MISHRA DHATU NIGAM LTD. ETC. ETC.versusM. VENKATAIAH AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

                   MISHRA DHATU NIGAM LTD. ETC. ETC.                                A
                                    v.
                    M. VEN KATAIAH AND ORS. ETC. ETC.

                                AUGUST 13, 2003

             [S.RAJENDRA BABU AND DORAISWAMY RAJU, JJ.]                             B


          Labour Laws:

          Factories Act, 1948 and Rules thereunder/Contract Labour (Regulation
     and Abolition) Act, 1970;                                                      c
           Regularization of services of Canteen Workers as employees of the
     company-Writ of Mandamus filed by workers-Allowed by the High Court-
     On appeal, held, since employer-company, in discharge of its statutory
',
     obligation of maintaining a canteen, employed contract labour, they would be
     the employees of the company even if they are employed by a Contractor         D
     appointed by the Company.

           Respondents-Canteen workers had filed writ petitions for
'
     regularization of their services as employees of the company. The Division
     Bench of the High Court allowed the writ petition. Hence the present
     appeals.                                                                       E
           Dismissing the appeals, the Court

           HELD: 1.1. The appellants indisputably are obliged to run the
     respective canteens in their establishments on account of the obligation
     cast upon them under the mandatory provisions of the Factories Act, and        F
     the Rules made thereunder. (415-F, G)

           1.2. The Constitution Bench in *Steel Authority ofIndia case held that
     where in discharge of a statutory obligation of maintaining a canteen in
     an establishment the principal employer availed the services of a
     contractor, the contract labour would indeed be the employees of the           G

-    principal employer and that such cases do not relate to or depend upon
     abolition of contract labour. (415-D, E)

          *Steel Authority of India Ltd. and Ors. v. National Union Waterfront
     Workers and Ors., (2001) 7 SCC 1, followed.
                                         411                                        H
    412                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A        MMR. khan and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., (1990) Supp. SCC
    191; VST Industries Ltd v. VST Industries Workers' Union and Anr., (2001)
    1 SCC 298 and National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd v. Karri Pothuraju
    and Ors., (20031 7 SCC 384, relied on.

          CIVIL APPEL LA TE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5992 of 1997.
B
         From the Judgment and Order dated 24.1.1997 of the Andhra Pradesh
    High Court in W.P. No. 18722 of 1996.

                                       WITH

C         C.A. Nos. 3159, 5991 and 6532 of 1997.

         N.B. Shetye, G.B. Pai, S.K. Dholakia, A.T.M. Sampath, V. Balaji, Sanjay
    Kapur and Rajiv Kapur for the Appellants.            ·

          Hardev Singh, L. Nageswara Rao, Ms. Madhu Moolchandani, R.
D   Santhanakrishnan, G. Ramakrishna Prasad, K.C. Sudarshan, Jayanth M. Raj,
    P.P. Singh and S. Udaya Kumar Sagar for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          .RAJENDRA BABU, J. Civil Appeal No. 5992 of 1997:
E
          The above appeal has been filed by the 1st respondent in W.P.No.
    18722 of 1996 before the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, which, in turn,
    came to be filed by a group of workers seeking for a Writ of Mandamus
    declaring the action of the appellant in not absorbing them as its regular
    employees and not paying the pay and other benefits on par with the regular
F   employees of the appellant-company is illegal and arbitrary, and to direct the
    appellant-company: (a) to absrob the workers as its regular emplo~1ees; (b) to
    prescribe the appropriate scale of pay and other service conditions for them
    from the date of their initial appointment together with arrears of salary. A
    Division Bench of the High Court by a common order dated 24.1.97 in this
G   and two other writ petitions passed the following order:

           "The above cases, it is stated, are covered by the judgment in writ
           appeal No. 385 of 1996 dated 27 .11.96. Let the petitions accordingly
           be disposed of and directions issued."

          Hence, this appeal.
H
      MISHRADHATUNIGAM LTD. v. M. VENKATAIAH [RAJENDRA BABU, J.]          413

     Civil Appeal No.3159 of 1997:                                                A
      The above appeal has been filed by the !st respondent in W.P. No.
10967 of 1988, who was the appellant in W.A. No. 1493 of 1996 before the
High Court of Andhra Pradesh. In the Writ Petition, the Canteen Employees
Union of B.H.P.V., and worker in the canteen, who was also the General
Secretary of the Union at that time, prayed for an appropriate direction to       B
declare the action of the appellant in not regularizing the services of the
workers in the canteen and paying them wages on par with other permanent
workers of the appellant and withdrawing B.H.P.V. dispensary facilities to
them, is arbitrary, unreasonable and violative of Articles 14 and 21 of the
Constitution of India, and direct the appellant to accord those reliefs. A        C
learned Single Judge allowed the Writ Petition by following an earlier decision
of the same court dated 30.10.95 rendered in W.P.No. 5682 of 1992: VST
Industries Ltd v. VST Industries Workers Union and Anr., [1996) 1 A.L.D.
97. A review filed thereon in W.M.P.No. 19114 of 1996 having also been
rejected on 1.10.1996, W.A. 1493of1996 came to be filed before a Division
Bench. The Division Bench of the High Court, adverted to the earlier decisions    D
of the Division Bench rendered in W.A.Nos. 430 and 385of1996 and in the
light of the principles laid down therein, not only confirmed the view taken
by the learned Single Judge but also held that in the teeth of Rules 65 to 71
of the Andhra Pradesh Factories Rules, 1950, it requires to be affirmed that
the appellant has a statutory duty to provide a canteen for the workmen and       E
consequently dismissed the appeal, resulting in the filing of the above appeal.

      Civil Appeal No.5991 of 1997:

      The above appeal has been filed by the respondents in W.P.No.8015 of
1992 before the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, which, in tum, came to be           F
filed by the respondent canteen workers seeking for a Writ of Mandamus
directing the appellants herein (respondents before. the High Court) to
regularize their services· from the date of appointment with all consequential
benefits. By an order dated 27.11.1996, the Division Bench adverted to the
decision rendered in Writ Appeal No.385 of 1996 and allowed the claims by
passing the following order:                                                      G
        "This writ petition has to succeed vide judgment in writ appeal No.385
        of 1996 delivered by us today as facts are similar to the facts in the
        said case, except that the petitioners are the employees of the
        instrumentality of the Government of India i.e., Bharath Dynamic
                                                                                  H
    414                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A           Limited. The instant petition is ordered on the same tenns as in writ
            appeal No. 385 of 1996."

          Hence, this appeal.

          Civil Appeal No.6532 of 1997;
B          The above appeal has been filed by the respondents No. 1 & 2 in
    W.P.No.8113 of 1993 before the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, which, in
    turn, came to be filed by the canteen workers seeking for a declaration: (a)
    that the appointment of contractor for running the industrial canteen (night
    shift) at H.P.C. Visakhapatnam Refinery as illegal and arbitrary (b) declaring
C   the action of the appellants in not treating the said workers as the employees
    of the H.P.C. Ltd., as illegal and arbitrary and (c) consequently, direct the.
    appellants to treat the canteen workers as the employees of the H.P;C. Ltd.,
    and grant appropriate scales of pay to them on par with the regular employees
    of the Corporation from the date of their respective appointment with all
    consequential benefits. The Division Bench by an order dated 24.1.1997 held
D   as follows:

           "The above cases, it is stated, are covered by the judgment in writ
           appeal No.365 of96 dated 27.11.96. Let the petitions accordingly be
           disposed of and directions issued."

E         Hence, this appeal.

          Heard the learned senior counsel for the appellants and the respondents.
    On behalfofthe appellant in C.A.No. 5991 of 1997, our attention was invited
    to Paras 125 (3) to (6) and 117 in the decision reported in Steel Authority of
    India Ltd and Ors. v. National Union Waterfront Worker and Ors., (2001]
F   7 SCC l] in support of the plea against regularization of the canteen workers.
    For the appellant in C.A. No. 6532 of 1992, our attention was invited to
    certain observations in the decision in Indian Petrochemicals Corpn. Ltd and
    Anr. v. Shramik Sena and Ors., [I 999] 6 SCC 439; Indian Overseas Bank v.
    1.0.B. Staff Canteen Workers Union and Anr., [2000] 4 SCC 245 amt VST
G   Industries Ltd. v. VST Industries Workers Union and Anr., [2000] I SCC 298
    to support the claim against regularisation. The other learned counsel adopted
    the above submissions. On behalf of the respondents, relevant portions of the
    very judgments which are claimed to support the stand of the workers were
    brought to our notice, to contend that no interference is called for in these
    appeals.
H
      MISHRA DHATUNIGAMLTD. v. M. VENKATAIAH [RAJENDRA BABU, J.]            415

      The submissions on behalf of the appellants relying upon certain              A
observations in the Steel Authority of India case (supra) proceed upon an
erroneous assumption that the regularization of canteen workers were being
allowed an(j ordered on the basis of the provisions contained in the Contract
Labour (Reg4lation and Abolition) Act, 1970 [for short "the CLRA Act"].
The series of decisions commencing from M MR. Khan and Ors. v. Union                B
of India and Ors., [1990] Supp. SCC 191 do not lend any sustenance or
credit to such a claim and, therefore, we are not persuaded to countenance the
same. The relevant observations made in Paragraphs 106 and l 07 by the
Constitution Bench in Steel Authority of India case (supra), after specifically
noticing the decision reported in VST Industries case (supra), also go against
any such claims.                                                                    C
      Further, the decision of the Division Bench of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court dated 27.11.96 in W.A No. 430 of 1996 was the subject matter
of appeal in the decision reported in VST Industries ltd. case (supra), which,
as pointed out supra, was noticed by the Constitution Bench which rendered
the decision in Steel Authority of India Ltd. case (supra) and considered su~h      D
line of cases not only to stand on a different footing than the one which was
the subject matter before the Constitution Bench, but also observed that where
in discharge of a statutory obligation of maintaining a canteen in an
establishment the principle employer availed the services of a contractor, the
Courts have held that the contract labour would indeed be the employees of
the principal employer and that such cases do not relate to or depend upon          E
abolition of contract labour. So far as the decision dated 27.11.1996 of the
same Division Bench rendered in Writ Appeal No. 385of1996 is concerned,
the appeal filed against the same in C.A. No. 5990 of 97 [National Thermal
Power Corporation Ltd. v. Karri Pothuraju and Ors.] was considered
separately and by our judgment separately delivered today has been affirmed         F
and the appeal by the Management has been dismissed. This decision also
would squarely govern all these cases in favour of the workers. Consequently,
we see no merit whatsoever.in the submissions made to the contra by way
of challenge in all these appeals, wherein the appellants concerned, indisputably
are obliged to run the respective canteens in their establishment on account
of the obligation cast upon them under the mandatory provisions of the              G
Factories Act, 1948, and the Rules made thereunder.

      For all the reasons stated above, these appeals fail and shall stand
dismissed. No. costs

S.K.S.                                                      Appeals dismissed.      H