MRS. NALINI NAVIN BHAGWATI AND ORS.versusMR. CHANDRAVADAN M. MEHTA

                MRS. NALINI NAVIN BHAGWATI AND ORS.                             A
                                           v.
                     MR. CHANDRAVADAN M. MEHTA

                               OCTOBER 11, 1996

                (K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.)                           B

           Indian Succession Act, 1925 :

..          Sections 263, 295-Probate-Grant of-Application for revocation
     thereof-Co11ve1ting it as a regular suit-Rejected by trial court-On revision C
     High Ccurl directing to treat the application as a suit-On appeal held,
     procedure required under S.295 need not be adopted for disposal of the
     application for       revocation of the probate or letter of administration-It
     would be treated as miscellaneous application and disposed of according to
     the given fact situation.
                                                                                D
           Narbheram Jivaram Purohit v. Jevallabh Harijivan, Vol.XXXV (1933)
     BLR 998, approved.

           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 14217-20
     of 1996
                                                                                 E
          From the Judgment and Order dated 14.8.95 of the Gujarat High
     Court in C.R.A. Nos. 1142 and 1148/95 and Order dated 18.7.95 in
     C.A.Nos. 2825, 2829/95.

           Harish N. Salve, Sunil Dogra, Ms. Monica Sharma and S.S. Shroff       F
     for the Appellants.

          H.K. Puri, Rajesh Srivastava, S.C. Dhanda and Ujjwal Banerjee for
     the Respondent.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :                      G
          Leave granted.

           These appeals by special leave arise from the judgment of the
     Gujarat High Court dated August 14, 1995 made in Civil Revision Applica-
     tion Nos. 1142 and 1148 of 1995 and the order dated July 18, 1995 made H
                                       631
   632                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996) SUPP. 7 S.C.R.

A in Civil Application Nos. 2825 & 2829 of 1995 in CRA Nos. 1142 & 1148
    of 1995.

         The admitted facts are that one Manvantrai Mehta owned Plot No.
  13 in Krishna Cooperative Housing Society at Ahmedabad and also an
B open plot No. 14 in the said society. He died on 16.1.1995 leaving behind
  his widow Kamlaben and five children, namely, Narendra, Chandravadan
  (respondents herein) and Nalini, Chandrakalaben and Vasantben
  (petitioners herein). In other words, he left behind him three daughters
  and two sons. Plot No. 13 was in the name of Narendra Mehta who died
  on August 8, 1971. But his wife was not known. Kamlaben also died on
                                                                                    ..
C September 16, 1984. The respondents filed C.M. Application No. 123 of
  1985 in the Civil Court at Ahmedabad and obtained probate to the will left
  by Kamlaben, their mother. The probate was granted on January 16, 1987.
  The appellants on coming to know of the said probate filed an application
  to revoke the probate. The Civil Judge, City Civil Court, Ahmedabad was
D prayed to convert the application into a regular suit. It was rejected by the
  trial Court. On revision, the High Court by order dated July 18, 1995 held
  that there was proper explanation for the delay in filing the application for
  revocation of the probate but directed to treat the application as a suit filed
  ~der Section 295 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925 (for short, the 'Act').
  Feeling aggrieved by the latter direction, these appeals have come to be
E filed.

         Shri Harish Salve, learned senior counsel appearing for the appel-
  lants, contended that the application for revocation cannot be treated to
  be a suit filed under Section 295 of the Act. That would apply only in a
F case where probate was sought for and there was contentious issues
  involved in that behalf. Therefore, it would be treated as a suit and the
  propounder who seeks probate or letter of administration will be treated
  as a plaintiff and the person opposing the claim as defendant and the
  application would be set out as a suit for trial under the provisions of CPC.
G But application for revocation is required to be considered on the grounds
  set out under Section 263 of the Act. When the person who seeks revoca-
  tion of the probate or letter of administration is required to be dealt with
  as an application but not as a suit. The District Judge, depending upon the
  given fact-situation would dispose it of either summarily or on full-dress
H enquiry, on recording the evidence of witness as a suit. But in no cir-
               NALININAVINBHAGWATiv.C.M.MEHTA                            633
cu.nstances, it would be treated as a suit. Shri H.K. Puri, learned counsel A
for the respondents, contended that Part IX of the Act itself gives indica-
tion as to the manner in which the proceedings could be dealt with at
different stages. Chapter IV of Part IX clearly indicates that when an
application is filed for probate it should be dealt with as suit and for
revocation of a probate similarly it should be treated as a suit and would B
be considered in accordance with the procedure provided under the CPC.
The applicant who seeks revocation of probate would be treated as a
plaintiff and the person who opposes the revocation as defendant. There-
fore, the High Court was right in directing to treat the application for
revocation as a suit and to proceed with the trial on that basis.
                                                                                c
      Having considered the respective contentions, the question that
arises for consideratio11 is : whether the application for revocation of the
probate would be treated as a suit under Section 295 of the Act? The said
section reads as under :
                                                                                D
         "In any case before the District Judge in which there is contention,
         the proceedings shall take, as nearly as may be, the form of a
         regular suit, according to the provisions of the Code of Civil
         Procedure, 1908, in which the petitioner for probate or letters of
         administration, as the case may be, shall be the plaintiff, and che
         person who has appeared to oppose the grant shall be the defen-        E
         dant."

       In other words, when probate or letter of administration was sought,
 on the basis of a will and there was a contentious issue in that behalf, the
District Judge had to set it out in the form of a regular suit and the          p
provisions of CPC would be applied in trying it as a suit. The propounder
.of the will for probate or letter of administration would be a plaintiff and
the person who opposes it shall be the defendant.

      But when the grant of probate or letter of administration is sought
to be revoked, it is not clear what nomenclature would be ascribed to it G
and what procedure would be adopted for its disposal. Take for instance
a situation when the suit is decreed ex parte. Order IX Rule 13 provides
for making of an application to set aside the decree; on proof of certain
grounds ex parte decree gets set aside. Similarly, when the suit was dis-
missed for default, under Order IX Rule 9 an application would be filed H
   634                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996) SUPP. 7 S.C.R.
A and on proof of the circumstances for absence, the order would be set aside
  and suit would get restored. Similarly, when probate or letter of administra-
  tion is granted and it is sought to be revoked, Section 263 provides for the
  grounds on the basis of which it would be revoked. When the grounds are
  sought to be proved, the question is : Whether such an application would
B be treated to be a suit? We are of the considered view that an application
  to revoke probate or letter of administration would be treated as miscel-
  laneous application and may be disposed of on the fact situation in an
  appropriate case either summarily or after recording evidence. The ap-
  plication to revoke the probate or letter of administration thus may be
  disposed of by the District Judge either summarily or in a given situation
C where it requires proof of the facts by adduction of evidence by the parties
  by recording such evidence as is adduced by the parties. The burden will
  be on the applicant to prove the facts to revoke the probate or letter of
  administration and the respondent who obtained probate or letter of
  administration has to disprove the contentions of the applicant. In that
D situation, based upon the given facts situation, it will be for the Court to
  dispose it of either summarily or after giving opportunity to both the parties
  to adduce evidence and consideration thereof. Under these circumstances,
  it is not necessary that the application for revocation of the probate or
  letter of administration would be treated as a suit as a contemplated under
E Section 295 of the Act. If the contention of Shri Puri merits acceptance,
  then any proceedings under the application to revoke the probate or letter
  of administration should be treated as a suit : the applicant cannot prove
  the will and at the same time cannot contend that the will was not validly
  executed. Therefore, it would be self contradictory to adopt such a proce-
  dure. Accordingly, we are of the view that the procedure required under
F Section 295 need not be adopted for disposal of the application filed under
  Section 263 for revocation of the probate or the letter of administration. It
  would be treated as miscellaneous application and disposed of as indicated
  earlier according to the given fact situation. In fact, the Bombay High
  Court came to consider the question, not directly on this issue but in an
G analogous situation in Narbheram Jivaram Purohit v. Jevallabh Harijivan,
   [Vol. XXXV (1933) BLR 998). Therein, the learned single Judge had held
   that the proper procedure for revocation of probate granted by the High
   Court is by way of a petition filed in the testamentary and intestate
  jurisdiction of the Court, and not by way of suit in its Ordinary Original
                                                                                   1
                                                                                   j
H Civil Jurisdiction. In other words, the Court indicated that it need not be
               NALININAVINBHAGWATiv. C.MMEHTA                           635
                                                 •
treated as a suit on the original side cif the Court but it could be disposed . A
of as an application independent of the suit. Thus, we hold that the High
Court was clearly in error in reaching the conclusion that it should be
treated as a suit and disposed of under Section 295.

      The appeals are accordingly allowed. The trial Court is directed to
dispose of the inatter as expeditiously as possible. No costs.                 B
G.N.                                                      Appeals allowed.