PRATAP SINGHversusSTATE OF HARYANA

                               PRATAP SINGH
A
                                        v.
                           STATE OF HARYANA

                             DECEMBER 7, 1990

B            [KULDIP SINGH AND K. RAMASWAMY, JJ.]

          Indian Penal Code,· 1860: Sections 302, 326/34.
          Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: Section 173.
           Criminal Trial-Accused charged under Sections 302 and 326 vic-
    ariously with the aid of Section 34-0n the date of charge-sheet no
C   material with the prosecution to show that the accused actually parti-
    cipated in crime and gave knife injury-During trial accused confronted
    with evidence accusing him of substantive charges under both offences i.e.
    inflicting knife injuries to the deceased and prosecution witness-Trial
    held prejudicial to the accused-Benefit of doubt given to the accused.
D
           The appeUant and his co•accused were convicted by the Addi-
    tional Sessions Judge under Sections 302, 326 read with section 34 of the
    Indian Penal Code and were sentenced to rigorous Imprisonment for
    life and four years respectively. On appeal the High Court acquitted the
    co-accused but upheld the conviction and sentence of the appellant.
E
           In appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of the appellant
    (I) that the appellant was convicted for an offence for which he was not
    chargesheeted because In the charge-sheet he was charged vicariously
    with the aid of section 34 for both the offences i.e. under sections 302
    and 326, but at the trial contrary to charge-sheet he was confronted
F   with evidence accusing him of the substantive charge under section 302
    for causing death of the deceased and under section 326 for causing
    grievous hurt to the prosecution witness; (ii) the co-accused having been
    acquitted by the High Court, part of the testimony has been proved to
    be false and as such cannot be relied upon to support the conviction of
    the accused.
G
          Allowing the appeal, this Court,

          HELD: 1. The charge against the appellant was framed on the
    basis of the material collected dl1ring the investigation by the prosecu-
    tion. On the date of the charge-sheet there was no material with the
H   prosecution to show that it was the appellant who gave knife injury to

                                       502
              PRATAP v. STATE OF HARYANA [KULDIP SINGH, J.l                503
•
     the deceased and the prosecution witness. Even otherwise when the
                                                                                  A
     police report under Section 173 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
     which is the basis of the chargesheet, implicated the appellant vicari-
     ously with the aid of Section 34, I.P.C., it is difficult to rule out pre-
..   judice when at the trial, evidence was led to show that he actually
     participated in the crime and inflicted injuries to the deceased and
     grievous hurt to prosecution witness. In any case this cannot be certified   B
     as a fair-trial. The infirmities pointed out on behalf of the appellant
     when examined in the light of the charge framed against the appellant
     will show that it is difficult to carry the conviction of the appellant
     beyond reasonable doubt. Accordingly the appellant-accused is given
     the benefit of doubt and acquitted. The conviction and sentence Is set
     aside. [507C-F]
                                                                                  c
           2. When the Trial Court and the High Court on appreciation of
     the evidence have believed the eye-witnesses and have based the convic·
     lion of the appellant on their testimony. It is not for the Supreme Court
     to reappreciate the evidence. [SOSE]
                                                                                  D
          CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
     No. 332 of 1990,

          From the Judgment and Order dated 28.9.1988 of the Punjab
     and Haryana High Court in Cr. A. No. 137 DB of 1987.
                                                                                  E
           \llrs. Kawaljit Kochhar and J.D. Jain for the Appellant.

           Rana Ranjit Singh and A.G. Prasad for the Respondent.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by;
                                                                             F
           KULDIP SINGH, J. Partap Singh and Parkasha accused were
     convicted by the Additional Sessions Judge, Kamal under Sections
     302, 326 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and were
     sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for life and four years respecti-
     vely. On appeal the High Court acquitted Parkasha but upheld the
     conviction and sentence of Part"ap Singh. This appeal via special leave G
     petition is by Partap Singh against the judgment of the High Court.

           The First Information Report was recorded on the basis of the
     statement of Nar Singh. According to the prosecution story Nar Singh
     and Krishan deceased were rickshaw pullers and used to live together
     in a room at Panipat. On August 26, 1986 at about 11 p.m. both of H
    504         SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

   them went out to ease themselves in a rickshaw driven by Mannu who
A was brother of Nar Singh's wife. On their way back they met two boys
   near the Sabzi Mandi. One of them was whistling. The boys got the
   impression that the persons in Rickshaw were objecting to their whistl-
   ing. The boy having "swarthy complexion, stout body and height 5'. 6"
   and having beard" took out a knife meant for vegetable-cutting from
B, his pocket and gave a blow to Nar Singh in his abdomen. Krishan came
   forward to rescue Nar Singh whereupon the same assailant gave a
   knife blow to him on the left side of his abdomen. The F.I.R. further
   stated that the other co-accused was also having "swarthy complexion
   heavy body and height about 5'. 8" ".The accused persons ran away
   from the spot after giving knife blows.

        The injured were removed to the hospital. On being declared fit
  by the doctor the statement of Nar Singh was recorded at 12.40 p.m.
  on August 27, 1986 and thereafter the case was registered at the police
  station at 12.50 p.m. krishan died at 9.30 p.m. on August 28, 1986.
  Autopsy on the dead body revealed that the injury had ruptured the
D small intestine and was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course
  of nature. The injury on the person of Nar Singh was declared as
  grievous in nature.

       Both the accused were arrested on September 9, 1986. At the
  time of arrest knife Exhibit P-4 was recovered from the possession of
E Parkasha accused.

        Both the accused when examined under Section 313 of the Crimi-
  nal Procedure Code denied the prosecution allegations and pleaded
  false implication. The accused further pleaded that they were arrested
  on September 2, 1986 and was kept in the police custody upto
F September 9, 1986 on which date their arrest was shown and they were
  produced before the Court. According to the accused Parkasha he was
  shown to the witnesses during the period when he was kept in police
  custody. The prosecution evidence consists of eye-witness testimony of
  Nar Singh and Mannu.

G        We have heard Mrs. kawaljit Kochar, learned counsel for the
    appellant and Mr. Rana Ranjit Singh, counsel for the State of
    Haryana.

          The learned counsel for the appellant has argued that the
    ac~used have not been named in the First Information Report. Except-
H ing for the identification of the accused in the Court there is no evi-
          PRA,TAP v. STATE OF HAllYANA [KULDIP SINGH, J.]            505

dence to inculpate the accused in the case. ·she further submitted that     A
in the First Information Report there was no mention about the exis-
tence of the street light near the place of occurrence. According to her,
there was pitch dark at the place of occurrence and it was difficult
rather impossible for the eye-witnesses to have seen the accused
persons enough io identify them later on in the Court. Learned
                                                                            8
counsel has vehemently contended that the accused persons rightly
refused to participate in the identification parade because they were
shown to the witnesses during the period from September 2, 1986 to
September 9, 1986 when they were illegally kept in police custody. The
learned counsel further argued that Mannu an alleged eye-witness
could have gone to the police station to lodge the First lnformataion
Report. Mannu did not talk about the occurrence to anyone nor did he        C
go to the police station to lodge the report. She contended that the
police waited till Nar Singh was declared fit by the doctor to make a
statement and thereafter the F.l.R. was lodged on the basis of the
statement of Nar Singh. According to her the presence of Mannu on
the place of occurrence was doubtful. Lastly, the learned counsel con-
tended that Parkasha accused having been acquitted by the High Court        D
part of the testimony of the eye-witnesses has been proved to be false
and as such they cannot be relied upon to support the conviction of the
appellant Partap Singh.

       The above arguments of the learned counsel sound plausible but
  the Trial Court and the High Court on appreciation of the evidence        E
  have believed the eye-witnesses and have based the conviction of the
  appellant on their testimony. It is not for us to reappreciate the evi-
  dence. The learned counsel has, however, taken us through the
  charge-sheet framed against the two accused by the Additional
  Sessions Judge, Kamal. The charge-sheet discloses that Parkasha co-
                                                                            F
  accused who has been acquitted by the High Court was assigned the
  substantive role. He was charged under Section 302, l.P.C. for causing
  death of Krishan and under Section 326 for causing grievous hurt to
  Nar Singh. The appellant Partap Singh was charged with the aid of
. Section 34, LP .C. for both the offences. He was charged with offences
  under Section 302/34 and Section 326/34, I.P.C. According to learned      G
  counsel at the trial, contrary to the charge-sheet the appellant Partap
  Singh was confronted with evidence accusing him of the substantive
  charge under Section 302, I.P.C. for causing death of Krishan and
  under Section 326, I.P.C. for causing grievous hurt to Nar Singh
  whereas co-accused Parkasha was assigned liability under Section 34,
  I.P.C. He was finally acquitted by the High Court.                        H
    506         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

A         The learned counsel for the appellant has vehemently contended
    that both the Courts below were oblivious of the fact that the appellant
    was convicted for an offence for which he was never charge-sheeted.
    She contended that till November 12, 1986 when the appellant was
    charge-sheeted, the prosecution was not sure about the actual part
    played by the appellant in the crime. The learned counsel has also
B   invited our attention to an order passed by the Additional Sessions
    Judge on December 16, 1986 by which the learned Judge rejected the
    application of the prosecution for amendment of the charge. The re-
    levant part of the order is as under:

               "After arguments on the charge were addressed, a charge
               under Section 302 of Indian Penal Code and Section 326 of
c              Indian Penal Code was framed against the accused
               Parkasha and a charge under section 302 of Indian Penal
               code read with Section 34 of Indian Penal Code and under
               .Section 326 read with Section 34 of Indian Penal Code was
               framed against the accused Partap alias Gochar. The pro-
D              secution has opened the trial and as many as nine witnesses
               have already been examined. Seven witnesses have been
               given up by the prosecution. Only drafts man Balak Ram
               and Investigating Officers remained to be examined.

                     Learned Public Prosecutor had to this stage moved an
E              application for amendment of the charge stating that dur-
               ing the recording of evidence of the prosecution, it has
               come to light that it was Partap, a who has caused fatal
               injury to Kishan and grievous injury with sharp weapon to
               Nar Singh and that he should be substantially charged
               under Section 302/326 of Indian Penal Code, whereas
F              Parkasha should be charged under Section 302 and 326 of
               Indian Penal Code read with Section 34 of Indian Penal
               Code. It was stated that no prejudice was going to be
               caused to the accused by this amendment of the charge.

                      I have heard learned Public Prosecutor and learned
G               defence counsel and find that the application for amend-
                ment of charge merits out right rejection. Charge against
                the accused was framed on the basis of the evidence col-
                lected by the prosecution and on the basis of argument
                addressed on behalf of the State and on behalf of the
                accused and the trial has opened. If during the trial, the
H               witnesses have deposed contrary to the charge, charge can-
         PRATAP v. STATE OF HARYANA [KULDIP SINGH, J.l                 507

            not"be amended on that score. If request of the prosecution       A
            is granted, it would definitely cause prejudice to the
            accused. Charge cannot be amended to be inconformity
            with the evidence which the prosecution has adduced at the
            time of trial. In fact, the duty is of the prosecution to lead
            evidence, to prove the charge against the accused. Amend-
                                                                              B
            ment of the charge at this stage would mean placing cart
            before the horse. The application for amendment of the
            charge, therefore, rejected."

       We have given our thoughtful consideration to the arguments of
the learned counsel. As stated by the Additional Sessions Judge in his
order quoted above the charge against the appellant was framed on the         c
basis of the material collected during the investigation by the prosecu-
tion. It is thus obvious that on the date of the charge-sheet there was
no material with the prosecution to show that it was the appellant
Partap Singh who gave knife injury to deceased Krishan and P.W. Nar
Singh. Even otherwise when the police report under Section 173 Code
of Criminal Procedure, which is the basis of the chatgesheet,                 D
implicated the appellant. vicariously with the aid of Section 34, I.P.C.,
it is difficult to rule out prejudice when at the trial evidence was led to
show that he actually participated in the crime and inflicted injuries to
the deceased and grievous hurt to P.W. Nar Singh. In any case this
cannot be certified as a fair-trial. There is also force in the argument of
the learned counsel that all the infirmities pointed out by her when          E
examined in the light of the charge framed against the appellant, it is
difficult to carry the conviction of the appellant beyond reasonable
doubt.

      After hearing the arguments of the learned counsel for the appel-
lant and taking into consideration all the facts and circumstances            F
enumerated above, we· are left with a lurking doubt in our mind. We
give the benefit to the accused-appellant and acquit him. The convic-
tion and sentence of the appellant is set aside and he be released
forthwith.

T.N.A.                                                   Appeal allowed.