SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIAversusV SHANKAR

                         [2023] 6 S.C.R. 419                               419


       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA                              A
                                   v.
                            V SHANKAR
                    (Civil Appeal No. 527 of 2023)
                        FEBRUARY 08, 2023                                  B
        [DR. DHANANJAYA Y CHANDRACHUD, CJI,
         PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA AND
                 J B PARDIWALA, JJ.]
       SEBI (Buyback of Securities) Regulations, 1998 – Regulation
                                                                           C
19(3) – Interpretation of – Notice to show cause was issued by the
Whole Time Member (WTM) of SEBI to Deccan Chronicle Holdings
Limited (DCHL), its Chairperson, Vice-chairperson and Company
Secretary-respondent herein – A penalty of Rs.10 lakhs was imposed
on the respondent – Respondent was held liable on the ground that
he was the Company Secretary when a buyback offer worth Rs.270             D
crores was made by the company in violation of regulatory provisions
– Order set aside by the Securities Appellate Tribunal – On appeal,
held: Regulation 19(3) requires the company to nominate a
compliance officer and an investors’ service centre – The purpose
of the nomination is twofold- to ensure compliance with the buyback
                                                                           E
Regulations; and to redress the grievances of investors – There is a
patent error on the part of the Tribunal in interpreting the
Regulations – The Tribunal held that the role of the respondent,
who was a Company Secretary, compliance officer, was limited to
redressing the grievances of investors – In arriving at the finding,
the Tribunal relied upon the latter part of Regulation 19(3) which         F
deals with redressal of the grievances of investors – However, the
Tribunal missed the crucial point that the compliance officer is also
required to ensure compliance with the buyback regulations, as
expressly stipulated in Regulation 19(3) – Interpretation of
Regulation 19(3) by the Tribunal is contrary to its plain terms –
                                                                           G
Impugned order set aside – Proceedings remitted back to the Tribunal
for fresh consideration in the light of the interpretation as aforesaid–
Securities and Exchange Board of India Act 1992 – s.12A(a), (b) &
(c), s.15HA – Companies Act 1956 – ss.68, 77A – Securities and
Exchange Board of India (Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair
                                                                           H
                                  419
420             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2023] 6 S.C.R.


A     Trade Practices relating to the Securities Market) Regulations 2003
      – Regulations 3(a)-(d), 4(1), 4(2)(f), (k) and (r).
              Mr Bhuwaneshwar Mishra v. SEBI (decision of
              Securities Appellate Tribunal dtd. 31st July 2014 in
              Appeal No 7 of 2014); Brooks Laboratories Limited &
B             Ors v. SEBI (decision of Securities Appellate Tribunal
              dtd. 21 March 2018 in Appeal No 266 of 2016) –
              referred to.
              CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 527 of
      2023.
C          From the Judgment and Order dated 01.11.2022 of the Securities
      Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai in Appeal No. 283 of 2022.
            Arvind P. Datar, Sr. Adv., Pratap Venugopal, Ms. Surekha Raman,
      Akhil Abraham Roy, Abhishek Anand, Ms. Unnimaya S., M/s. K J John
      and Co., Advs. for the Appellant.
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           Somasekhar Sundaresan, Lakshmeesh S. Kamath, Ms. Samriti
      Ahuja, Advs. for the Respondent.

              The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
              DR. DHANANJAYA Y CHANDRACHUD, CJI
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              1. Admit.
            2. The appeal by the Securities and Exchange Board of India 1
      under Section 15Z of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act
      19922 arises from a judgment dated 1 November 2022 of the Securities
F     Appellate Tribunal3.
             3. The Tribunal, while allowing the appeal by the respondent, set
      aside an order dated 22 March 2022 of the Whole Time Member4 under
      Section 15HA of the SEBI Act by which a penalty of Rs Ten lakhs was
      imposed on the respondent for violating of Sections 68 and 77A of the
G     Companies Act 1956 and Regulations 3(a), (b), (c), (d), 4(1), 4(2)(f), (k)
      and (r) of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Prohibition of
      Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices relating to the Securities Market)
      1
        “SEBI”
      2
        “SEBI Act”
      3
        “Tribunal”
      4
H        “WTM”
       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA v.                             421
    V SHANKAR [DR. DHANANJAYA Y CHANDRACHUD, CJI]

Regulations 20035 read with Sections 12A (a), (b) and (c) of the SEBI        A
Act.
      4. The respondent was a Company Secretary of Deccan Chronicle
Holdings Limited6 for two years, 2009-10 and 2010-11.
       5. On 3 August 2017, a notice to show cause was issued by the
WTM of SEBI to DCHL, its Chairperson, Vice-chairperson and the               B
respondent to show cause as to why an enquiry should not be held against
them, followed by the imposition of a penalty. The respondent participated
in the enquiry. The WTM proceeded to hold the respondent liable on the
ground that he was a Company Secretary during the Financial Year
2010-11 when a buyback offer worth Rupees 270 crores was made by             C
the company in violation of regulatory provisions.
       6. The WTM found that the respondent had ascribed his signatures
on the public announcement for buyback in his capacity as a Company
Secretary. The finding against the respondent was that as a ‘statutory
official’ of the company, he should have exercised due diligence and         D
checked the veracity of the buyback offer documents and legal compliance
before authenticating them and signing the public announcement which
was found to have violated the provisions of the Companies Act 1956.
The WTM held the respondent liable for the conduct of the company in
connection with the buyback of its equity shares without adequate free
reserves which was found to have misled the investors/shareholders.          E
The respondent was held liable for violating the provisions of Sections
68 and 77A of the Companies Act 1956 and of the provisions of the
PFUTP Regulations together with cognate provisions of the SEBI Act.
       7. In appeal, the order of the WTM has been set aside by the
Tribunal on 1 November 2022. The findings which have been arrived at         F
by the Tribunal are encapsulated in paragraphs 14 and 15 of the impugned
order. The Tribunal has, during the course of its decision held that once
the offer and the balance sheet were approved by the Board of Directors,
the duty of the Company Secretary was “only to authenticate the contents
indicated in the balance sheet and in the offer document”. In other words,   G
according to the Tribunal, the respondent was not required to enquire
into the veracity of the buyback offer documents. In coming to the
conclusion that the obligation to comply was essentially placed on the
5
    “PFUTP Regulations”
6
    “DCHL”                                                                   H
422            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2023] 6 S.C.R.


A     Board of Directors and not on the respondent as Company Secretary,
      the Tribunal has relied on the provisions of Regulation 19(3) of the SEBI
      (Buyback of Securities) Regulations 1998 which is in the following terms:
            “19(3) The company shall nominate a compliance officer and
            investors service centre for compliance with the buy-back
B           regulations and to redress the grievances of the investors.”
             8. The manner in which the Tribunal has construed the above
      regulation is indicated in paragraph 18 of the impugned order which reads
      as follows :
            “18. The aforesaid provision indicates that the company will
C           nominate a Compliance Officer to redress the grievances of the
            investors. The appellant being a Company Secretary was also a
            Compliance Officer and thus the role of the Compliance Officer
            was only limited to redress the grievance to the investors.”
            9. Mr Arvind Datar, senior counsel appearing on behalf of the
D     appellant urges that :
            (i) Ex facie, the interpretation which has been placed on
                Regulation 19(3) is erroneous;
            (ii) Section 77A of the Companies Act 1956 which deals with
                 the power of the company to purchase its own securities lays
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                 down various requirements;
            (iii) In terms of Section 215 of the Companies Act 1956, the balance
                  sheet and profit and loss account have to be approved by the
                  Board of Directors before they are signed on behalf of the
                  Board and before they are submitted to the auditors for their
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                  report;
            (iv) The duty of authentication cannot be confined to merely a
                 signature on the relevant statutory documents;
            (v) There was a patent failure on the part of the respondent since
G               as a Company Secretary, it was his duty to duly certify
                statutory compliances;
            (vi) The Tribunal was not justified in absolving him on the ground
                 that it was for the Board of Directors to ensure compliance;
                 and
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    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA v.                                 423
 V SHANKAR [DR. DHANANJAYA Y CHANDRACHUD, CJI]

      (vii) The observation in paragraph 18 of the impugned order to          A
            the effect that the role of the Company Secretary is only
            confined to redressing the grievance of investors is plainly
            contrary to Regulation 19(3).
      10. On the other hand, Mr. Somasekhar Sundaresan, counsel
appearing on behalf of the respondent submitted that :                        B
      (i) The primary finding that has been arrived at is in regard to
          the failure of the Board of Directors to ensure statutory
          compliance;
      (ii) The respondent was acting as a Company Secretary and
           cannot be held liable for the default on the part of the Board     C
           of Directors;
      (iii) Moreover, the finding is that the accounts of the companies
            were found to be erroneous and the default lies with the
            Board of Directors and not with the Company Secretary.
                                                                              D
       11. Regulation 19(3) of the SEBI (Buyback of Securities)
Regulations 1998 requires the company to nominate a compliance officer
and an investors’ service centre. The purpose of the nomination is twofold,
namely (i) to ensure compliance with the buyback Regulations; and (ii)
to redress the grievances of investors. There is a patent error on the
part of the Tribunal in interpreting the Regulations. The Tribunal held       E
that the role of the respondent, who was a Company Secretary,
compliance officer, was limited to redressing the grievances of investors.
In arriving at the finding, the Tribunal has relied upon the latter part of
Regulation 19(3) which deals with redressal of the grievances of
investors. The crucial point which has been missed by the Tribunal is         F
that the compliance officer is also required to ensure compliance with
the buyback regulations. Regulation 19(3) of the Regulations expressly
so stipulates. Since the interpretation which has been placed by the
Tribunal on the interpretation of 19(3) is contrary to the plain terms of
Regulation 19(3), we set aside the impugned decision and remit the
proceedings back to the Tribunal for consideration of the facts afresh in     G
the light of the interpretation which has been placed above on the
provisions of Regulation 19(3).
       12. Mr Arvind Datar, senior counsel, has placed reliance on the
prior decisions of the Tribunal in Mr Bhuwaneshwar Mishra Vs SEBI
(decided on 31 July 2014 in Appeal No 7 of 2014) and Brooks                   H
424              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2023] 6 S.C.R.


A     Laboratories Limited & Ors Vs SEBI (decided on 21 March 2018 in
      Appeal No 266 of 2016). Mr Somasekhar Sundaresan, counsel appearing
      on behalf of the respondent has urged that these decisions are
      distinguishable. Since we are remitting the proceedings back for a fresh
      consideration, we keep the rights and contentions of the parties including
      on the prior decisions which have been relied upon in the present appeal
B
      open to be urged before the Tribunal on remand.
            13. For the above reasons, the appeal is allowed and the impugned
      order of the Tribunal dated 1 November 2022 is set aside. Appeal No
      283 of 2022 shall stand restored to the file of the Tribunal for a decision
      afresh.
C
             14. The Tribunal shall endeavour to decide the case within a
      period of six months from the date on which a certified copy of this
      order is placed on its record.
             15. Pending applications, if any, stand disposed of.
D
      Divya Pandey                                                  Appeal allowed.
      (Assisted by : Roopanshi Virang, LCRA)




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