SAVALIRAM GOTIRAM TELI (DECEASED) BY HEIRS AND LRS.versusMADHUKAR YESHWANT PATANKAR AND OTHERS

          SAVALIRAM GOTIRAM TELi (DECEASED)                                   A
                  BY HEIRS AND LRS.
                          v.
       MADHUKAR YESHWANT PATANKAR AND OTHERS

                         NOVEMBER 19, 1996
                                                                              B
               (N.P. SINGH AND ~.B. MAJMUDAR, JJ.]

      Land Laws and Agricultural Tenancy :

      Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948-Sections 32
(J-B), 40, 29-Whether heirs ofa tenant can claim restoration ofpossession     C
under the provisions ofsection 32 (1-B)-Tenant was in possession on the
appointed day, i.e., 15.6.1955-Dispossessed without following procedure
under section 29 before the tiler's day i.e., 1.4.1957-Landlords remained
in possession upto 31. 7.1969-Held: Conditions of 32 (IB) satisfied-Suo
motu proceedings by the Mam/atdar or proceedings by the heirs themselves-     D
Valid and maintainable-Irrespective of the fact that the original tenant
died before initiating proceedings for restoration ofpossession within two
years ofdispossession under section 29, Section 40 transmits tenancy rights
in favour of the heirs.             ·

        The predecessor-in-interest of the appellants was the tenant of E
  the agricultural land of the respondent-landlords on the appointed
  day i.e. 15th June, 1955. The tenant was dispossessed by the landlords
· prior to lst April, 1957 otherwise-than by an appropriate order UIJder
  section 29 of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 194.8.
  After dispossessing the tenant, the respondent landlords remained in
  possession of the land till 31st July,~- The Mamlatdar initiated F
  suomotu proceedings under section 32(1-B) of the Act on the ground
  that the tenant was in possession of the land on the appointed day
  and was dispossessed prior to tiller's day i.e. 1st April, 1957 without
  following the due procedure of law, and therefore, the landlords were
  liable to restore the possession to the heirs of the tenant as he had G
  died in the meantime in 1959. The Additional Mamlatdar, the Deputy
  Collector and the Revenue Tribunal held in favour of the heirs of the
  tenant and ordered restoration of possession of the land from the
  respondent landlords. The respondents filed a Writ Petition in the
  High Court. The High Court allowed the Writ Petition and held that
  the proceedings were. not maintainable and the tenancy right could H
                                   747
    748                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A not be inherited by the heirs as the tenant only could have initiated
    such proceedings. The appellants filed the present appeal against the
    judgment of the High Court. In the meantime the judgment of the
    single judge was overruled by a Division Bench of the High Court.

          Allowing the appeal, this Court
B
         HELD: I. I. The heirs ofa tenant can claim restoration of possession
  under section 32(1-B) of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands
  Act irrespective of the fact that the original tenant died before he could
  initiate proceedings for restoration of possession within two years of
  dispossession under section 29. Section 32(1-B) of the Act itselfoperates
C on its own and includes within it the non-obstinate clause meaning
  thereby overriding the provisions of section 29 of the Act. This clearly
  means that whether the erstwhile tenant had followed the provisions
  of section 29 or not for getting restoration of possession of the land
  from the landlord within two years was irrelevant as a further locus
  penintentiae is given to such tenants by the express language of section
D 32(1-B) of the Act and dehors section 29, Section 40 of the Act then
  squarely gets attracted. (753-E-H, 754-A]

          1.2. Section 40 of the Act provides for a deemed fi~tion about
    transmission of existing tenancy rights in favour of the heirs. Thus on
    the death of the tenant in J 959, as his tenancy rights had not got
E   extinguished by an appropriate proceedings under section 29 at the ,
    instance of the landlord, those tenancy rights survived and could be
    transmitted under the statutory provisions of section 40 in favour of
    the heirs of the erstwhile tenant who were obviously willing to continue
    as tenants. The result was that when section 32(18) operated, they
F   fully satisfied the requirement of being statutory tenants of the land
    in question having the same terms and conditions of tenancy qua the
    respondent-landlords and hence could claim their right of restoration
    of possession of the tenanted lands against the respondent-landlords
    on satisfaction of the required conditions of section 32(1 B) of the Act.
                                                                . (754-D-GJ
G
         1.3. Applicability of Section 32(18) can not also be questioned
    on the ground that section 32(1 B) contemplates that proceedings can
    be initiated even against the successor in-interest of the landlord but
     the section no\vhere provides a similar right in favour of successor-in-
     intercst of the tenant. The tenant being the aggrieved party can himself
H support the proceedings for restoration of possession, or if he dies in
                    S.G. TELiv. M.Y.PATANKAR                       749

the meantime and his tenancy rights get transmitted to his heirs under   A
section 40 of the Act, bis heirs on their own right would become
statutory tenants and can invoke the provisions of the section agamst
the landlord or his successor-in-interest. As there was no provision
like section 40 for transmission of landlord's right on his death,
explanation to section 32(1B) was required to be enacted for making
the said provision fully operative in such contingencies. 1755-A-E)      B

       2. The tiller's day legislation is based on the legislative intent
that all the tillers of the soil, namely, the tenants would became deemed
purchasers of the lands on 1.4.1957. Only in circumstances where the
erstwhile tenants got illegally disposessed prior to t.4.57, a question
would arise as to what is to be done about them and that is the reason C
why the legislature gave a locus penintential to such displaced tenants
to apply for restoration of possession from the landlords on satisfying
the conditions laid down in the section and once those conditions are
satisfied the estate of the tenant would get enlarged into full ownership
so far as the tenanted lands are concerned. Thus it was a statutory
right inhering in the estate of the erstwhile tenant which obviously D
could be pressed in service not only by the tenant himself but by his
heirs and legal representatives who also can claim the statutory right
to purchase these lands being a right inherited by them from the
erstwhile tenant having a direct nexus with the proprietary rights in
the land. )755-F-H, 756-AJ
                                                                         E
    Pandharinath Sakharam Chavan v. Bhagwan Ramu Kate, AIR (1980)
Bombay 203, approved.

      Madhukar Yeswant Patankar v. Savleram Gotiram Teli, AIR (1979)
Born bay 117, reversed.
                                                                         F
     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 931 of
1978.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 1.3.78 of the Bombay High
Court in S.C.k. No. 2487 of 1973.                                        G

     V.N. Ganpule, V.B. Joshi and Alok Singh for the Appellants.

     Ms.· J.S. Wad for the Respondents.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                          H
    750                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A        S.B. MAJMUDAR, J. In this appeal the question that falls for our
  consideration is as to whether heirs of a tenant governed by the provisions
  ofBornbay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands, Act 1948 (hereinafter referred
  to as 'the act') can claim restoration of possession of the land under the
  provisions of Section 32(IB) of the Act when such proceedings were
  initiated suo motu by the Mamlatdar concerned. The Additional Mamlatdar,
B the Deputy Collector and the Maharashtra Revenue Tribunal held in favour
  of the heirs of the tenant and ordered restoration of possession of the lands
  from the respondent-landlords. The High Court of Bombay by the
  judgment under appeal took a contrary view and held that such proceedings
  are maintainable only for the tenant concerned and not for his heirs. It is
  this view of the Bombay High Court which is brought in challenge in the
C present proceedings by the heirs of the erstwhile tenant.

        A few relevant facts may be noted at the outset. One Savaliram
  Gotiram Teli was the tenant of three agricultural lands being Survey Nos.
  88, 89 and 90 situated at Village Trimbak in Nasik Taluka in Maharashtra
  State. Respondents were the landlords of the said lands. On the appointed
D day, that is, 15th June 1955 the said tenant was in occupation of these
  lands. He was dispossessed by the landlords prior to I st April 1957 otherwise
  than under an appropriate order under Section 20 of the Act. After
  dispossessing the tenant the respondent-landlords remained in possession
  of the said lands till 3 lst July ! 969. The Additional Mamlatdar instituted
  suo motu proceedings under Section 32(IB) of the Act on the ground that
E the tenant was in possession of the lands on the appointed day and he was
  dispossessed prior to the tillers day, that is, !st April 1957 by the landlords
  without following due procedure of Jaw and the lands in question were in
  possession of the landlords or their successors-in-interest on 3 lst July 1969
  and, therefore, the respondents were liable to restore the possession of the
  lands to the heirs of the tenant even though the tenant in the meantime had
F died in 1959. As all the requisite conditions for applicability of section
  32(1B) of the Act were found to have been satisfied the Special Additional
  Tahsildar, Nasik by his order dated 20th August 1971 directed the
   respondent-landlords to restore the lands to the heirs of the tenant under
   Section 32(IB) of the Act for personal cultivation. The said order was
G challenged by the landlords by filing Tenancy Appeal which came to be
   dismissed by Leave Reserve Deputy Collector, Nasik on I0th January 1972.
   Respondent-landlords carried the matter in revision before the Maharashtra
   Revenue Tribunal under Section 76 of the Act. That Revision Application
   was also dismissed. It is thereafter that the re~pondents, aggrieved by the
   order of the Revenue Tribunal dated 2nd March 1973, carried the matter
H in appeal under Article 227 of the Constitution of India to the High Court
               S.G. TELi v. M.Y. PATANKAR [S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.]                  751


    of Bombay. The only question argued before the High Court by the                   A
    respondents was as to whether the proceedings under Section 32(1B) of
    the Act for the benefit of the heirs of the original tenant could be maintained.
    The learned Single Judge of the High Court by his order dated !st March
    1978 persuaded himself to hold that such proceedings were not maintainable
    for the heirs of the erstwhile tenant and only the tenant could have initiated
    such proceeding and as he had died in 1959 and as during his lifetime he           B
    had taken no steps to get restoration of possession of the lands within two
    years from the date of dispossession as per Section 29 of the Act his tenancy
    rights had got extinguished and could not be inherited by the appellant-
    heirs and consequently the proceedings under Section 32(1B) of the Act
    were liable to be quashed on that ground. It is the aforesaid order of the
    learned Single Judge of the High Court which is brought in challenge in            C
    the present proceedings as noted earlier.

            At the time when this appeal was finally heard before us it was
      brought to our notice by learned counsel for the appellants that the aforesaid
      decision of the learned Single Judge which was reported in AIR ( 1979)
      Bombay 117 had been overruled by a Division Bench of the High Court              D
      of Bombay in the case of Pandarinath Sakharam Chavan v. Bhagwan
      Ramu Kate and Ors., AIR ( 1990) Bombay 203 and it has been held by the
      Division Bench of the High Court that such proceedings undeF section
      32( IB) of the Act were maintainable even at the instance of the heirs of
      the original deceased tenant if the statutory conditions for applicability of    E
    · the section were complied with.

          Learned counsel for the respondents on the other hand submitted
    that though the Division Bench of the High Court has overruled this
    judgment so far as these proceedings are concerned this Court may uphold
    the view of the learned Single Judge as the same is well sustained on the          F
    Scheme of the Act.

          Having given our anxious consideration to the rival contentions we
    find that on the express language of Section 32(1B) of the Act the view
    taken by the learned Single Judge of the High Court in the impugned                G
    judgment cannot be sustained. Section 32(1B) of the Act reads as under:
•
                   "32(1 B). Where a tenant who was in possession on the
                   appointed day and who on account of his being dispossessed
                   before the I st day of April 1957 otherwise than in the manner
                   and by an order of the Tahsildar as provided in section 29, is      H
    752                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A                not in possession of the land on the said date and the land is
                 in the possession of the landlord or his successor-in-interest
                 on the 31st day of July 1969 and the land is not P.ut to a non-
                 agricultural use on or before the last mentioned date, then,
                 the Tehsildar shall, notwithstanding anything contained in
                 the said section 29, either suo motu or on the application of
B                the tenant, hold an inquiry and direct that such land shall be
                 taken from the possession of the landlord or, as the case may
                 be, his successor-in-interest, and shall be restored to the tenant;
                 and thereafter, the provisions of this section and sections 32-
                 A to 32-R (both inclusive) shall, in so far as they may be
                 applicable, apply thereto, subject to the modification that
c                the tenant shall be deemed to have purchased the land on the
                 date on which tlle land is restored to him:

                 Provided that, the tenant shall be entitled to restoration of
                 the land under this sub-section only if he undertakes to
                 cultivate the land personally and of so much thereof as together
D                with the other land held by him as owner or tenant shall not
                 exceed the ceiling area.

                 Explanation_:_In this sub-section, 'successor-in-interest'
                 means a person who acquires the interest by testamentary
E                disposition or devolution on death.".

          A mere look at the said provision shows that for applicability of the
    said provision the following conditions must be satisfied:

          (I)    The tenant governed by the Act must be in possession on the
F
                 appointed day, that is, 15th June 1955.

          (2)    He should have been dispossessed before the tillers day, that
                 is, !st April 1957 otherwise than in the manner and by an
                 order of the Tahsildar as provided in Section 29.
G
          (3)     The said land must be in possession of the landlord or his
                  successor-in-interest on 31st day of July 1969.

          (4)     The land should not have been put to non-agricultural use by
H                 the landlord on or before the 31st day of July 1969.
          S.G. TEL!v. M.Y. PATANKAR[S.B. MAJMUDAR,J.]                  753


      Once the aforesaid four conditions are satisfied a statutory duty is A
cast on the Tahsildar notwithstanding anything contained in Section 29
either suo motu or on application of the tenant to hold an inquiry and
direct that such land shall be taken from the possession of the landlord or
his successor-in-interest and shall be restored to the tenant. Once that
happens the provisions of Section 32-A to 32-R of the Act will get attracted
and the concerned tenant would be declared deemed purchaser of the land B
on the day on which the land is restored to him. However the restoration
order will be subject to the undertaking of the tenant to cultivate the land
personally. There is no dispute in the present case that all the aforesaid
conditions are satisfied by the appellants. The High Court also has not
taken a contrary view on the applicability of these conditions, namely,
that the original tenant Savaliram Gotiram Teli was in possession of the C
lands on 15th June 1955, the appointed day. That he was dispossessed
before I st April 1957 by the respondent-landlords without following the
procedure of Section 29. That thereafter the lands remained in possession
of the respondents upto 31st July 1969 and they did not put the lands to
non-agricultural use. Once these conditions were satisfied in suo motu
proceedings taken out by the Tahsildar it was the statutory obligation of D
the Tahsildar to restore the lands to the tenant. Unfortunately by the time
these proceedings could be initiated and Section 32(1B) could operate the
tenant had died in 1959. It is only on this grounc) that the High Court took
the view that the tenant's heirs cannot get the benefit of section 32(1B) of
the Act. The learned Single Judge in order to come to this conclusion
placed reliance on two circumstances, (i) the tenant in his lifetime after E
dispossession had not taken steps to get restoration of possession under
section 29 of the Act within two years of dispossession; and (ii) the Section
nowhere expressly contemplated that the land could be restored to
successor-in-interest of the tenant when the Section itself provided that
the land could be in possession of landlord or his successor-in-interest
meaning thereby proceedings could be initiated even against the successor- F
in-interest of the landlord but the Section nowhere provided a similar
right in favour of the successor-in-interest of the tenant. In our view with
respect both these grounds are unsustainable for non-suiting the appellants.
So far as the first ground is concerned it has to be kept in view that
Section 32(18) of the Act itself operates on its own and includes within it    G
the non obstante clause meaning thereby overriding the provisions of Section
29 of the Act. This clearly means that whether the erstwhile tenant had
followed the provisions of section 29 or not for getting restoration of
possession of the land from the landlord within two years under Section
29 was irrelevant as a further locus penintentiae is given to such tenants
by the express language of section 32(1 B) of the Act and the said section     H
    754                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A would operate independently of and de hors Section 29. Unfortun~tely the ·
  effect in this non obs/ante clause is missed by the learned Single Judge of
  the High Court in the impugned judgment. The Division Bench in the case
  of Pandharinath (supra) has rightly pointed out the said tlaw in the
  judgment of the learned Single Judge. Once Section 32(JB) operates on
  its own independently of provisions of Section 29 of the Act the result
B becomes obvious, Section 40 of the Act then squarely gets attracted. Section
  40 reads thus:-

                 "S.40. (I) Where a tenant (other than a permanent tenant)
                 dies, the landlord shall be deemed to have continued the
                 tenancy on the same terms and conditions on which such
c                tenant was holding it at the time of his death, to such heir or
                 heirs of the deceased tenant as may be willing to continue
                 the tenancy.

                 (2) Where the tenancy is inherited by heirs other than the
                 widow of the deceased tenant, such widow shall have a charge
D                for maintenance on the profits of such land."

          The said Section provides for a deemed fiction about transmission
    of existing tenancy rights in favour of the heirs. Thus, by the time the
    tenant died in 1959, as his tenancy rights had not got extinguished by an
E   appropriate proceedings under section 29 at the instance of the landlord,
    those tenancy rights survived and could be transmitted under the statutory
    provisions of Section 40 in favour of the heirs of the erstwhile tenant who
    were obviously willing to continue as tenants. Consequently the appellants
    themselves got clothed with the rights of statutory tenants by operation of
    Section 40 of the Act. The result was that when Section 32(1B) operated
F   they fully satisfied the requirement of being statutory tenants of the land
    in question having the same terms and conditions of tenancy qua the
    respondent landlords and hence could claim their right of restoration of
    possession of the tenanted lands against the respondent-landlords on
    satisfaction of the required conditions of Section 32(1B) of the Act.
G
          The second ground which appealed to the learned Single Judge is
    also unsustainable for the simple reason that Section 32(1 B) of the Act
    was required to include a provision regarding restoration of possession by
    the successor-in-interest of landlords for the simple reason that the landlord
    might have died in the meantime and his interest in the land might have
H   been inherited by his successor-in-interest by way of testamentary succession
              S.G. TEL! v. M.Y. PATANKAR (S.B. MAJMUDAR, J.]                755

    or intestate succession and it could be urged by the successors-in-interest A
    that they were not the landlords who had illegally dispossessed the tenant.
    In order to avoid such a contingency and to rope in such successors-in-
    interest who were claiming through the erstwhile landlord and who were
    in possession ofland only because of the illegal dispossession of the tenant
    by their predecessor-in-interest, the Explanation had to be enacted to make
    his successor-in-interest answerable to the claim of erstwhile tenant under B
    the said section. Such is not the requirement so far as the tenant's heirs ·are
    concerned as the tenant being the aggrieved party can himself support the
    proceedings for restoration of possession or if he dies in the meantime and
    his tenancy rights get transmitted to his heirs under Section 40 of the Act,
    his heirs in their own right would become statutory tenants and can invoke
    the provisions ofthe Section against the landlord or his successor-in-interest. C

-   As there was no provision like Section 40 for transmission of landlord's
    right on his death, Explanation to Section 32(1 B) was required to be enacted
    for making the said provision fully operative in such contingencies. The
    learned Single Judge took the view that Section 40 was out of picture as
    the tenancy rights of the erstwhile tenant had got extinguished on account
    of non-compliance of Section 29 of the Act. Once that reasoning gets D
    displaced by the express provision of non obstante clause in the Section
    excluding the operation of Section 29 for the applicability of Section
    32(1B), Section 40 gets attracted. Hence the non-mentioning of successor-
    in-interest of the tenant in the Section pales into insignificance as seen
    above. Jn our view with respect the learned Single Judge was patently in E
    error when he held that application under Section 32(1B) moved by the
    heirs of the erstwhile tenant could not be maintained even though all the
    statutory conditions for applicability of the Section were satisfied. It has
    to be kept in view that the tillers day legislation is based on the legislative
    intent that all the tillers of the soil, namely, the tenants would become
    deemed purchasers of the lands on I st April 1957. Only in circumstances F
    where the erstwhile tenants got illegally dispossessed prior to I st April
     1957, a question would arise as to what is to be done about them and that
    is the reason why Legislature gave a locus penintentiae to such displaced
    tenants to apply for restoration of possession from the landlords on
    satisfying the conditions laid down in the Section and once those conditions G
    are satisfied the estate of the tenant would get enlarged into full ownership
•
    so far as the tenanted lands are concerned. Thus it was a statutory right
    inhering in the estate of the erstwhile tenant which obviously could be
    pressed in service not only by the tenant himself but by his heirs and legal
    representatives who also can claim the statutory right to purchase these
    lands being a right inherited by them from the erstwhile tenant having a H
    756                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS I 1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A direct nexus with the proprietary rights in the land. For all these reasons,
    therefore, the judgment under appeal must be held to be erroneous in law
    and the said judgment was rightly overruled by the Division Bench of the
    High Court in the case of Pandharinath (supra).

           In the result this appeal succeeds and is allowed. The judgment and
B order of the learned Single Judge of the High Court are quashed and set
    aside and instead the judgment and order rendered by the Maharashtra
    Revenue Tribunal as confirming the orders of the Special Additional
    Tahsildar dated 20th August 1971 and that of Leave Reserve Deputy
    Collector, Nasik dated 10th January 1972 are restored. In the facts and
    circumstances of the case there will be no order as to costs.
c
    H.K.                                                     Appeal allowed.