RAMESH S/O LAXMAN GAVLIversusSTATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND ORS.

                         RAMESH S/O LAXMAN GA VLI                                     A
/
                                          v.
                  STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND ORS.

                              SEPTEMBER 16, 1999

              [G.B. PATTANAIK AND N. SANTOSH HEGDE, JJ.]                              B

          Penal Code, 1860-Ss. 302134-Murder-Testimony of eye witnesses-
    Duly corroborated by other witnesses-Nothing brought in cross examination
    to discredit the eye witnesses-Held; conviction and sentence justified
                                                                                      c
          Criminal Procedure Code, 1973-S.161_.:._Witnesses-Delay in examining
    the witnesses-Effect of-Held; ipso facto ~cannot be a ground to discredit
    their testimony when nothing tangible was brought in cross examination to
    impeach their testimony.

          Criminal Trial :
                                                                                      D

          Benefit of doubt-Grant of-Murder-Testimony of eye witnesses-
    Discrepancy between eye witnesses regarding which accused pierced 'Gupti'
    on the chest of deceased-Held, sufficient to grant benefit of doubt-Penal
    Code 1860, S.302134.                                                              E
          Appellant alongwith 'D' and 'R' was prosecuted for offences under
    S. 302/34 of IPC. The prosecution case was that accused and deceased
    belonged to two rival fractions of 'Gawli' community. On the fateful day, while
    'K' leader of one of the fraction was proceeding to temple for offering puja
    alongwith PWl, accused person armed with weapons assaulted him. 'K'               F
    succumbed to his injuries in the hospital. Trial court, relying upon the
    evidence of PWs 1, 2 and 4, duly corroborated by PW 12, Doctor, convicted
    and sentenced the accused persons to imprisonment for life. On appeal, High
    Court while confirming the conviction and sentence of appellant and accused
    'D' set aside the conviction and sentence of accused 'R' by giving benefit of     G
    doubt. Hence the present appeals.

         On behalf of appellant it was contended that the evidence of prosecution
    witnesses cannot be relied on as there was delay in examining them; the FIR
    dated 1.10.85 was a fabricated document and no FIR was lodged till 3.10.85.
                                         603                                          H
    604                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A         Dismissing the appeals, the Court

          HELD: 1. The reliable evidence of PW 1, who was accompanying the
    deceased right from the beginning was fully corroborated by evidences of -
    PWs 2 and 4. Nothing substantial was brought on record in the cross
    examinations of the said witnesses to disbelieve them. Thus there is no
B   ~nfirmity in the judgment of the High Court convicting the appellant under
    S.302 IPC requiring interference by this Court. 1607-G; 608-BI

         2. Delay in examining the ~vitnesses, ipso facto cannot be a ground to
    discard their testimony, when nothing tangible was brought in the cross
    examination to impeach their testimony. (607-Fl
c         3. It is wholly misconceived to state that the FIR lodged on 1. 10.85 is
    a fabricated document and no FIR had been given till 3. 10.85. PW 1 is
    himself the informant and has ltategorically stated that he had given the
    report to the police on 1.10.85 itself and there is no reason to discard his
    statement. The letter dated 3.10.85 written to Superintendent of Police
D   indicates that several persons had already been arrested, persons can be
    arrested only after lodging of FIR and not before that. Further the explanation
    given bY the ifivestigating officer, that due to public holiday on 2.10.85 the
    documents were sent on 3.10.85 having been accepted by the courts below,
    there is no need to take a separate view in the matter. (606-G; A-BJ

E         4. High Court was justified in acquitting accused 'R' by giving him
    benefit of doubt. T·here is inconsistency between the eye witnesses regarding
    the role ascribed by the prosecution to accust:_d 'R'. While according to PWs
    1 and 4, 'R' pierced the 'Gupti' on the chest of the deceased but according
    to PW 2 it was 'D' who pierced the 'Gupti'. This discrepancy as to the alleged
F   role played by the accused 'R' was sufficient to give him benefit of doubt.
                                                                        (608-C-D)

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
    587 of 1996 Etc.

G        From the Judgment and Order dated 24.9.94 of the Madhya Pradesh
    High Court in Crl. A. No. 60of1987.

          B.R. Naik and Vijay K. Jain for the Appellant.

          Vivek Gambhir for the Respondent.

H         K.N. Shukla, (Mrs. Sushila Shukla) for Uma Nath Singh for the State of
           RAMESHS/OLAXMANGAVLI v. STATEOFM.P._[PATTANAIK,J.]            605
Madhya Pradesh.                                                                 A
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      PATTANAIK J. These two appeals, one by the convict, Ramesh and
the other by the State are directed against one and the same judgment of the
High Court of Madhya Pradesh and were, therefore, heard together and are        B
disposed of by this common judgment.

      Appellant, Ramesh along with two others Dalla alias Dayaram and
Ramesh, son of Jagannath, commonly known as Ramesh (Junior), was convicted
by the learned Sessions Judge for having committed offence under Section
302 and 302/34 IPC and sentenced to imprisonment for life. On appeal, the C
High Court confirmed the conviction and sentence imposed by the learned
Sessions Judge on accused Dayaram as well Ramesh, so~ of Laxman, the
present appellant but set aside the conviction of Ramesh (Junior) under
Section 302/34 IPC and acquitted him of all the charges. The appeal preferred
by the State is against the acquittal of Ramesh (Junior) of the charge under ·
Section 302/34 IPC. it may be stated, at this stage, that the learned Sessions D
Judge has acquitted three other accused persons who stood trial along with
the appellant and against their order of acquittal, the State moved the High
Court in appeal and the State's appeal being dismissed, the State has preferred
Special Leave Petition (SLP (Crl.) No. 295/96) which stood dismissed by this
Court on 8.9.99.                                                                E
      The prosecution case in nutshell is that the accused and the deceased
belonged to 'Gawli' community and had been divided in two fractions, one
led by the deceased, Kanhaiyalal whereas the other fraction was led by
Mangilal, Jagannath and Pancham. Pancham is the father of accused, Dalla.
Kanhayalal, the deceased was out-casted and on that score, there had been       F
some dissension. On the date ofoccurrence, i.e. l.10.85, the said Kanhaiyalal
was proceeding to Kali temple for offering 'Puja', accompanied by Nandlal,
PW l. While they were proceeding, the accused persons came together armed
with weapons. in their hands and started mercilessly assaulting Kanhaiyalal.
Accused, Dalla had an axe in his hand and gave blows on the head of the         G
deceased by means of the axe. The present appellant, Ramesh (senior) gave
also an axe blow and Kanhaiyalal tried to prevent him but his left hand was
cut and Kanhaiyalal fell down. The other accused, Ramesh (Junior) pierced
'Gupti' on his chest. The further prosecution case is that the three other
accused persons, who have since been acquitted, also caused injuries on the
deceased with the weapons in their hands. 'Halla' was raised and a telephonic   H
     606                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A message was given to the police station, which was duly recorded in the
    'roznama' and PWI I came to the spot. Kanhaiyalal was taken to the hospital
   and he was declared dead. PW I, Nandlal gave a written report which was
   treated as First Information Report and the police then registered a case and
   started investigation. On completion of the investigation, a charge-sheet was
                                                                                       -
B filed and the accused persons stood their trial, as already stated. The
   prosecution examined a number of witnesses of whom PWs 1,2 and 3 are the
   eye witnesses to the occurrence. PW3 did not support the prosecution case
   and was allowed to be cross-examined. PW8 is a post occurrence witness and
   PW 12 is the Doctor who had conducted the autopsy on the dead body of
   the deceased, Kanhaiyalal. The postmortem report indicates that there were
C five injuries on the dead body of the deceased, four were incised and one
   abrasion. On the basis of medical evidence, the Sessions Judge came to hold
  that Kanhaiylal met a homicidal death and the same finding is not assailed
  before us. Relying upon the evidence of PWs 1, 2 and 4 and finding
  corroboration of the same with the evidence of Doctor, PW 12, the learned
  Sessions Judge convicted three of the accused persons while acquitted three
D others,· as already stated. Appeal being preferred, the High Court considered
  the inter-se inconsistency between the eye witnesses with regard to the
  finding as to which accused person caused the injury on the chest by means
  of 'Gupti', inasmuch as while PW I and 4 had stated that 'Gupti' was pierced
  by Ramesh (Junior), PW2 stated that the 'Gupti' was pierced by Devilal and
E accordingly held that the said accused, Ramesh (Junior), son of Jagannath is
  entitled to benefit of doubt. But so far as appellant, Ramesh and accused
  Dalla are concerned, the High Court on re-appreciation of the evidence of the
  three eye witnesses came to hold that the prosecution case has been proved
  beyQnd reasonable doubt and, therefore, the conviction and sentence passed
  by the Sessions Judge was affirmed. It may be stated that no appeal has been
F preferred by Dalla.
          Mr. Bhimrao Naik, learned senior counsel appearing for appellant, Ramesh
    (Senior) vehemently contended that the oral evidence of PWs I, 2 and 4
    cannot be accepted in this case as right from the beginning the prosecution
G   has proceeded with fabricated documents and in fact the document which has
    been treated as FIR and is said to have been lodged on 1.10.85 is a fabricated
    document and no FIR had been given till 3.10.85.

          The entire basis for the aforesaid argument is that in a letter dated
    3.10.85 to the Superintendent of Police to which the informant himself was a
H   signatory, it had not been indicated that a FIR had already been lodg~d earlier.
           RAMESH S/O LAXMAN GAVLI 1'. STATE OF MP [PATT!\NAIK. J)           607

This argument made by Mr. Naik, learned senior counsel is wholly misconceived        A
inasmuch as the said document indicates that several persons had already
been arrested by them and persons can be arrested only after lodging of FIR
and not before that. PW I is himself the informant and has categorically
stated that he had given the report to the police on I. I 0.85 itself and there
is no reason why his statement should be discarded. Learned counsel, Mr.
Naik in this context had urged that the fact that the FIR reached the Magistrate     B
only on 3. l 0.85 substantiate his allegation that there was no. FIR on I. I 0:85,
as alleged by the prosecution. But the Investigating Officer has indicated the
reason that the 2nd of October being holiday on account of Gandhi Jayanti,
he has sent the documents on 3rd October and this explanation has been
accepted by the learned Sessions Judge as well as by the High Court. We              C
do not think that a separate view could be taken by this Court on this score.

       Mr. Naik then placed before us the evidence of the three eye witnesses
and contended that their evidence does not inspire confidence and should
be rejected. Normally, this Court, sitting in appeal against the conviction
passed by the Sessions Judge and upheld in appeal, does not re-appreciate            D
the evidence of the witnesses again. But the evidence having been placed
before us and having been argued at length by the learned senior counsel,
we have scrutinised the same. Nothing substantial has been brought to our
notice in the cross-examination of these witnesses for which this Court would
come to the conclusion that the witnesses are not believable. As stated              E
earlier, PW I was accompanying the deceased right from the beginning when
the deceased had gone to supply milk and was proceeding to offer 'Puja' and
PWs 2 and 4 are independent witnesses who happened to be at the scene
of occurrence and have narrated the occurrence vividly. The argument of Mr.
Naik, appearing for the appellant against acceptability of the witnesses, No.2
and 4 is that they were examined by the police under Section 161 Cr. P.C. on         F
6.10.85 and 4.10.85 respectively. This delay in examining the two witnesses
ipso fact cannot be a ground to discard their testimony, more so, when in the
cross-examination of witnesses, nothing tangible had been brought out to
impeach their testimony. On the other hand, evidence of PWs 2 and 4 fully
corroborate the reliable evidence of PW I and therefore, the Courts below            G
were justified in maintaining conviction of appellant, Ramesh of the charge
under Section 302 IPC. In course of arguments, Mr. Naik learned senior
counsel also raised a contention that the prosecution has not examined the
independent witnesses though available and that an adverse inference should
be drawn. But on going through the evidence on record, we do not find any
material from which it can be said that the other independent witnesses were         H
    608                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   available and the same were riot examined. That apart, PW 2 and 4 are
    independent witnesses and, therefore it is not necessary for the prosecution
    to.multiply the witnesses. We, therefore. Do not find any substance in the
    aforesaid submission of Mr. Bhimrao Naik.

          In the net result, we do not see any infirmity with the judgment of the
B   High Court convicting the appellant under Section 302 IPC requiring interference
    by this Court. Criminal Appeal No. 587/96, therefore fails and is dismissed.

          So far as the Criminal Appeal No 588/96 preferred by the State is
    concerned the same is directed against the order of acquittal of accused,
C   Ramesh (Junior), son of Jagannath of the charge under Section 302/34 IPC by
    the High Court. A bare scrutiny of the impugned judgment of the High Court
    would indicate that the role ascribed by the prosecution to accused Ramesh
    (Junior) is that he pierced a 'Gupti' on the chest of the deceased. But so far
    as this case of the prosecution is concerned the eye witnesses were found
    to be inconsistent. While, according to PWs I and 4, Ramesh (Junior) pierced
D   the 'Gupti' but according to PW 2, it is Devilal who pierced the 'Gupti'. This
    discrepancy as to the alleged role played by the accused, Ramesh (Junior)
    ~as sufficient to give him benefit of doubt and accordingly the High Court
    acquitted him of the charge. Mr. K.N. Shukla, learned senior counsel appearing
    for State of Madhya Pradesh was not in a position to assail the said conclusion
    of the High Court. We, therefore, do not find any merit in the appeal preferred
E   by the State of Madhya Pradesh. In the result, this appeal is also dismissed.

           Accordingly, both the Criminal Appeals are dismissed.

    S.VK                                                        Appeal dismissed.