Holding

Transfer orders, being an exigency of service, are not liable to judicial interference unless shown to be arbitrary, mala fide, or violative of service rules; therefore the High Court was correct in dismissing the petition.

Summary

The petitioner, an Executive Officer of Nagar Palika Parishad Muzaffarnagar, was transferred by the State Government to Mawana, District Meerut, and challenged the order alleging it was made at the behest of an MLA. The Allahabad High Court dismissed his writ petition, holding that the transfer was an exigency of service and not subject to judicial interference. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether a transfer order, even if influenced by a legislator, could be set aside under Article 226 of the Constitution. Relying on established precedents, the Court reiterated that transfers are administrative decisions and may be reviewed only if they are arbitrary, mala fide, or contravene service rules. The Court found no infirmity in the order and concluded that the MLA's recommendation, by itself, does not vitiate a transfer. Consequently, the appeal was dismissed, upholding the High Court's decision.

Issues considered

Whether a transfer order of a public servant made on the recommendation of a legislator is amenable to judicial review under Article 226.
Whether the High Court erred in dismissing the writ petition challenging the transfer.
Whether the transfer order is vitiated by mala fide or arbitrary considerations.

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 226

Subjects

service lawtransfer of public servantadministrative decisionjudicial reviewArticle 226mala fidearbitrary transferlegislative interference

Judgment

A MOHD. MASOOD AHMAD \
v.
STATE OF U.P. & ORS.

SEPTEMBER 18, 2007
B [C.K. THAKKERAND MARKANDEYKATJU,JJ.)

Service Law: -4--

Transfer-Transfer ofpublic servant.from one place to another-
c Allegation that transfer order at the instance of MLA-lnterference
with-Held: Transfer is an exigency ofservice and is an administrative
decision-Public servant was on transferable post--Transfer order at
the instance of MLA by itself would not vitiate the transfer order-It
depends on the facts of the case-Thus, High Court rightly did not
D interfere with the transfer order-Constitution ofIndia, 1950-Article
226. ,__
The question which arose for consideration in this appeal was
whether the High Court _!:ightly dismissed the Writ Petition filed by
E appellant-Executive Officer, Nagar Palika Parishad challenging his
transfer order from Muzaffarnagar to Mawana, District Meerut.
Dismissing the appeal, the Court
HELD: 1.1. Since the petitioner was on a transferable post,
the High Court has rightly dismissed the writ petition since transfer
F is an exigency of service and is an administrative decision.
Interference by the Courts with transfer orders should only be in
very rare cases. [Para 4] [74-A-B]
B. Varadha Rao v. State ofKarnataka, AIR (1986) SC 1955, Shi/pi
Bose v. State of Bihar, AIR (1991) SC 532, Union of India v. NP.
G
Thomas, AIR (1993) SC 1605 and Union oflndiav. S.L. Abbas, AIR >
(1993) SC 2444, relied on.
State of Punjab v. Joginder Singh Dhatt, AIR (1993) SC 2486,
Abani Kanta Rayv. State ofOrissa, (1995] Supp. 4SCC169, Rajendra
H 72
MOHD.MASOODAHMADv. STATE[KATJU,J.] 73

Rao v. Union of India, [1993] 1 SCC 148, National Hydroelectric A
Power Corporation Ltd. v. Shri Bhagwan, [2001] 8 SCC 574, State
Bank ofIndia v. Anjan Sanyal, [2001] 5 SCC 508, Vijay Pal Singh v.
State of UP., (1997) 3 ESC 1668 and Onkarnath Tiwari v. The Chief
Engineer, Minor Irrigation Department, UP. Lucknow, (1997) 3 ESC
1866, referred to. B
1.2. Even if the allegation of the appellant that he was
transferred on the recommendation of an MLA is correct, that by
itself would not vitiate the transfer order. After all, it is the duty of
the representatives of the people in the legislature to express the
grievances of the people and if there is any complaint against an C
official the State government is certainly within its jurisdiction to
transfer such an employee. There can be no hard and fast rule that
every transfer at the instance of an M.P. or MLA would be vitiated.
It all depends on the facts and circumstances of an individual case.
Thus, there is no infirmity in the impugned transfer order. D
[Para 8] [75-E-F]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 4360 of
2007.
From the Judgment and Order dated 08.07.2005 of the High Court E
of Judicature at Allahabad in Writ Petition No. 1110 (SIB) of 2005.
Dinesh Kumar Garg and V.K. Biju for the Appellant.
S.B. Upadhyay, Chandan Ramamurthi, Sandeep Singh, Manoj Kr.
Dwivedi, G. Venketesh Rao, Shiv Mangal Sharma, Shubra and Jatinder F
Kumar Bhatia for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
MARKANDEY KATJU, J. 1. Leave granted.
G
2. This appeal has been directed against the impugned judgment &
order dated 8.7.2005 passed by the High Court of Judicature at
Allahabad in Writ Petition No.1110 (SIB) of 2005.
3. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.
H
\---~
74 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 10 S.C.R.

A 4. The petitioner-appellant, who was an Executive Officer, Nagar
Palika Parishad MUZi;tffamagar, had in his writ petition challenged his i

transfer by the State Government by order dated 21.6.2005 as Executive
Officer, Nagar Palika Parishad Mawana, District Meerut. Since the
petitioner was on a transferable post, in our opinion, the High Court has
B rightly dismissed the writ petition since transfer is an exigency of service
and is an administrative decision. Interference by the Courts with transfer
orders should only be in very rare cases. As repeatedly held in several
decisions, transfer is an exigency of service vide B. Varadha Rao v. State
ofKarnataka, AIR (1986) SC 1955, Shilpi Bose v. State ofBihar, AIR +-
c (1991) SC 532, Union ofIndia v. NP. Thomas, AIR (1993) SC 1605,
Union of India v. S.L. Abbas, AIR (1993) SC 2444, etc.
5. In State of Punjab v. Joginder Singh Dhatt, AIR (1993) SC
2486 this Court observed (vide paragraph 3 of the said AIR):

D "We have heard learned counsel for the parties. This Court has
time and again expressed its disapproval of the Courts below
interfering with the order oftransfer of public servant from one place )--
to another. It is entirely for the employer to decide when, where
and at what point of time a public servant is transferred from his
E present posting. Ordinarily the Courts have no jurisdiction to
interfere with the order of transfer. The High Court grossly erred
in quashing the order of transfer of the respondent from Hoshiarpur
to Sangrur. The High Court was not justified in extending its
jurisdiction tmder Article 226 ofthe Constitution of India in a matter
r
where, on the face of it, no injustice was caused"
F
6. In Abani Kanta Ray v. State of Orissa, [1995] Supp. 4 SCC
169; (1996) Lab IC 982, this Court observed (vide paragraph 10):
"It is settled law that a transfer which is an incident of service
is not to be interfered with by the Courts unless it is shown to be
G
clearly arbitrary or vitiated by mala fides or infraction of any
professed norm or principle governing the transfer. (See NK. >
Singh v. Union ofIndia)"

7. The scope of judicial review of transfer under Article 226 of the
H Constitution oflndia has been settled by the Supreme Court in Rajendra
MOHD.MASOODAHMADv. STATE[KATJU,J.] 75

Rao v. Union of India, [1993] 1 SCC 148; AIR (1939) SC 1236, A
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd v. Shri Bhagwan,
[2001] 8 SCC 574; AIR (2001) SC 3309, and State Bank of India v.
Anjan Sanyal, [2001] 5 SCC 508; AIR (2001) SC 1748. Following
the aforesaid principles laid down by the Supreme Court, the Allahabad
High Court in Vijay Pal Singh v. State of UP., (1997) 3 ESC 1668; B
(1998) All LJ 70 and Onkarnath Tiwari v. The ChiefEngineer, Minor
Irrigation Department, UP. Lucknow, (1997) 3 ESC 1866; (1998)
All LJ 245, has held that the principle oflaw laid down in the aforesaid
decisions is that an order of transfer is a part of the service conditions of
an employee which should not be interfered with ordinarily by a Court of c
law in exercise of its discretionary jurisdiction under Article 226 unless
the Comt finds that either the order is ma/a fide or that the service rules
prohibit such transfer, or that the authorities who issued the orders, were
not competent to pass the orders.
8. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the impugned D
transfer order of the appellant from Muzaffamagar to Mawana, District
Meerut was made at the instance of an MLA. On the other hand, it has
been stated in the counter affidavit filed on behalf of respondent Nos. 1
& 2 that the appellant has been transferred due to complaints against him.
In our opinion, even if the allegation of the appellant is correct that he E
was transferred on the recommendation of an MLA, that by itself would
not vitiate the transfer order. After all, it is the duty of the representatives
of the people in the legislature to express the grievances of the people
and if there is any complaint against an official the State government is
certainly within its jurisdiction to transfe~ such an employee. There can F
be no hard and fast rule that every transfer at the instance of an M.P. or
MLA would be vitiated. It all depends on the facts & circw11stances of
an individual case. In the present case, we see no infirmity in the impugned
transfer order.
G
9. The appeal is dismissed. There is no order as to costs.
N.J. Appeal dismissed