00 29.78
Shrivastava D
.

12 4484 Shri Jai Narayan Gupta 62.93 27.97

13 4463 Shri Praneet Sharma 61.79 27.46

14 3048 Shri Deepak Kishanchand 54.5 24.22 E
Wadhwani

15 2909 Shri Krishna Ballabha 52.29 23.24
Kumar Panqey

18. One other factor to be mentioned is that of the 15 F
candidates, respondent No.5 Shri Hemant Kumar Yadav, son
of Ram Lal is the only candidate who belongs to the Other
Backward Class category.

19. Having noted the above factors, in the first place, we G
wish to deal with the question as to whether the High Court was
empowered to formulate its own procedure in the matter of
selectio-n for the post of Madhya Pradesh Higher Judicial
Service. The initial contention raised on behalf of the petitioners,
as well as the appellants centr~s around the said question and H
we feel that the same should be addressed at the first instance.
,-
908 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A 20. In order to appreciate the said contention, the relevant r~

factors to be noted are some of the provisions contained in the
Rules, as well as the advertisement. Under the last paragraph
of ~he un-amended Rule 7, it was stated that the procedure of
selection for direct recruitment and promotion to Categories (a),
Jo
B (b), (c) and (d) of Rule 3(1 ) .. shall be such as may be prescribed
by the High Court. Under Rule 3(1), five categories of service
have been mentioned in the un-amended Rule. When the Rules
came to be amended as published in the Madhya Pradesh
Gazette dated 08.06.2005, Rule 3(1) came to be amended "(
wherein, the category of District Judges was restricted to only !
c
three categories, namely, (a) District Judges (Entry level), (b)
District Judges (Selection Grade) and (c) District Judges
(Super time scale), as against four categories as it originally' ..
stood under the un-amended Rule 3(1). Therefore, in
consonance with the amended Rule 3 (1), Rule 7 also came to
D
be amended. The last para of Rule 7 also came to be amended, )I(
which though has been extracted earlier can be notec:J again. It
I
reads as under:

"The procedure for selection for direct recruitment and
E promotion shall be such, as may be specified by the High
Court from time to time."

' ;21. Keeping the above provision, namely, the last
paragraph of Rule 7 in mind, when we examine para 9 of the
F advertisement dated 21.08.2006, the relevant paragraphs to be
noted are para 9 {i), (iv) and (vi). Para °9(i) empowers the Hi!:Jh
Court to shortlist the candidates at the preliminary stage, i.e.,
before the holding of the written 7xamination. Para 9 (iv)
empowers the High Court to decide as to such of those
candidates who can be called for interview based on the "T""
G
evaluation of their performance in the written examination and
para 9 (vi) provides as to how the ultimate selection of the
candidates on the basis of aggregate marks obtained by them
both in the written examination and interview are to be made.

H 22. Keeping the above Rule position, as well the
MAHJNDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 909
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULlA, J.]
l.
_.....,,, 1 prescription contained in the advertisement relating to power A
of the High Court as provided therein in mind, when we
examine the contention raised by Shri Marlapalle, learned
.. senidf couns~I for the petitioners, the sum and substance of
1
· the submission was that under the Rules, there was no provision
for adopting the procedure of'·normalization of the marks
•' secured by the candidates in the written examination and that,
B

therefore, the said procedure adopted by the High Court cannot
be sustained.
't 23. It was also contended that while making the final
c
selection and appointment of the 3rd respondent, the
I prescription of 500/o cut-off marks in the aggregate marks was
again· not prescribed either in the Rule nor in the advertisement
and thus, such a prescription evolved by the High Court on its
own was without any authority and, therefore, the ultimate
~ \. selection and appointment of the 3rd respondent cannot be D
~ sustained. It was, therefore, contended that on the whole, the
.selection. is liable to be set aside. To support his stand, Shri
Marlapalle learned senior counsel, referred to the Shetty
Commission Report, which was accepted by this Court where
the benchmark .of 120 out of 200 marks, i.e. 60%, was fixed, E
which in turn stated that the said prescription should be
followed; unless or otherwise the High Court Rules provide for
a different.benchmark and the prescription of a benchmark for
~ viva voce.
F
24. The stand of the· High Court as submitted by Shri
Shrivastava, learned senior counsel for the respondent High
Court, was that by virtue of the enormous powers provided in
Rule 7 of the 1994 Rules as amended in 2005, read along with
·para 9 (iv) and (vi), the High Co.urt was well justified in
"r"' G
formulating the procedure in making the selection .

.25. In the case on hanq, since Rule 7 specifically states
that the procedure of selection for direct recruitment and
promotion shall be~such as maybe specified by the High Court
from time to time,· it will appropriate to examine as to what H
•.

910 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

L
A extent the said Rule can be interpreted, in order to state whether ~
the procedure evolved by the High Court in the case on hand,
can be said to be in consonance with the said power contained
in Rule 7.

26. As contended by the learned senior counsel for the I
B
High Court, Rule 7 specifically deals with the direct recruitment
of District Judges as provided for in Rule 3(1) of the amended
Rules. Therefore, in the absence of any challenge to the said
Rule 7 as prescribed or any serious infirmity pointed out in the
said Rule, going by the Rule as it stands, it can be stated that
1
c ~
the High Court has been vested with the required power to
~·
evolve its own procedure of selection for direct recruitment and
promotion in respect of Entry Level District Judges and that the
High Court can specify such procedure from time to time. In this
respect, we find force in the submission of Shri Shrivastava,
D learned senior counsel for the High Court when he stated that
..
K
the said Rule 7 fully empowered the High Court to evolve its
own procedure.

27. It cannot be said that the said Rule 7 in, anyway conflict
E with whatever that has been recommended in the Shetty
Commission Report. The Shetty Commission Report, while
prescribing a benchmark of 60% marks for the written ~

examination, without any prescription of minimum marks in the
viva voce, itself mentions that such recommendation was -1'
F subject to prescription of any Rule, which operates in the
respective High Courts. Therefore, so long as Rule 7 operates
in the field and the said Rule does not conflict with any other .
constitutional or statutory pr.ovision or any other Rule or
regulation governing the subject, the said Rule empowering the
High Court to formulate its own procedure and specify such '"?"'
G procedure from time to time, in our considered opinion, is valid
and also justified. Such a provision does empower the High
Court to formulate a procedure for the purpose of selection of ~

direct recruitment to the post of Entry Level District Judges.

H 28. In this context, it will be appropriate to make reference
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. 911
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

~ to Articles 233-236, of Chapter VI of the Constitution, which A
exclusively deals with the appointment of District Judges,
recruitment of persons other than District Judges to the judicial
seNice, the control of the High Court over subordinate courts
and other incidental matters connected with subordinate courts
and the judges who man those courts. For our present purpose 8
we only need to note Articles 233, 234, 235 and 236 falling
under Chapter VI which are as under:

r· Chapter VI

~
Subordinate Courts c
233. Appointment of district judge~(1) Appointments
of persons to be, and the posting and promotion of, district
judges in any State shall be made by the Governor of the
State in consultation with the High Court exercising D
~ jurisdiction in relation to such State.
·t
(2) A person not already in the seNice of the Union or of
the State shall only be eligible to be appointed a district
judge if he has been for not less than seven years an
advocate or a· pleader and is recommended by th_e High E
Court for appointment.

234. Recruitment of persons other than district
judges to the judicial service - Appointments of persons
other than district judges to the judicial seNice of a State F
shall be made by the Governor of the State in accordance
with rules made by him in that behalf after consultation with
the State Public SeNice Commission and with the High
Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to such State.
T 235. Control over subordinate courts ·The control over G
district courts and courts subordinate thereto including the
posting· and promotion of, and the grant of leave to,
persons belonging to the judidal seNice of a State and
holding any post inf~rior to the post of district judge shall
H
912 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A be vested in the High Court, but nothing in this article shall
be construed as taking away from any such person any
right of appeal which he may have under the law regulating
the conditions of his servic;:e or as authorising the High
Court to deal with him otherwise than in accordance with
B the conditions of his service prescribed under such law.

236. Interpretation - In this Chapter -

(a) the expression "district judge" includes judge ·of a city '{
civil court, additional district judge, joint district judge,
c assistant district judge, chief judge of a small cause court,
chief presidency magistrate, additional chief presidency
magistrate, sessions judge, additional sessions judge. and
assistant sessions judge;

D (b) the expression "judicial service" means a service
consisting exclusively of persons intended to fill the post x
of district judge and other civil judicial posts inferior to the I
post of district judge.

~9 .. Article 233( 1) specifically states that the appointment
E of persons to be made, as well as the posting and promotion
of District Judges in any state, can be made by the Governor
of the state in co11sultation with the High Court exercising
jurisdiction in relation to such a state. In other words, while the
Governor of the respective state is the appointirrg.authority of -f
F the District Judges, the selection for such appoin.tments, as well
as the subsequent aspects, namely, postings, promotions, etc.
of the District Judges, are to be determined by the High ~ourt
in respect of the concerned state.

G
30. When such being the constitutional mandate, which ,...,
,.. empowers the respective High Court to deal with the selection
of District Judges, within its jurisdiction and the ultimate
appointment to be made by the concerne.d Governor of such a
State, a reading of Article 233(1) of the Constitution along with
Rule 7 of the 1994 Rules, as amended in the year 2005, it will
H
MAHINDER KUMAij v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 913
. [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

--< have to be held· that the 1st respondent High Court is invested A
with every power and authority to evolve an appropriate
procedure in the matter bf selection for direct recruitment and
promotion of Entry Level District Judges and that depending
upon the exigencies, such procedures can also be specified
by th"e 1st respondent High Court from time to time. Therefore, B
we have no difficulty in holding that the 1st respondent High
Court was fully empowered under Rule 7 to prescribe the
~· required procedure for selection of Entry Level District Judges
by way o( direct recruitment and specify such procedure from
time to time according to the exigencies prevailing. c
31. In this background of the Rule prevailing, when we
examine the prescription contained in para 9(iv) of the
advertisement dated 21.08.2006, We must state that such
: prescription contained therein, empowering the High Court to
?( · decide which of the candidates can be called for the interview D
based on the evaluation of their performance in the writtl:ln
examination, should also be held to be in consonance with Rule
7 and Article 233(1) of the Consti.tution.
. ::~~t:·

32. Once we steer clear of the said position, the next E
submission of the learned senior counsel for the petitioner was
that when assuming Rule 7 empowers the High Court to follow

r-- its own procedure, it should have been disclosed in the
advertisement. The contention of1 the learned senior counsel
. was that whatever procedure evolved by the High Court should F
have been disclosed well in advance by the High Court or at
least before the written examination was conducted. When we
consider the said submission, we find that there is a clear
indication in para 9 of the advertisement as to in what manner
...,.. the High Court is going to conduct thei selection process .
G
33. Rule 9(i) makes it clear that the candidates maybe
shortlisted 'at the preliminary stage, i.e., before the written
eixamination is held by the High Court. No one can find fault with
such a prescription, inasmuch as such short listing will have to
be necessarily made in order to ensure that only such of those H
914 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

candidates who satisfy the conditions ·in para 2-8 of the
)--
A
advertisement are duly complied with.

·34. In fact, para 8 makes it clear that non-receipt. of the
forms of application, etc. in time by the candidate will. not be
accepted as an excuse for late submission of application forms.
B
Meaning thereby, that any application for the post to be
submitted before 30.09.2006, should be complete in all
respects furnishing whatever details which were required to be
furnished and also satisfy the various conditions such as, age 1
restriction, years of practice, character certificate, citizenship
c etc. If such conditions are not fulfilled, by exercise of such
~

power contained under Rule 9(i), the High Court would be fully
entitled to· exclude the consideration of such candidates for
participating in the written examinations.

D 35. In para 9(iii}, it has been sufficiently indicated that each )t:
paper of the written examination will be for a duration of 3 hours,
with a maximum of 100 marks to be scored. The object in
holding the written examination in botll the 1st and 2nd papers,
have also been specifically highlighted in para 9(iii).
E
36. Once the written examination part is fulfilled, the High
Court has to formulate a procedure by which the answer papers
are to be evaluated in order to ascertain the marks scored by
the respective candidates. Therefore, in para 9(iv) it has been -t
specified that before calling any of the cafldidates for interview
F who appeared for the written examination, an evaluation will
have to be made and based on the evaluation and
performance, the High Court will decide as to who should be
called for the interview.
....,..
G 37. The expression 'evaluation' would, therefore, take into
its fold the minimum marks to be scored, the manner in which .
the evaluation is to be made and in the event of any
requirement, to equalize the merits of the candidate in the .
written examination and follow any appropriate procedure in ·
H consonance with law, in order to ultimately arrive at a fair 1 )
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 915
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]
"-( process by which the candidate can be called for interview, A
based on the evaluation of the marks in the written examination.

38. In a situation like this, where nearly 3000 candidates
appeared for the written examination and the answer papers
were evaluated by several District Judges, it cannot be held B
that there was every scope for variation in the assessment of
the answers and the award of marks valued by different valuers.
The High Court in exercise of its authority under Rule 7, read
"r··· along with para 9(iv) adopted a fair procedure to normalize the
marks of the candidates in order to asses their respective
merits. Therefore, the expression evaluation used in para 9(iv),
c
should be held to fully empower the High Court.to even resort
to such a step in a case like this, where more number of District
Judges evaluated the answer sheets and thereby, it required
the intervention of the High Court in its administrative side, to
find a fair method by which the normalization of the marks could D
)ii:
be worked out.

39. We are, therefore, in full agreement with the learned
senior counsel for the High Court when he submitted that para
9(iv), read along with Rule 7, fully empowered the High Court E
to prescribe a procedure from the stage of evaluating the
answer sheets of the candidates, initially by different District
Judges and after noticing different standard adopted by
different District Judges in the matter of valuation of answer
sheets of the candidates, for adopting the normalization F
process in order to streamline· the whole selection in a fair
manner. Therefore, the submission of Shri. Marlapalle that every
minute detail of the procedure,-which the High Court followed
in evaluating the answer sheets of the candidates, were not
~
disclosed to them in the advertisement and on that the whole
'7' G
selection stood vitiated, cannot be accepted.

40. We have, therefore, no hesitation in holding that by
virtue of Rule 7 and para 9(i), (iii), (iv) and (vi), there was enough
prescription empowering the High Court to follow its own
procedure in evaluating the answer sheets initially by the District H
916 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A Judges and subsequently by common evaluators, before
holding the interview. We, therefore, reject the said submission
made on behalf of the petitioners in attacking the procedure
followed by the High Court in the matter of holding the selection
pursuant to the advertisement dated 21.08.2006.
B
41. Having thus arrived at a conclusion that the High Court
was empowered to formulate its own procedure, we proceed
to find out whether the procedure evolved by the High Court can
be held to be in any manner vitiated or not in consonance with
C any constitu.tional or statutory provisions or any of the principles
as laid down by this Court cited before us.

-'· /42. In this context it is necessary to consider the judgment
impugned in Civil Appeal No. 7790 and 7791 of 2011. Two of
the candidates who competed in the selection and who were
D not among the 15 candidates selected for interview, challenged
the selection before the High Court, which was considered by
the Division Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court and by
the impugned judgments, the contention raised on behalf of the
appellants came to be rejected.
E
43. We are concerned with one of the contentions raised
therein, namely, that in para 9 (iv) of the advertisement, it is
prescribed that only such candidates will be called for interview
as the High Court will decide on the basis of evaluation of their ·
F performance in the written examination, while in 9(vi) it is stated
that the candidates will be selected on the basis of the
aggregate marks in the written examination and the interview.

44. The contention raised on behalf of the appellant before
the Division Bench was that sub-clauses (iv) and. (vi) of para 9
G of the advertisement, have to be harmoniously construed and
such harmonious construction would lead to the conclusion that
all candidates whose answer sheets were evaluated, will have
to be allowed to participate in the interview and that based on
the aggregate marks scored by them in the written examination
H and the interview, the ultimate selection should have been made.
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 917
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

~ The Division Bench, while considering the said submission of A
the learned senior counsel, held as under in para 6.

"Mr. Nagrath submitted that both sub-clauses (iv) and (vi)
of Clause 9 of the advertisement have to be harmoniously
constructed. We agree with the learned counsel for the B
petitioner that sub-clauses (Iv) & (vi) of Clause 9 have to
be harmoniously constructed. Harmonious construction
would mean such a construction as will ensure that both
)-- the sub-clauses (iv) and (vi) of Clause 9 are given effect
to. If we construe subcclause (vi) of clause 9 to mean that
. the number of candidates to be called for interview shall
c
be twice the number of. vacancies irrespective of their
performance in the written examination as suggested by
the learned counsel for the petitioner then sub-clause (iv)
of Clause 9 which provides that only such candidates will
~'- be called for interview as the High Court may decide on D
the basis of valuation of their performance in the written
examination, will be rendered nugatory. On the other hand,
if we construe sub-clause (vi) of Clause 9 of the
Advertisement to mean that aggregate marks in the written
and interview obtained by only those candidates who are E
called for interview on the basis of their performance in the
written examination are to be taken into consideration for
)- the selection of the candidates then both the sub-clauses
(iv) and (vi) of Clause 9 are given effect to. A harmonious
construction of sub-clauses (iv} and {vi} of Clause 9 of the F
advertisement would thus mean that only candidates who
secure the gualifving marks on the valuation of the written
examination, are called for interview and the marks of such
candidates called for interview are aggregated to find out
'1" - their position in the merit list for the purpose of selection." G

(Emphasis Added)

45. Having regard to our conclusions stated above, we find
that the conclusion of the Division Bench is also well justified.
One another contention, which was raised before the Division H
918 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A Bench was that one of the appellants, namely, the appellant in r~
Civil Appeal No. 7790 of 2011 belonged to OBC category and
that when 3 post were reserved for OBC category, as
mentioned in the advertisement, the appellant ought to have
been selected in that category. The said contention was also
B rejected by the Division Bench rightly by holding that the
expression suitable candidates mentioned in the advertisement
would mean candidates who qualify in the written examination
for interview, in terms of sub-para (iv) of para 9 of the
advertisement and since the appellant did not even come within ; t
c the zone of candidates who were called for interview, on the
basis of valuation of his performance in the written examination,
he was rightly found not suitable for the post reserved for OBC
category. As we fully concur with the above conclusions of the
Division Bench on the points raised before it, we do not find
D any merit in any of the contentions raised by the appellants in
the above two Civil Appeals. )<

46. Having thus found and held that by virtue of Rule 7 and
para 9 of the advertisement dated 21.08.2006, the High Court
was fully empowered to evolve its own procedure for making
E selection for appointment to the post of Entry Level Judges, for
which the advertisement was made in the year 2006, we now
proceed to find out whether the procedure evolved by the High
Court can in anyway be held to be vitiated and whether on that __...
score the selection can be interfered with, while also
F determining whether the ultimate selection and appointment of
the 3rd respondent by the High Court can be held to be valid
in law.

47. While dealing with the said aspect of the challenge, ·
we have to note the steps taken by the High Court after the
G advertisement was issued and after the exam was conducted
on 17.12.2006. From the counter affidavit filed by the 1st
respondent High Court, we ~nd that the High Court constituted
a Selection Committee, consisting of 6 Judges of the High
Court, with whom the process of direct recruitment to the post
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. 919
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

:--( of Addi. District Judges, through competitive examination was A
entrusted. The said Selection Committee held its meeting on
22.03.2007. In the said meeting, the Committee passed the
necessary resolutions, which we have extracted in the initial part
of our judgment.
B
48. Subsequently, an Interview Committee of Seven Senior
Judges interviewed the short listed 15 candidates on the 6th
and 7th April, 2007. Thereafter, the Selection Comrnittee again
met on 18.04.2007 and finalized the selection in which, it
resolved to recommend the 3rd respondent for appointment to C
the post of District Judge in Higher Judicial Service by direct
recruitment. Based on the resolution of the Selection
Committee, the Registrar General forwarded the
recommendation of the High Court to the Government of
Madhya Pradesh for issuance of the necessary appointment
order in favour of the 3rd respondent. D

49. When we perused the initial resolution passed by the
Selection Committee dated 22.03.2007, we find that as per the
1st resolution, the Selection Committee decided that based on
the evaluation made by the District Judges, a minimum of 35 E
% of marks in respect of SC/ST candidates and 40% of marks
in respect of general candidates was required, in the I and II
paper, to qualify for viva voce. Going by the said resolution, it
is seen that the evaiuation made by the District Judges was to
be kept as the basis for ascertaining the marks secured by the F
candidates, both in the reserved category, as well as in the
general category in order to become eligible for attending the
interview.

50. As per the 2nd resolution of the Selection Committee,
for the purpose of determining the merit of the candidates finally, G
it felt necessary to evaluate the papers of those candidates who
were short listed for the purpose of interview by way of a
common evaluation in which process the marks secured by the
candidates in the written examination in the I as well as the II
H
920 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

-....,.-_·
A paper, would be normalized. The apparent purpose was, as
stated by the 1st respondent in the counter affidavit that the
valuation, which was carried out by the District Judges, were
more in number and therefore, there was different yardsticks
applied by those District Judge evaluators. It was, therefore,
B decided to make a further evaluation for the purpose of
normalization in order to proceed with the final step of applying
para 9 (vi) of the advertisement, to find out the aggregate of
the marks secured by the candidates who were interviewed,
in order to finalize the selection. It has been stated so by the
c High Court in para 10 of the counter affidavit. The relevant part
of the said para 10 reads as under:

"10. That after the valuation carried out by the District
Judges, a decision was taken by the Selection Committee
on 22.3.2007 that a general candidate securing 40%
D marks and above in any of the two papers and the SC/ST x
candidates securing 35% marks and above in any of the
two papers, shall be further evaluated for the purpose of
normalization and after normalization is done, the marks
awarded by the common evaluators and the marks
E secured in the viva voce would be add.ed for the purpose
of determination of merit position."

51. While noting the purpose for normalization, as per the
second resolution of the Selection Committee passed on
F 22.03.2007, the above referred to stand of the first respondent
can be noted. We have to, however, state that in the said
statement, what has been stated about the first resolution,
namely, the determination of the marks, 35% for reserved
category, 40 % for general category, has not been correctly
"(
stated on behalf of the High Court. We have to clarify the said
G
position in order to efface any misunderstanding about the
procedure followed by the Selection Committee. In other words,
since the selection process was entrusted with a Selection
Committee and the said process was carried out by the
Selection Committee by passing an appropriate resolution ancf
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 921
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

:-y based on such resolution, the required statements were also A
prepared at the behest of the Selection Committee, we are of
the view that it will be appropriate to state what exactly was the
procedure actually followed by the High Court. Based on the
materials placed before us, certain inconsistencies, which are
found in the counter affidavit filed on behalf of the High Court B
as compared to the Annexures filed have to be stated.
Therefore, in the above extracted part of the counter affidavit
as found in para 10, as compared to the res.elution of the
'y- Selection Committee, we find that as per the Selection
Committee's resolution, the candidates who had secured 35% c
in the reserved category and 40 % in general category in each
of the paper I and II, based on the evaluation made by the
District Judge, was determined as the criteria to qualify for viva
voce. To put it more precisely, a candidate in order to become
eligible to participate in the viva voce should have secured,
D
")i.. insofar reserved candidates is concerned, 35% marks and
insofar as general category candidate is concerned 40%
marks separately in the I paper and in the II paper and not in
any one of the papers as sought to be explained in the opening
sentence of the counter affidavit.
E
52 .. The said position can also be further ascertained by
making reference to the certified true copy of the tabulation
sheets issued by the Registrar General of the High Court, which
has been filed as Annexure P-6. The said tabulation sheet
makes it clear that it consists of names of candidates who were F
selected for personal interview to be h~d on the 6th and 7th of
April, 2007, based on the marks.awarded by the District
Judges. The names of the petitioners and respondent Nos. 3
to 8, are mentioned in the said annexure P-6 and we also find
,,.. c
that each one of those 15· candidates who ultimately G
participated in the interview, had secured more than 40%
marks in paper I, as well as in paper II. Therefore, reading
annexure. P-6 along with the first resolution of the Selection
Committee dated 22.03.2007, it can be safely concluded that
the basis for ascertaining the candidates who were eligible to H
922 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

be interviewed, was based on the minimum marks of 35% in -,..
the reserved category and 40% in the general category,
secured by the respective candidates in the evaluation made
by the District Judges. In other words, the normalized marks
were not the basis for determining their eligibility to participate
in the viva voce. We specifically say so inasmuch as we find
under Annexure P-7, which was also certified as a true co~y,
the Registrar General disclosed the names of the very same
15 candidates, namely, the petitioners and respondent Nos. 3
to 8, whose normalized marks were awarded by the common
evaluator of the candidates and who were interviewed by the
Selection Committee on the 6th and 7th of April, 2007, were
shown in that list and the normalized marks by the common
evaluators were also disclosed in the said list. A perusal of the
marks secured by the very same 15 candidates in paper I ancf
paper II disclose that except in respect of four candidates, the
remaining candidates did not secure 40 % marks in both the X
papers. Therefore, reference to Annexure P-6 and P-7, read
along with first resolution dated 22.03.2007, make the position
abundantly clear that the marks awarded by the District Judge
in their evaluation, were taken as the basis to ascertain the
marks of the 15 Candidates, who .secured the requi~ed
minimum marks set by the Selection Committee, which made
them eligible to participate in the viva voce.

53. We have also noted one other stand made on behalf ~
of the High Court in paragraph 11 (a) and (b) and paragraph
12 of the counter affidavit. In para 11 (a) it has been stated that
after the evaluation of the answer books by the District Judges,
the answer books of those candidates who had secured 40%
marks and above in a!:Jy paper, were sorted out for common
evaluation for normalization and that the number was 103. The ..._.,,.
said 103 papers were stated to have been sent to two ·
evaluators. The first pape_r to one former Chief Justice of Punjab
and Haryana High Court and the second paper was sent to
another Retd. Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, for
such common evaluation for the purpose of rationalization and
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 923
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

:-( normalization. Since the said statement with particular A
reference to the number of candidates has been mentioned,
no doubt can be entertained with reference to the said
statement. However, having regard to our conclusion, stated in
the earlier paragraph, based on the resolution of the Selection
Committee dated 24.02.2007 and the Annexure P-6 and P-7, B
the certified true copies disclosing the marks secured by the
15 shortlisted candidates. It will have to be held that in the
ultimate process, only those 15 candidates, namely, the
r ·petitioners and respondents 3 to 8, alone became eligible to
participate in the viva voce. Any discrepancy in the said c
statement contained in para 11 (a) and 11 (b) as well as para
12 of the counter affidavit, therefore, need not deter us from
proceeding further for finding out the ultimate selection made
by the Selection Committee, which was also approved by the
Full .Court in its resolution dated 22.04.2007. Our above D
...,.. conclusion is also fortified by the final communication forwarded
by the Registrar General to the State Government dated
24.04.2007. In the second paragraph it has been specifically
stated as under;

"as per the norms set out by the High Court candidates of E
general category were required to secure 40% marks in
each 12a12er of the written examinatio"n and other
candidates related to OBC, SC and ST were required to
~ secure 35 % in each 12a12er of the written examination. On
the basis of aforesaid norm only 14 candidates of general F
category and 1 candidate of OBC category have secured
40% and 35% marks respectively in each paper of the
written examination, therefore, they were found eligible to
be called for the interview."
''r'. G
(Underlining is ours)

54. The above statement found in the final communication
addressed by the Registrar General to the State Government
for the purpose of issuing· necessary appointment order in
favour of the 3rd respondent, also makes the position clear that H
924 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A the methodology followed by the High Court based on the ')-:
resolution of the Selection Committee dated 24.04.2007, was
that the 40% marks secured by general category. candidates
and 35 % marks secured by reserved category candidate~ in
each of the papers evaluated by the District Judges was the
B basis to finalize the names of 15 candidates for the purpose
of interviewing them on the 6th and 7th of April, 2007, by the
Selection Committee and not based on the. normalization of
marks. Once again, at the risk of repetition, we want to thus,
make the above position clear in order todisp~I any confusion f
C regarding the final list of 15 candidates who were shortlisted
for attending their viva voce on the 6th and 7th of April, 2007,
based on the resolution of the Selection Committee dated
22.03.2007.

55. Once we steer clear of the abovesaid position by which
D the petitioners and respondents 3 to 8 were ultimately.
interviewed by the Selection Committee of Judges on the 6th
and 7th of April, 2007, we have to now find out as ta the
subsequent stages of the process Qf selection made by the
High Court, which ultimately resulted in selection and
E appointment of the third respondent. While the 15 candidates
· were interviewed by the interviewing committee on the 6tl'I and
·7th of April, 2007, each of the member of the interviewing·
committee, who were seven in number, awarded independent
marks, while holding the interview for the 15 candidates. The --(
F marks obtained by the candidates in the interview, as noted by
each of the Member of the Interview Committee was noted in
Annexure R4, filed along with the counter affidavit Annexure P-
8 is the certified true copy of the tabulation sheet of candidates,
who were interviewed on the 6th and 7th of April, 2007, issued
G by the Registrar General of the High Court, which disclose the ·-..,
interview marks, namely, the average marks secured by each
of the 15 candidates. Thereafter, the Selection Committee met
on 18th April, 2007. Annexure P-9 contains the total marks of
the candidates who were interviewed on the 6th and 7th of April,
H. 2007, i.e., the total marks obtained in the written examinations
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 925
[FAl<KIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]
'
--< and the viva voce and based on the said aggregate marks A :.,
"11
secured by the 15 candidates, the percentage of such marks

..
was also arrived at and noted. As per Annexure P-9 while the
third respondent had secured 55.46 %, the 15th candidate had
secured 23.24 %. The first four candidates in the said list alone
had secured more than 40% in the aggregate. The sixth B

,.
candidate who belonged to OBC category had secured 36.19
% of the aggregate marks.

56. The Selection Committee, which met on 18.04.2007
in its resolution, ultimately decided to recommend the third
respondent alone for being appointed as officiating District
c

-
""\'. -,-,
Judge in Higher Judicial Service, on the basis of the marks
secured by him which was 55.46% in the aggregate and it .
further resolved that the remaining 14 candidates who were
called for interview and who had secured less marks than the
third respondent, were found not suitable for appointment. The D
said resolution was filed. as Ann·exure R-5, along with the
counter affidavit of the first respondent High Court. IT\ fact, in
Annexure R-6 to ~he counter affidavit, which is again a
" statement containing the total marks of the 15 candidates who
were interviewed on the 6th and 7th ofApril, 2007, contained E
a note. The note reads as under:
f
"Shri Axay Kumar Dwivedi (Roll No.1030) who obtained
>-- more than 50 % marks as indicated above is found
suitable to be recommended for appointment as District F
Judge on probation under Rule 5(1)(c) of M.P. Higher
Judicial Service (Recruitment & Conditions of Service)
Rules, 1994 after due police verification."
~

. 57. A reading of the said note gives an impression as
~
though 50 percentage of aggregate marks was set as G
benchmark for a candidate to get selected for the post of entry
level District Judge. Mr. Shrivastava, learned senior counsel
appearing for the High Court, clarified that the said note made
by the Registrar General, was not really a statement issued with
the authority of the High Court. The .learned senior counsel H
926 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.
/

--..,..-
A submitted that neither the resolution of the Selection Committee
dated 18.04.2007, nor any of the earlier resolutions of the
Selection Committee, ever decided that 50% of aggregate t-

marks should be the laid down as a benchmark for the selection
and appointment to the entry level of District Judges. Therefore,
B according to the learned senior counsel, the said statement
found in Annexure R-6, cannot be taken to have laid down any·
authentic criteria by the High Court, in order to find fault with
the ultimate selection finalized by the first respondent High
Court. We find considerable force in the submission of the
1f
c learned senior counsel appearing for the High Court. As rightly
pointed out by the learned senior counsel, any such criteria of
fixing 50% of aggregate marks as the benchmark for making
)---
the selection, was neither resolved in any of the resolutions of
the Selection Committee or any other procee~ings of the High
Court, nor was there anything stated in so many words in the r
D ~
counter affidavit of the first respondent High Court. Therefore,
J. ......
based on the said note appended to Annexure R-6, there is
no scope to find fault with the ultimate selection and
appointment made by the first respondent High Court.

E 58. In the light of our above conclusion, the only other
question that remains to be considered is as to whether the
~
selection and appointment of the third respondent, as
recommended by the Selection Committee in its resolution ~
dated 18.04.2007, which was approved by the Full Court in its
F meeting, held on 22.04.2007, calls for interference on the
footing that such a selection made.by the High Court does not
satisfy the legal requirement.
·,
59. When we consider the said question, it will have to be
borne in mind that in the various decisions placed before us,
--.,..-
G
by both the parties, the common principle stated is that in the '"
matter of selection to a post in the higher judiciary MERIT
>-
should be the fundamental criteria. No one can dispute with the
said proposition. Therefore, what is to be ultimately examined
is as to whether the process adopted by the High Court in the
H rrHiter of selection of entry level District Judges, pursuant to the
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 927
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

advertisement dated 21.08.2006, which led to the ultimate A
selection and appointment of the third respondent, while holding
the rest of the 14 candidates as not found suitable for
appointment, can be found fault with. It is relevant to mention
that none· of the aggrieved candidates have made any
allegation of mala fides or lack of bona fides, as against any B
of the Selection Committee members or for that matter in the
manner in which the intervie;w was held by the inter'1iewing
y committee or with regard to the valuation of marks arrived at
either by the District Judges or in the normalization of marks
ultimately arrived at~by the common evaluators. The only c
submission was that the methodology adopted by the Selection
Committee in resorting to the normalization process was a
departure in the midway of the selection process and therefore,
: on. that score the ultimate selection cannot be approved. As far
. as the said challenge is concerned we have held that having
'7-. D
: regard to the power vested in the High Court under Rule 7, as
well as paragraph 9 of the advertisement, in particular para 9
(iv), the High Court was fully empowered to prescribe its own
fair procedure for the purpose of evaluation of the marks of the
candidates, in order to make the ultimate selection. Therefore,
in the absence of any other attack to the selection process E
made by the High Court by constituting a Selection Committee
and the procedure followed by the said Selection Committee,
which ultimately arrived at the merit list of the 15 shortlisted
candidates for finalizing the selection, it will have to held that
no flaw can be found in the said process adopted by the High F
Court.

60. In this context, reference can be made to Ramesh
-"r- Kumar (supra). In· para 11, while making reference to earlier
decisions of this court, it has been held as under: G
11. In State of UP. v. Rafiquddin, Krushna Chandra Sahu
(Or.) v. State of Orissa, Manjeet Singh v. ES! Corpn. and K.H.
Siraj v. High Court of Kera/a, this Court held that the
Commission/Board has to satisfy itself that a candidate had
H

-~
928 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

y
A obtained such aggregate marks in the written examination as
to qualify for interview and obtained "sufficient marks in viva
voce" which would show his suitability for service. Such a
course is permissible for adjudging the qualities/capacities of
the candidates. It may be necessal}'. in view of the fact that it is
B im12erative that only 12ersons with a 12rescribed minimum of said
gualities/ca12acities should be selected as otherwise the
standard of judicial}'. would get diluted and substandard stuff
may get selected. Interview may also be the best mode of
assessing the suitability of a candidate for a particular position
c as it brings out the overall intellectual qualities of the candidates.
While the written test will testify the candidate's academic
knowledge, the oral examination can bring out or disclose
overall intellectual and personal qualities like alertness,
resourcefulness, dependability, capacity for discussion, ability
to take decisions, qualities of leadership, e.tc. which are also
D
essential for a Judicial Officer.

(Emphasis Added)

61. With that, when we come to the last of the questions,
E namely, whether the ultimate selection of the third respondent
alone leaving out the rest of the 14 candidates as not suitable,
can be held to be justified. In this context, we will have to make
a reference to a fair statement made by Mr. Marlapalle, learned -~
· senior counsel who appeared on behalf of the petitioners that
F he is not for a moment raising any doubt or question the marks
allotted by the interviewing committee members, to the various
candidates based on the their appraisal of the candidates in
the interview. In fact a perusal of the marks awarded by each
of the Seven members of the Interview Committee disclose .,...,
their identity of mind while awarding marks in the interview to
G
each of the candidate interviewed by them. The interview
committee's exercise, while interviewing the 15 candidates on
the 6th and 7th of April, 2007 can thus be held to be above .
board. In the same breath, it will have to held that the Selection
Committee's ultimate decision in their resolution dated
H

~

'
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. 929
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

.~ 18.4.2007, in holding that in their fair assessment, the third A
respondent alone, who secured 55.46% marks in the
aggregate, as the only suitable candidate for holding the post
of entry level District Judge, cannot be assailed. It is by now
well settled that no Court, including this Court can venture to
go behind·the said assessment made by an expert committee B
consisting of high level members of the judiciary of the State
and state that the said decision should be varied by holding ·
that the other candidates whose performance was also
y apprised by the said expert committee, should be held to be
suitable on par with the selected candidate and that they should c
also be selected and appointed. This Court should never make
even an attempt to go behind the ultimate decision of the
Selection Committee in order to set at naught the final decision
arrived at by it, which was approved by the Full Court or vary
its decision by adding some more candidates in the list by
D
laying down a different criteria, by altering or by fixing any
'1
benchmark for being appointed to the higher judiciary of the
State. In the light of our above conclusion, we do not find any
scope to grant any relief to the petitioners in the writ petitions
or in the civil appeal~.
E
62. When we refer to the decisions relied upon by learned
counsel for the respective parties, we find that none of the
decisions relied upon by the learned senior counsel for the
~· petitioners can h.ave any relevance to the selection and
appointment made by the first respondent High Court, inasmuch F
as we have found that based on the Rule prevailing and the
prescription found in the advertisement, the first respondent
High Court scrupulously followed the procedure without giving
room for any deviation. We have also held that there was no
"r- conflict with the Shetty Commission recommendation, which G
had the approval of this Court in' the decision reported in All
India Judges' Association and others (supra). In the light of the
prevailing Rule relating to the selection and appointment to the
post in the Higher Judicial Services of the State of Madhya
Pradesh, Mr. Marlapalle learned senior counsel for the H
930 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A appellant, while referring to the decision rendered by this Court r-'
in K.H. Siraj (supra), ~oughtto distinguish the same by pointing
out that in the advertisement issued by the High Court of Kerala,
extracted in para 4 of the said judgment in sub para 10(3), the
minimum marks to be secured by the candidates in order to
B become eligible for appointment having been stated, the
procedure followed by the High Court was held to be justified.
While appreciating the attempt made by the .learned senior
counsel to distinguish the said judgment with reference to the
present facts of the case, we will have to note that in that very
c judgment, reference has been made to that very Rule, namely,
Kerala Judicial Services Rules, 1991, in particular Rule 7, which
also empowered the High Court by stating that;

" .... the list sha!I be prepared after following such procedure
~s the High Court deems fit and by following the rules .
D relating to reservation of appointments .... "

(Emphasis Added)

63. While applying the ratio of the above said judgment,
.. E we may refer to para 50, where Rule 7 of the Kerala Judicial
Service Rules, 1991, was referred to state as to how the High
Court was justified in relying upon its Rule 7, while evaluating
its own procedure, while making the selection. Paragraph 50
reads as under:

F "50. What the High Court has done by the notification dated
26-3-2001 is to evolve a procedure to choose the best
available talent. It cannot for a moment be stated that
prescription of minimum pass marks for the written
examination or for the oral examination is in any manner
G irrelevant or not having any nexus to the object sought to
be achieved. The merit of a candidate and his suitability
are always assessed with reference to his performance at
the examination and it is a well-accepted norm to adjudge
the merit and suitability of any candidate for any service,
H whether it be the Public Service Commission (IAS, IFS,
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P THR. REG GEN. ·931
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

--,.--- etc.) or any other. Therefore, the powers conferred by Rule
7 fully justified the prescription of the minimum eligibility
A

condition in Rule 10 of the notification dated 26-3-2001.
The ve!Y conce12t of examination envisaged by Rule 7 is
a conce12t justifying 12rescri12tion of a minimum as
benchmark for 12assing the same. In addition, further B
reguirements are necessa!Y for assessment of suitability
of the candidate and that is why 12ower is vested in a high-
12owered body like the High Court to evolve its own
12rocedure as it is the best judge in the matter. It will not
be 12ro12er in any other authority to confine the High Court c
within any limits and it is, therefore, that the evolution of
the 12rocedure has been left to the High Court itself. When
a high-12owered constitutional authoritv is left with such
12ower and it has evolved the 12rocedure which is germane
and best suited to achieve the object,· it. is not 12ro12er to D
scuttle the same as beyond its 12owers. Reference in this
~
connection may be made to the decision of this Court in
Union of India v. Kali Dass Batish wherein an action of
the Chief Justice of India was sought to be questioned
before the High Court and it was held to be improper."
E
(Emphasis Added)

64. The learned senior counsel then relied upon the
~ decision of this Court in Sanjay Singh and another (supra),
wherein a question arose as to "whether 'scaling of marks' F
is contrary to or prohibited by the relevant rules." While
explaining what is 'scaling', this Court has held as under in para
25:

"25 ....... Similarly, when marks are assigned to answer-
..,. scripts in different papers, say by' Examiner 'A' in G
Geometry and Examiner 'B' in History, the meaning or
value of the "marks" is different. Scaling is the process
which brings the marks awarded by Examiner 'A' in regard
to Geometry scale and the marks awarded by Examiner
'B' in regard to History scale, to a common scale. Scaling H
932 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A is the exercise of putting the marks which are the results --,--
of different scales adopted in different subjects by different
examiners onto a common scale so as to permit
comparison of inter se merit. By this exercise, the raw
marks awarded by the examiner in different subjects are
B converted to a "score" on a common scale by applying a
statistical formula ..... "

65. Having thus noted what scaling is, this Court held in
para 44 that scaling system as adopted by the commission, -T
C was unsuited for the Civil Judge (Junior Division Examination).
In fact in para 46 this court after summarizing the position
regarding scaling in the previous para, stated that the
demonstrated anomalies and absurdities arising from the
scaling system used, the commission will have to identify a
suitable system of evaluation and if necessary by appointing a
D committee of experts. It however, made it clear that till any such
new system is in place, the commission may follow the
moderation system set out in the said judgment, with
appropriate modifications. Going by the above dicta of this
court, it will have to be held that the normalization process
E adopted by the High Court in this case where the initia.1
evaluation was made by several evaluators in the rank of District
Judges, by appointing common evaluators in the status of a
Retd. Chief Justice and a Retd. Judge of the High Court, was
a prudent step taken by the 1st respondent High Court and no
F fault could be found with that approach. The decision relied
upon by the senior counsel therefore, does not appeal to us to
interfere, either with the judgment of the Division Bench, or with
the ultimate selection made by the 1st respondent High Court.

G 66. The learned senior counsel then relied upon K. --.,
Manjusree (supra), wherein a question arose as to whether the ·
procedure adopted by the Full Court in prepar.ing a fresh .
selection list by.applying the requirement of minimum marks for
an interview, was legal and valid. It was in that context this court
ultimately held that introduction of minimum marks for interview,
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR REG GEN. 933
[FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

~ would amount to changing the rules of the game, after the game A
was played, which was clearly impermissible. At the very outset
it will have to be pointed out that the facts of that case was
entirely different with what we are concerned. In the present
case, no such minimum marks in the interview, was prescribed
for the purpose of selection. What all was done by the Selection B
Committee based on the power vested in the High Court, under
Rule 7. and what was prescribed in para 9 (iv) of the
advertisement, was a pattern of selection in which the 25 marks
)- allotted for interview was simply applied. No minimum marks
1
to be secured in the interview, was prescribed afresh after the c
selection process commenced and thereby, for anyone to state
that there was any change in the 'rule of the game' in order to
interfere with the selection. We therefore, do not find any scope
to ap.ply the said decision also to the facts of this case.

67. The learned senior counsel then relied upon All India D
Judges' Association and others (supra), in particular para 37
to point out that:

"37. Subject to the various modifications in this judgment,
all other recommendations of the Shetty Commission are E
accepted."

68. The learned senior counsel, while referring to the said
para, relied on para 10.97 of the Shetty Commissions Report,
which is extracted as under:
F
"10.97 The Commission has received innumerable
complaints that the selection by only viva-voce has more
often led to arbitrariness if not whimsical selection, unjust
if not unreasonable. With respect to High Courts, we do
'I' not want to carry any such impre.ssion. But we do feel that G
there is less transparency and objectivity in the selection
·process. We would, therefore, like to recommend the
following procedure to reduce degrees of subjectivity and
arbitrariness and to promote more fairness and objectivity:
H
934 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013] 13 S.C.R.

A (i) There shall be written examination followed by viva-voce.

(ii) Written Examination must carry 200 marks on the
subject/subjects prescribed by the High Court. The paper
should be of a duration of minimum two hours.
B (iii) The cut off marks in the Written Examination should
be 60% or corresponding grade for general candidates
and 50% or corresponding grade for SC/ST candidates.
Those who have secured the marks above the cut off
marks shall be called for viva-voce test.
c
(iv) The viva-voce test should be in a thorough and
Scientific Manner and it should be taken anything betWeen!
25 and 30 minutes for each candidate. The viva-voce shall
.
carry 50 marks. There shall be no cut off marks in viva-
D voce test.

(v) The merit list will be prepared on the basis of marks/
grades obtained both in the Written Examination and viva-
voce."

E 69. Sub para (i) - (v) have been set out to show how while
holding a written examination and a viva voce examination,
prescription of marks and other aspects are to be followed. In
fact those sub paragraphs, contained in para 10.97 of the
Shetty Commission Report, can at best be stated to be a
F guideline, which any High Court should keep in mind, while
resorting to selection for filling up the posts in the higher judicial
service. In this context, in para 28, this court while prescribing
the extent to which a direct recruitment to the higher judicial
service for the post of higher judicial service for the District
Judges can be made, also said that appropriate rules should y
G
be framed by the High Courts at the earliest possible time.
Therefore, once the Rules come into place it will have to held
that what all that can be expected of the high Court, would be
to follow the said Rules. We have in this judgment held that by
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 935

virtue of Rule 7 and para 9(iv), the 1st respondent High Court A
---rr
had every authority to prescribe the procedure, while making
the selection to the post of higher judicial service and that such
procedure followed was also rational.

70. The learned senior counsel then relied upon Ramesh B
Kumar (supra). The said decision in fact followed the principle
that the rule of the game cannot be changed after the game
was over as has been held in K. Manjusree (supra). Therefore,

r the said decision does not improve the case of the petitioners.
c
71. Mr. Shrivastava, learned senior counsel appearing for
the High Court, referred to para 27 of the decision reported in
All India Judges' Association and others (supra), wherein this
court has emphasized the necessity for ensuring a high degree
of efficiency in the matter of recruitment to the higher judicial
service .. while holding the competitive examination and viva D
...,... voce examination. There can be no two opinions about the said
principle and for that very reason we have held that the
selection and appointment finalized and made by the 1st
respondent High Court, does not call for interference.
E
72. The learned senior counsel rightly placed reliance upon
K.H. Siraj (supra). In para 50, this court has highlighted as to
how the High Court was justified in evolving its own procedure,
while making a selection to fill up a post in the higher judicial
~
service. Para 50 has alieady been extracted above.
F
73. Applying the principles laid down by this court, we find
that the procedure adopted by the 1st respondent High Court
was well in order and the same does not call for interference.

''y.
74. Having regard to our above conclusions, we do not find G
any merit either in Writ Petitions or in the Civil Appeals and the
same are therefore dismissed.

ALTAMAS KABIR, CJI. 1. Having had the opportunity of
going through the judgment prepared by my learned brother,
H
936 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2013) 13 S.C.R.

A Fakkir Mohamed Ibrahim Kalifulla, J., I fully concur with the
same. I just, however, wish to emphasise the fact that there is
no material on record in support of Ground 'D' taken in the Writ
Petition, wherein it has been mentioned that "To top it all, the
minimum percentage requirement for final selectio_n was
B increased to 50% at the final stage." [Emphasis Supplied].

2. Nowhere in the advertisement inviting applications for
filling up the 20 posts in the Madhya Pradesh Higher Judicial
Service by direct recruitment from the Bar, has it been indicated
as to what would be the minimum percentage of marks, which
C would be required for final selection. The only place where
reference has been made to the said figure is in the Resolution
of the Selection Committee adopted on 23rd March, 2007,
wherein in paragraph tit has been indicated that on the basis
of the evaluation made by District Judges, Scheduled Castes
D and Scheduled Tribes candidates would have to secure 35%
marks and other candidates would have to secure 40% marks
in the first paper and in the second paper in order to quatifyior
the viva-voce. Apart from the above, there is no mention
anywhere in the materials placed before us that 40% m_arks
E was the bench-mark for the purpose of appointment in any of
the vacant posts. It may be mentioned that all candidates who
had obtained more than 40% marks in either of the two papers
were called for the interview and were allotted separate marks
in the interview.
F
3. Thereafter, on the aggregate of .the mark~ obtained by
the candidates, only Shri Axay Kumar Dwivedi, placed at Serial
No.1 of the merit list, was found suitable to be recommended
for appointment as a District Jud9e on probation. However, the
problem was caused by the note written by the Registrar
G General of the High Court indicated at the bottom of the final
Select List, wherein it was mentioned that Shri Axay Kumar
Dwivedi, who had obtained more than 50% marks, was found
suitable to be recommended for appointment. The said note
has given cause for Ground 'D' to the Writ Petition, although,
H
MAHINDER KUMAR v. HIGH COURT OF M.P. THR. REG GEN. 937
[ALTAMAS KABIR, CJI, J.]

there is nothing, even in the note, to suggest that previously A
40% of the total marks had been declared or accepted to be
the bench-mark for appointment. The note is merely a statement
which indicates that the selected candidate, Shri Axay Kumar
Dwivedi, had obtained more than 50% marks. The same does
not either indicate or pre-suppose that the.re was a lower bench- B
mark for the Petitioners to claim in Ground 'D' that the bench-
mark had been increased to 50%.

4. In that view of the matter, the Writ Peti~ions and the Civil
Appeals cannot succeed and have to be dismissed, as has
been indicated by my learned· brother, Fakkir Mohamed C
Ibrahim Kalifulla, J.
Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Matters disposed of.

I .

. '"'(