D Y CHANDRACHUD

The victim was allegedly raped and set on fire by the accused, Shailendra Kumar Rai, and later died of septicemia caused by the burn injuries. While on her way to death she gave a statement to police officer Lallan Prasad, which was read back to her, signed, and later treated as a dying declaration. The Sessions Court …

Six accused were convicted for murder and related offences; three (1,2,4) received death sentences while the other three (3,5,6) were sentenced to life imprisonment. The State appealed for enhancement of the sentences of 3,5,6, and the Supreme Court bench dismissed the appeals of 1,2,4 and imposed death on 3,5,6. Revie…

The Supreme Court examined the computation of compensation under Sections 163‑A, 166 and 168 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 in death claims, focusing on the appropriate multiplier, the addition of future prospects to the deceased's income, and the quantification of conventional heads such as loss of estate, loss of co…

The Supreme Court examined the legality of two towers (T-16 and T-17) constructed by Supertech Limited in the Emerald Court project in NOIDA. It held that the revised plans violated the National Building Regulations 2006 and 2010, as well as the National Building Code 2005, because the distance between the new towers a…

The appellant and the first respondent were partners in a firm and later fell into a dispute involving alleged forgery of partnership documents and non‑payment of dues, leading to an FIR under Sections 405, 420, 465, 467, 468 and 471 IPC. The first respondent moved the Gujarat High Court under Section 482 CrPC to quash…

The Ministry of Environment granted environmental clearance on 5 January 2021 for expanding a refinery at Vadinar, Gujarat from 20 to 46 MMTPA. The appellant, Sanghar Zuber Ismail, challenged the clearance before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), alleging that the expansion would damage mangroves and marine biology. T…

The appellants, Chilakamarthi Venkateswarlu and others, were accused by a close relative (the de facto complainant) in a criminal complaint (PRC No.2 of 2018) for offences under IPC sections 307, 323, 427, 447 and 506(2) read with 34. The appellants claimed the complaint was a retaliatory false allegation arising from …

The appellant purchased a motor vehicle at an auction from a bank that had lifted its hypothecation lien and paid the insurance premium to the insurer, which issued a policy in the name of the original owner but also listed the appellant’s address. The vehicle was stolen shortly after purchase, and the insurer denied t…

The Supreme Court, hearing a suo motu writ petition concerning the management of the COVID‑19 pandemic, examined the Central Government's Liberalised Vaccination Policy, which shifted free vaccination for the 18‑44 age group to State/UT governments and private hospitals and introduced differential pricing. The petition…

Mongia Realty and Buildwell Pvt. Ltd. (appellant) sued Manik Sethi (respondent) for recovery of alleged business loans, claiming the loans were repayable within one year of the last instalment and that the suit was filed within the limitation period. The respondent denied any loan relationship, asserting the payments w…

The respondents were initially appointed as contract Assistant Managers in 2000 and were regularised in 2006, but their regularisation was cancelled in 2007. The High Court set aside the cancellation and ordered their reinstatement with continuity of service from 12 September 2007, but without any monetary benefits for…

The respondent applied for a constable position in the Odisha State Police, declaring that he was not involved in any criminal case. Verification later revealed his involvement in a case under multiple IPC sections, leading to his discharge and an Original Application (OA) before the Odisha Administrative Tribunal, whi…

The Chancellor of Kannur University re‑appointed Dr. Gopinath Ravindran as Vice‑Chancellor for a second four‑year term after the expiry of his first term, despite a pending selection process and a statutory age limit of sixty years. The petitioners challenged the re‑appointment on grounds that (i) re‑appointment is not…

NHPC Ltd appealed against a Punjab and Haryana High Court order that, under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, required it to release the amount awarded to M/s Patel Engineering Ltd, subject to a bank guarantee. The appellant contended that the High Court had acted beyond its jurisdiction because …

A fifth respondent filed a petition in the Allahabad High Court claiming public interest, seeking a direction that the State Government construct a new Tehsil building at Village Karanpur Mafi, a site adjoining his own land. The High Court, relying on the State's financial sanction, ordered the State to take all steps …

The Supreme Court had directed the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) to postpone pronouncing its judgment in a pending appeal until the result of Finolex Cables Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was declared. Despite being apprised of this order, the NCLAT bench pronounced its judgment on 13 October …

The petitioner, a Scheduled Caste student, secured a seat in Electrical Engineering at IIT Dhanbad after ranking 1455 in his category in JEE Advanced 2024. He attempted to pay the required admission fee of Rs 17,500 before the 5 pm deadline on 24 June 2024, logging into the portal six times between 3:12 pm and 4:57 pm,…

The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) procured power through competitive bidding but accepted tariffs and quantities that deviated from standard bidding guidelines, leading to the execution of Power Supply Agreements (PSAs) for 865 MW. KSEB sought approval of these PSAs from the Kerala State Electricity Regulatory …

A truck transporting eighteen cattle was intercepted for lacking proper permits, leading to seizure of the animals and registration of FIRs under the Maharashtra Animal Preservation Act and related statutes. The private respondents, claiming ownership, applied under CrPC sections 451 and 457 for interim custody, which …

The appellant was charged in a FIR for the murder of two sons of the complainant, along with several other offences. Although not named in the FIR, his involvement emerged during investigation and he was later added to the charge‑sheet under Section 161 of the CrPC. The trial court denied bail, but the Allahabad High C…

The Supreme Court considered several petitions concerning the determination of arbitrators' fees under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Court held that arbitrators cannot unilaterally issue binding orders determining their own fees, as this violates party autonomy and the principle that one cannot be a j…

Reliance Commercial Finance Ltd (RCFL) issued non‑convertible debentures and defaulted in March 2019. The RBI issued a prudential framework requiring lenders to enter into an inter‑creditor agreement (ICA) before a resolution plan, and SEBI later issued a circular on 13 Oct 2020 standardising the procedure for debentur…

Gaurav Kumar filed a writ petition challenging the fees levied by State Bar Councils (SBCs) at the time of enrolment, alleging that the amounts far exceed the Rs. 750 (general) and Rs. 125 (SC/ST) prescribed in Section 24(1)(f) of the Advocates Act, 1961, and that additional miscellaneous fees are being made a conditio…

The appellant, a private hydel project developer, entered into an agreement with the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) to set up a 21 MW captive power plant and to receive free power, subject to KSEB constructing a transmission line. The plant was completed, but KSEB delayed the transmission line, preventing power …

The plaintiff paid Rs.31.5 lakh of the Rs.32 lakh purchase price for land but the defendant failed to execute the sale deed. The plaintiff sued for specific performance, and the trial court ordered the defendant to execute the deed and receive the balance Rs.50,000. Before the decree was final, the land was acquired by…

The Supreme Court, exercising suo motu jurisdiction under Article 32, examined the humanitarian crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and issued directions to the Union and State governments on the supply of oxygen, essential drugs, and vaccines, as well as on hospital admission policies and protection of individuals …

Snowtex Investment Ltd., a non‑banking financial company, incurred a loss from share trading in AY 2008‑09 and sought to set off that loss against profits earned from futures and options trading. The assessing officer treated the share‑trading loss as a speculation loss and disallowed the set‑off, holding that futures …

The Anugraha Narayan Sinha Institute of Social Studies, incorporated under the 1964 Act, adopted a retirement benefit scheme in 1985 that it said would be funded from its own resources. The Institute's employees later sought a writ directing the State of Bihar to pay pension arrears after payments stopped in 2014. The …

The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) filed a writ petition fearing that the Union Government would unilaterally appoint the Chief Secretary of the Territory and extend his tenure without the GNCTD’s consent. The petition sought a restraining order and the appointment of a senior AGMUT offic…

The Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL) sought permission to fell an additional 84 trees in the Aarey forest for a ramp segment of its Metro Line‑3 car depot. Earlier, permissions had been granted for 2,185 trees (car depot) and 235 trees (ramp), of which 2,144 and 212 respectively had already been cut. The m…

The appellants were accused of illegally purchasing, transporting and exporting iron ore without the requisite mining dispatch permits, violating the Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and related environmental statutes. A Special Court, which is a Sessions Court, took cognizance of the offences o…

The appellant, the son of a murdered village sarpanch, sought to overturn a High Court order that granted bail to the 60‑year‑old second respondent accused of conspiring in his father's murder. The prosecution alleged that the respondent used multiple SIM cards to communicate with a hired shooter, stored the weapons us…

Dr. Sushil Kumar Tripathi was appointed as Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science of Jagadguru Ram Bhadracharya Handicapped University under a UGC grant for the Tenth Five Year Plan. After protesting a monthly deduction of Rs.5,000 from his salary, his annual increments were stopped and the universi…

The case involved a robbery in which five accused, including Ganesan (A1) and Shanmugam (A3), allegedly used knives and iron rods to assault victims and steal cash and jewellery. The trial court convicted all accused under Section 397 IPC, imposing a minimum seven‑year term, and the conviction was affirmed by the appel…

The case arose from the suicide of a driver who left a note alleging that his employer, a Special Land Acquisition Officer, had amassed wealth disproportionate to his known income and had threatened the driver, leading to his death. The driver’s brother filed a complaint, resulting in an FIR for abetment of suicide und…

The case involved six accused persons charged under the Customs Act for allegedly exporting sandalwood and tiles clandestinely. The trial courts in two separate proceedings acquitted all accused, but the Madras High Court convicted them in a common judgment, relying on evidence from only one of the trials. The Supreme …

The appellant, a hospital director, was detained under the National Security Act (NSA) on 12 May 2021 for allegedly procuring fake Remdesivir injections. He filed a representation against the detention on 18 May 2021, which was communicated to the State and Central Governments, but the authorities delayed considering i…

The appellant, a Scheduled Caste victim, filed an FIR under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for the murder of his brother. The first respondent was granted bail by the Rajasthan High Court without any notice or opportunity to be heard being given to the victim, contrary to the mandatory requirements of Section…

Heem Singh, a Rajasthan police constable, was dismissed after a departmental enquiry found him guilty of misconduct for allegedly committing murder while on leave. He had been acquitted of the murder charge in a criminal trial because key witnesses turned hostile and the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasona…

The appellant, an unmarried woman in a consensual relationship, sought to terminate a 22‑week pregnancy under Section 3(2)(b) of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act and Rule 3B of the MTP Rules. The Delhi High Court held that Rule 3B applied only to married women and denied the relief, prompting a Special Le…

Prakash Kumar Dixit was removed from service in 1995; the Delhi High Court set aside the removal, imposed a minor penalty and ordered his reinstatement with backdated seniority, but the order was not implemented timely and he was denied promotion to IG before retirement. He initiated contempt proceedings, and a Single …

The Maharashtra Chess Association, a society affiliated to the All India Chess Federation, was disaffiliated by the Federation and filed a writ petition in the Bombay High Court under Article 226 challenging the action. The Federation invoked Clause 21 of its Constitution and Bye‑laws, which stipulated that any suit ag…

The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) demanded Infrastructure & Amenities (I&A) charges and premium Floor Space Index (FSI) charges from Prestige Estates after it applied for planning permission for a multi‑storeyed building. The State Government later issued a G.O. increasing I&A rates by 50% and direc…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the AICTE issued a circular relaxing admission criteria for PGDM/MBA courses, which the first respondent sought to extend to B.Tech engineering admissions in Odisha. The High Court directed the State Government to admit B.Tech students based on qualifying exam marks, issuing a mandamus des…

A 14‑year‑old girl, X, who alleged sexual assault, became pregnant and sought termination of her pregnancy beyond the statutory 24‑week limit. The High Court denied the request, relying on a clarificatory opinion of a medical board that did not assess the impact on X's physical and mental health. The Supreme Court set …

The petitioners, a group of CA examination candidates, sought a re‑scheduling of two papers slated for 8 May and 14 May 2024, arguing that these dates fell a day after phase‑wise polling in the General Elections and would cause severe hardship to those exercising their franchise. They highlighted that only 291 cities h…

The MP High Court Bar Association filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging the amendment to the Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) and Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunals (DRATs) Electronic Filing Rules, 2020, which made e‑filing of pleadings mandatory in all cases from 31 January 2023. The petition argued that the…

The Union Government approved a greenfield international airport at Mopa, Goa, and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) granted environmental clearance (EC) under the 2006 notification after the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) recommended it. Petitioners Hanuman Laxman Aroskar and the Federation of Rainbow W…

Vedanta Limited operates a copper smelter at the SIPCOT industrial complex in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board and the State Government ordered its closure for repeated violations of environmental norms, including operating without consent, improper hazardous waste management, and dumping…

The Supreme Court was asked to consider whether, under its Article 142 powers, it could issue blanket directions that all interim stays granted by High Courts should automatically lapse after six months and that High Courts must dispose of such cases on a day‑to‑day basis. The Court examined the object of interim order…

The petitioners, wards of serving railway employees, sought appointment under the Largess Scheme, which allowed entry into railway service without competitive examination. The Punjab and Haryana High Court and the Supreme Court had earlier directed the Union of India to reconsider the scheme on constitutional grounds. …

Four Indian Air Force officers were granted Premature Separation from Service (PSS) under the Air Force Human Resource Policy, subsequently withdrew their requests and sought to continue in service. The Air Headquarters rejected their withdrawal applications, citing Paragraph 18 of the policy which permits withdrawal o…

The petitioners applied for direct recruitment to the Uttar Pradesh Higher Judicial Service (UPHJS) but were debarred because they exceeded the age ceiling prescribed in Rule 12 of the UP Higher Judicial Service Rules, 1975. They challenged the constitutional validity of Rule 8(1), which mandates recruitment at interva…

The appellant, R.R. Inamdar, a Scheduled Caste teacher, was promoted to the solitary post of Lecturer in English in a Karnataka school based on roster points. The senior fifth respondent, who was appointed earlier, challenged the appointment, arguing that reservation under Article 16(4) could not apply to a solitary po…

The parties, married in 2009, have been living apart since 2016, with the mother, Mrs. Ritika Sharan, caring for their son Sattik while employed in Singapore. The father, Mr. Sujoy Ghosh, obtained interim orders from the Family Court restraining the mother from taking the child out of Bengaluru and granting him visitat…

The appellants were appointed as clerks on an ad hoc basis in 1975‑76 and were regularized on 3 May 1977 with seniority backdated to 1 April 1977. A 1991 writ petition had granted them seniority by counting their ad hoc service, but the High Court later redrew the seniority list excluding ad hoc periods, a decision cha…

The Commissioner of Service Tax appealed against M/s. Adani Gas Ltd. challenging the taxability of charges collected for supplying pipelines and measurement (SKID) equipment to gas consumers. The issue was whether Section 65(105)(zzzzj) of the Finance Act, 1994 applied, i.e., whether the supply of such tangible goods f…

The case concerned the seniority of Assistant Engineers in Uttar Pradesh who were initially appointed on an ad‑hoc basis in 1985 and later regularised in December 1989 under the Uttar Pradesh Regularisation of Ad hoc Appointments Rules (1979, 1989). The petitioners challenged a seniority list prepared in 2016 that coun…

During the 2015 Kerala budget presentation, several opposition MLAs climbed onto the Speaker's dais and damaged furniture, leading to a criminal case under IPC sections 427, 447, 34 and the Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act, 1984. The public prosecutor sought to withdraw the prosecution under Section 321 of t…

The Punjab government, through its Council of Ministers, recommended that the Governor summon the Vidhan Sabha for its Budget Session on 3 March 2023. The Governor sought extensive information from the Chief Minister under Article 167 and, after receiving a tweet and a letter that he deemed derogatory, said he would se…

The appellant Bank of India debited Rs.27.41 lakh from the respondent Brindavan Agro Industries as 50% of processing and TEV study charges before the loan was sanctioned. The respondent filed a complaint under Section 17 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, seeking a full refund, and the State and National Consumer Di…

The respondent, a hospital employee, challenged his superannuation order by filing a writ petition under Article 226 against Ramakrishna Mission and its hospital, alleging that the institution was a 'State' within Art.12 and thus amenable to writ jurisdiction. The High Court initially held the Mission to be a State and…

The appellants hypothecated goods to The Surat People’s Co‑operative Bank and were required to insure them. The bank, acting as a corporate agent, obtained fire and special perils policies from New India Assurance, but for the 2005‑06 period the Rs 60 lakh policy expressly excluded storm, flood and inundation (STFI) pe…

The appellant, a news‑channel editor, was arrested in November 2020 in connection with an FIR under Sections 306 and 34 of the IPC alleging his role in the suicide of a contractor who claimed unpaid dues. He filed a petition under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution and Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quashing of the …

The appellant filed a suit for injunction to prevent the defendant from obstructing possession of agricultural land, and six months later filed a suit for specific performance of the same agreement to sell. The trial court dismissed the specific performance suit, holding that the appellant had omitted to claim that rel…

State Bank of India (SBI) appealed an order of the NCLT rejecting its IBC petition against India Power Corporation Limited. The appeal was filed three days after the statutory 30‑day period, and SBI sought condonation of delay, relying on a free certified copy of the NCLT order sent under Rule 50. A split decision aros…

The Madras High Court, in an interim order, altered Rule 29(4) of the Copyright Rules, 2013 by allowing broadcasters to furnish notice details within fifteen days after a broadcast and treating the 24‑hour exception as a routine procedure. Saregama India Ltd and other appellants challenged this order, arguing that the …

The appellant, Mahadev Meena, filed a complaint after his son, an IB officer, was found dead under suspicious circumstances. The FIR alleged that the first respondent, Praveen Rathore, an anti‑corruption bureau constable, had a close relationship with the deceased's wife and was involved in a conspiracy to murder, with…

The case involved the disappearance and subsequent discovery of the decomposed bodies of a young couple, Kumari Brinda and Kanhaiya, who were found hanging from a tree. The prosecution alleged that Chandrapal, the appellant, conspired with others to murder the couple and later staged the deaths as suicides, relying on …

The State of Uttar Pradesh challenged the appointment of three teachers in two minority colleges, arguing that the selection process was not complete because the District Inspector of Schools (DIOS) had not approved the proposals before the amendment of Regulation 17. The colleges contended that once the management for…

The case concerned claims by thousands of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) workers who had been employed as temporary, badli or part‑time staff between 20 May 1985 and 4 March 1991, seeking regularisation (absorption) under the Srivastav Award and earlier Tulpule and Jamdar Awards. The Supreme Court examined w…

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC) entered into a contract with Discovery Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. (DEPL), a member of the DP Jindal Group, which contained an arbitration clause. ONGC sought to bind Jindal Drilling and Industries Ltd. (JDIL), a non‑signatory affiliate, invoking the group‑of‑companies doctrine, an…

The appellant, a known acquaintance of the victim's family, entered the home of a blind Scheduled Caste woman and raped her, after which he was apprehended at the scene. The trial courts convicted him under Section 376(1) of the IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocit…

Lok Prahari, a society, challenged the constitutional validity of Rule 39-AA of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and the proviso to Section 33 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, alleging violations of Article 80(4), Article 14 of the Constitution and Section 123(2) of the Act. The petitioner argued that …

The Supreme Court examined civil appeals filed by State Bank of India and other banks challenging the classification of borrowers' accounts as fraudulent under the RBI's 2016 Master Directions on Frauds. Borrowers contended that the directions denied them a hearing before such classification, violating the principles o…

The appellant, an Auxiliary Nurse Midwife appointed in 1980, submitted a resignation on 18 April 1993 but withdrew it on 23 November 1993 before it was accepted. Despite the withdrawal, the State later accepted the resignation effective from 31 March 1993, leading to a series of writ petitions under Article 226. The Hi…

The retired Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF) of Madhya Pradesh, who retired in 2001, sought a higher pension by invoking the Indian Forests Service (Pay) Second Amendment Rules, 2008 which created an apex scale of Rs.80,000 for the upgraded post of Head of Forest Force. The Central Administrative Tribunal …

The Oriental Insurance Company appointed Pradip as an Assistant on the basis of a caste certificate claiming he belonged to the Dhangad Scheduled Tribe, whereas he actually belonged to the Dhangar community, a non‑ST group. The Scrutiny Committee invalidated his claim, but Pradip filed a writ petition seeking protectio…

Nasima Naqi, the wife of a deceased tenant, continued to occupy a shop premises let for non‑residential purposes since 1988. After the tenant's death in 2002, the landlord sued for eviction alleging default in rent and that the statutory five‑year protection for heirs under the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, 1997 ha…

The State of Tamil Nadu removed two Treasury officers, M. Mangayarkarasi and M. Jayalakshmi, for misappropriating large sums by sanctioning bogus bills. The officers challenged the removal, arguing that other staff charged with similar offences received only stoppage of increments, invoking the principle of parity of t…

The State of Haryana sought a direction to conduct the entire recruitment of Junior Civil Judges through the Haryana Public Service Commission and to modify the Supreme Court's 12 February 2009 order that had placed the selection under a committee comprising High Court judges, the State, and the Commission. The Court e…

M/s Supreme Bhiwandi Wada Manor Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, a road‑construction contractor, alleged that four of its employees fabricated land‑ownership documents and misappropriated about Rs 5.08 crore intended for farmer compensation. A complaint led a Metropolitan Magistrate to order a police investigation under Section…

The Union Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued orders on 31 October 2018 and 27 October 2020 authorising the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) to investigate several Sahara group companies under sections 212 and 219 of the Companies Act, 2013. The Delhi High Court, hearing writ petitions under Article 226, stay…

MBL & Co Ltd was found by SEBI’s Whole Time Member (WTM) to have engaged in manipulative self‑trades, placing single‑share buy orders after large sell orders to artificially raise the price of Gujarat NRE Coke Ltd. The WTM barred MBL from trading in its proprietary account for four years under Sections 11, 11(4), 11B a…

The Haryana government awarded concession agreements to Rapid Metrorail Gurgaon Ltd (RMGL) and Rapid Metrorail Gurgaon South Ltd (RMGSL) for two metro projects, which were later terminated by both parties amid allegations of fraud against the IL&FS group. The State agencies HSVP and HMRTC approached the High Court unde…

The Supreme Court examined whether, before the Finance Act 2008 amendment, an assessing officer could extend the time for filing a special audit report under s.142(2C) of the Income Tax Act without an application by the assessee. The Delhi High Court had held that such power did not exist, rendering the assessment barr…

The insured, a manager who obtained a home loan with a personal accident insurance rider, died in Mozambique after contracting encephalitis malaria from a mosquito bite. His spouse and father claimed the death benefit, arguing that the bite was an unforeseen event constituting an accident. The insurer contended that de…

The State of Madhya Pradesh seized a tractor and trolley used for illegal sand excavation from the Chambal river under Section 52 of the Forest Act, 1927 (as amended by MP Act 25 of 1983) and initiated confiscation proceedings under Section 52(3). The respondent sought interim release of the seized vehicle under CrPC S…

Commander Seema Chaudhary, a Short Service Commissioned officer in the Indian Navy's Judge Advocate General's Branch, was denied a Permanent Commission (PC) on the ground of lack of vacancies despite the Supreme Court's earlier directions in Lieutenant Commander Annie Nagaraja's case that women SSC officers be consider…

The appellants filed a petition under Sections 241 and 242 of the Companies Act, 2013 alleging oppression and mismanagement, and the NCLT issued an ex‑parte ad‑interim order on 5 October 2020. The respondents appealed to the NCLAT, which set aside the NCLT order on the ground that it violated natural justice and remitt…

The case concerned a Sub‑Inspector of the Railway Protection Force, Rajendra Kumar Dubey, who was compulsorily retired on 5 December 2007 for gross neglect of duty relating to theft of railway property. Dubey challenged the retirement in a writ petition, and the Bombay High Court set aside the order, reinstating him wi…

The appellant, Om Rathod, a student with lower‑limb myopathy, secured a high All‑India PwD rank in the NEET‑UG 2024 exam but was declared ineligible for MBBS admission by the AIIMS‑Nagpur Medical Board, which assessed his disability at 88%—above the 80% ceiling in the RPWD guidelines. The High Court upheld the Board’s …

The Supreme Court, acting suo motu under Article 32, examined media‑circulated clips of a Karnataka High Court judge who made misogynistic and community‑prejudicial remarks during live‑streamed proceedings on 6 June and 28 August 2024. A report from the Registrar General provided transcripts and translations of the rem…

The case involved a reference to a nine-judge bench to resolve the divergence between India Cement Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu (which held royalty is a tax) and State of West Bengal v. Kesoram Industries Ltd. (which held royalty is not a tax). The core issues were the true nature of royalty under Section 9 of the Mines…

The appellant, a shareholder and former director of Seva Vikas Co-operative Bank, filed FIR No. 806 of 2019 alleging financial fraud by the bank's chief executive and former chairperson based on a forensic audit report. The Bombay High Court quashed the FIR, holding that Section 81(5B) of the Maharashtra Co-operative S…

The appellant and his brother, the first respondent, entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2010 that included an arbitration clause. The appellant later filed two suits involving additional parties, including a private company and Canara Bank, seeking injunctions over family property. The first respondent…

Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd., a subsidiary of Coal India Ltd., entered into a contract with IVRCL AMR Joint Venture for road works. The contract contained Clause 15 titled “Settlement of Disputes/Arbitration”, which the respondent invoked to issue a notice of arbitration and later sought appointment of an arbitrator under …

Sharda Associates insured a JCB excavator with United India Insurance for Rs 13.50 lakhs. While the excavator was being used for road construction, a section of the road collapsed, causing the machine to fall into a ditch, killing two workers and resulting in total loss of the excavator. The insurer denied the claim, i…

Madhya Pradesh Power Management Co. Ltd. (appellant) and Dhar Wind Power Projects Pvt. Ltd. (respondent) disputed which tariff rate applied to a 12‑15 MW wind project. The 2013 Tariff Order fixed a rate of Rs 5.92 per unit for projects commissioned up to 31 March 2016, while the 2016 Tariff Order reduced the rate to Rs…

The appellant, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, alleged that his son was murdered and that the accused, the second respondent, was a juvenile at the time of the offence. The accused claimed juvenility based on a CBSE matriculation certificate showing a birth date of 17‑12‑1998, while school records, a transfer certificate, Aadhaar…

The assessee, Suzuki Powertrain India Ltd (SPIL), was amalgamated into Maruti Suzuki India Ltd (MSIL) effective 1 April 2012. For Assessment Year 2012-13, a notice under s.143(2) of the Income Tax Act was issued to SPIL, which no longer existed, and a final assessment order adding Rs. 78.97 crore was passed in SPIL's n…

The appellants booked a residential flat with the developer who required a booking amount of 25% of the sale price. Through email correspondence in February 2008, the parties agreed to reduce the booking amount to 15%, which the appellants paid in excess of that amount. The developer later cancelled the allotment, clai…

The petitioners, women officers on Short Service Commission (SSC) in the Indian Army, challenged the Army's method of granting Permanent Commission (PC) after the Supreme Court's decision in Babita Puniya, alleging that the benchmarking of their marks against the lowest‑scoring male officer, the reliance on early‑caree…

The appellant, a real‑estate developer, entered into a buyer's agreement with the respondent to deliver possession of a row house by 31 December 2008 with a six‑month grace period. The respondent paid Rs 39,29,280 but the developer failed to hand over possession, and the respondent filed a consumer complaint in 2011 se…

Mahavir Road and Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, engaged in road resurfacing in Nashik, obtained an insurance policy covering material damage but expressly excluding normal wear and tear and gradual atmospheric deterioration. The company claimed that abnormal rainfall and water logging between 25 June and 5 July 2007 caused th…

The Association for Consumer Welfare and Aid filed a consumer complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) seeking possession of flats and restraint of extra charges, alleging that Three C Universal Developers Private Limited was the main promoter of the Lotus Panache project. The NCDRC …

The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) issued a notice to show cause under Regulation 39(4) of its 1960 Staff Regulations seeking removal of employee Mukesh Poonamchand Shah after his conviction by a Special CBI Judge for offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Indian Penal Code. Shah challenged …

Mrs. Durgesh Kuwar, a Chief Manager (Scale IV) of Punjab and Sind Bank, was transferred from the Indore branch to a small rural branch at Sarsawa after she reported serious irregularities in liquor contractor accounts and alleged sexual harassment by the Zonal Manager. She contended that the transfer was retaliatory, v…

The Railway Board introduced the Safety Related Retirement Scheme (2004) and later the Liberalised Active Retirement Scheme for Guaranteed Employment for Safety Staff (LARSGESS) to allow voluntary retirement of safety staff and appointment of their wards. The scheme was challenged as violative of Articles 14 and 16 and…

The Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking that pregnant women and lactating mothers be classified as a high‑risk category for COVID‑19 vaccination and that specific measures such as priority slots, a dedicated registry, and modifications to the Co‑WIN portal be i…

International Seaport Dredging Pvt Ltd entered into a dredging contract with Kamarajar Port Limited, a statutory undertaking, which later gave rise to disputes and arbitration. The arbitral tribunal awarded the appellant approximately Rs 21.07 crore with interest and costs, and the respondent sought correction under s.…

The petitioners, candidates for the Rajasthan Civil Judge Cadre 2024, challenged the low marks awarded to them in the Language Paper‑II (English Essay) of the main examination, alleging arbitrary and discriminatory evaluation that caused them to miss the interview cut‑off. They sought quashing of the main examination r…

Mr. Rajeev Nohwar booked a residential flat and purchased e‑SBTR stamp paper worth Rs 8,44,500. A dispute with the builder led to a consumer complaint before the NCDRC, which ordered a full refund of the consideration. Nohwar applied for a refund of the stamp duty, but the Deputy Inspector of Registration rejected it, …

M/S Magadh Sugar & Energy Ltd., a sugar mill that generates surplus electricity from bagasse, supplies that electricity to the Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB). The Bihar Government levied electricity duty and penalty under the Bihar Electricity Duty Act, 1948, which the company challenged through a writ petition u…

The State of Maharashtra alleged that the appellants were members of an organized crime syndicate operating the illegal "Mumbai Matka" gambling network. Police raided a gambling den, recorded confessions of several accused, including the appellants, by an Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP) under Section 18 …

An FIR (No.477) recorded the death of Amarjit Singh and injuries to his nephew Manjeet Singh, naming five persons as perpetrators. Only one accused, Sartaj Singh, was charge‑sheeted; the other four private respondents were placed in column‑2. During trial, the victim (PW1) reiterated the allegations against the private…

Harjit Singh filed an FIR alleging that his father was murdered by a group of accused, including Inderpreet Singh (respondent No.1), who was alleged to have orchestrated the conspiracy from jail using a mobile phone. The High Court granted bail to Inderpreet Singh, reasoning that he was not physically present at the cr…

Saranya appealed the Madras High Court's order that quashed the chargesheet against Bharathi (respondent No.1) for offences under Sections 420, 302 r/w 109 IPC. The High Court had examined the evidence and concluded that the accused was likely to be convicted, thereby exercising its power under Section 482 CrPC to dism…

The case involved 339 flat buyers who purchased apartments in DLF's Westend Heights project. The developer failed to hand over possession within the contractually stipulated 36 months, causing a delay of two to four years. The buyers sought compensation beyond the Rs 5 per square foot per month stipulated in the Apartm…

The West Bengal State Election Commission sought to set aside a Division Bench of the Calcutta High Court order that directed acceptance of nomination papers filed electronically for the 2018 Panchayat elections. The High Court had justified its direction on the ground of ensuring free and fair elections and on a readi…

The Supreme Court examined six FIRs registered in West Bengal relating to alleged explosive offences and a High Court order that transferred the investigation to the National Investigation Agency (NIA). The High Court had directed the Central Government to invoke its power under Section 6(5) of the National Investigati…

Havildar Ashok Kumar completed 24 years of service in the Indian Army and was granted a two‑year extension. During the extension he suffered a stroke, was classified as SHAPE‑3 with 80% disability and was discharged. He was awarded a disability pension under Regulation 173‑A of the Army Pension Regulations, 1961, but s…

The second respondent was charged with kidnapping and murdering a 13‑year‑old child for ransom, with the trial ongoing since 2014. The Delhi High Court granted him bail, a decision challenged by the parents of the deceased and the State. The Supreme Court examined whether bail under Section 439 of the CrPC was appropri…

The deceased Y.S. Vivekananda Reddy was murdered in March 2019 and the case was transferred to the CBI, which filed charge sheets naming several accused including the first respondent Y.S. Avinash Reddy. The first respondent sought anticipatory bail and filed a writ petition, prompting the Telangana High Court to grant…

The State of Madhya Pradesh bought a transit marine insurance policy from Bajaj Allianz to cover the transport of a Bell‑430 helicopter from Canada to Bhopal. After the helicopter arrived in a knocked‑down condition at New Delhi, it was stored and assembled for a planned flight to Bhopal; damage to the window and tail …

The appellant Reliance Life Insurance issued a term life policy to the deceased after he had taken a separate policy from another insurer, but he failed to disclose the earlier cover in the proposal form. After the insured's death, Reliance repudiated the claim, invoking Section 45 of the Insurance Act, 1932, on the gr…

The appellant's spouse held three LIC policies that contained an accident benefit clause requiring a bodily injury caused solely and directly by an accident arising from outward, violent and visible means, leading to death within 180 days. The insured suffered chest pain, a heart attack and fell from his motorcycle, dy…

Md Misher Ali was alleged by the Assam police to be an illegal migrant from Bangladesh who entered India after 24 March 1971. The police referred him to the Foreigner's Tribunal, which served notice by hanging it at his temporary address in Sivasagar, despite his permanent residence being in Dhubri, and subsequently de…

A complaint was lodged alleging that Charansinh, then President of a municipal council, had amassed assets disproportionate to his known income, invoking Section 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Anti‑Corruption Bureau (ACB) issued a notice directing him to appear for an "open enquiry" and to furnish de…

Ajaya Kumar Das, a labourer, suffered an accident in 2000 that left him 85% permanently disabled. The Workmen's Compensation Commissioner awarded him Rs 2,78,926 with 12% interest from the date of the accident. The insurer appealed to the Orissa High Court more than 600 days after the award, and the High Court dismisse…

The appellants, a cold‑storage operator, stored potatoes under a Deterioration of Stock (DOS) insurance policy and later claimed loss due to sprouting. The policy contained an explicit exception that the insurer would not be liable for any damage if the temperature in the refrigeration chambers did not exceed 4.4°C (40…

A long‑standing property dispute between two families escalated when Survey Department officials arrived to survey the land. After an initial verbal altercation, the accused returned armed with knives, clubs, a baku and explosives, stabbing and killing two members of the complainant’s family and injuring several others…

The appellant, Raju Ambadas Gankekar, was convicted under Section 304 Part II of the IPC for assaulting Captain Vinod Rawat, who later died from his injuries. The incident occurred on 10 July 1988 at a hotel in Ahmednagar, where the victim was chased and attacked with a gupti. Evidence included a dying declaration desc…

An advertisement by Dr. S.N. Medical College sought a projectionist who possessed a licence to operate a cinema projector. The appellant was appointed despite not having the licence at the time, while the third respondent challenged the appointment on the ground of non‑fulfilment of the qualification. The High Court Si…

The Public Interest Committee sought proportional representation for the Limboo‑Tamang Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha and the legislative assemblies of West Bengal and Sikkim, arguing that the 2006 Delimitation Notification and the 2008 Delimitation Order failed to incorporate the tribes after their inclusion under …

Constable Subrata Nath of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) was on duty when a truck carrying 800 kg of copper wires was stolen from a scrap yard. He was charged with gross negligence and dereliction of duty, and after a departmental inquiry where eight prosecution witnesses testified, the Disciplinary Autho…

The Tata Power Company sought to compel the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) to award a transmission licence for a 1000 MW HVDC project through the tariff‑based competitive bidding (TBCB) route under Section 63 of the Electricity Act, 2003. MERC granted the licence using the regulated tariff mechani…

Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS) terminated a Facilities Agreement with SK Wheels Private Limited, the corporate debtor, alleging service deficiencies. The corporate debtor, represented by the Resolution Professional, sought relief under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) invoking the National Company Law Trib…

The appellant, a student with dysgraphia (a specified disability of 40 % under the RPwD Act), appeared for the NEET (UG) 2021 and was denied the one‑hour compensatory time mandated for persons with disability. The designated examination centre collected her answer sheet after the regular three‑hour duration, and the Na…

The Tamil Nadu government issued a loan‑waiver scheme that benefitted only small and marginal farmers, prompting a petition that the scheme violated Article 14 by arbitrarily excluding larger farmers. The Madurai Bench of the High Court held the classification arbitrary and directed the benefit be extended to all farme…

The appellant, GLAS Trust Company LLC, a financial creditor of Think & Learn Pvt Ltd (the corporate debtor), challenged the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal's (NCLAT) approval of a settlement between the corporate debtor and the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the setting aside of the NCLT order…

The Supreme Court of India, in a 9-judge bench reference, addressed the scope of Entry 8 of List II of the Seventh Schedule (intoxicating liquors) and its interplay with Entry 52 of List I (industries controlled by the Union). The case arose from a challenge by the State of Uttar Pradesh against a High Court decision t…

The case arose from an FIR filed in 2020 alleging that the accused, S. Harish, had downloaded and stored child pornographic videos on his mobile phone. The investigation recovered two such videos and a chargesheet was filed under Section 15(1) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) and Section 6…

The Jamia Masjid Gubbi filed a suit seeking a declaration that the State Wakf Board owned a specific property, possession, an injunction and mesne profits. Defendants argued that the suit was barred by res judicata, relying on three earlier suits concerning the same property. The Supreme Court examined whether the earl…

The appellant, an Indian citizen residing in the US, sought temporary custody of his three‑year‑old US‑citizen son after the mother returned to India with the child. The Superior Court of New Jersey granted the appellant temporary custody, and the appellant filed a habeas corpus petition in the Supreme Court, which was…

The Supreme Court considered whether Notification 5/2019, issued under Section 8A of the Customs Tariff Act to raise the import duty on goods from Pakistan to 200%, applied retrospectively to bills of entry that had been presented and self‑assessed before the notification was uploaded to the e‑gazette at 20:46:58 on 16…

The appellant, a returned candidate to the Manipur Legislative Assembly, was challenged by the unsuccessful candidate who filed an election petition alleging corrupt practices, including non‑disclosure of a financial transaction. The appellant moved applications under Order 7 Rule 11 of the CPC and Section 86 of the Re…

The appellants, former employees of the Bihar State Electricity Board (BSEB), sought to have the Assured Career Progression (ACP) Scheme of 2003 applied retrospectively from 09‑08‑1999, as it was for Bihar state government employees. BSEB had earlier adopted the Bihar Service Code but later framed its own service regul…

The Supreme Court examined a petition seeking a fresh NEET (UG) 2024 examination on the grounds of a question‑paper leak in Hazaribagh and Patna and alleged systemic deficiencies in the conduct of the exam. The Court noted that the Central Bureau of Investigation had identified about 155 beneficiaries of the leak, but …

Prakash Gupta, a director of Ideal Hotels & Industries Ltd, was prosecuted by SEBI for alleged price rigging and insider trading during the company's 1995 IPO. Gupta applied to have the offence under Section 24 of the SEBI Act compounded under Section 24A, but the trial judge and the Delhi High Court rejected the appli…

The case concerned whether Anadi Nath Banerjee, whose land was acquired for the Sonepur Bazari Open Cast Project, was entitled to employment under a tripartite agreement that promised jobs to land‑losers possessing at least two acres. The Land Acquisition Collector’s certificate recorded Banerjee’s own holding as 0.300…

The case arose from a violent incident at a polling booth where the accused, belonging to another village, attacked a voter slip issuer and his brother, using lathis and pistols, causing injuries to several witnesses. The trial court convicted the accused of voluntarily causing hurt under Section 323 IPC and rioting un…

The Union of India and Safdarjung Hospital appealed against the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission’s (NCDRC) order that held Safdarjung Hospital liable for medical negligence and directed payment of Rs.2 lakh compensation to the complainant. The complaint arose from the death of a premature baby who was re…

The appellant sought specific performance of a sale agreement and obtained a decree from the trial court directing the respondent to execute the sale deed within two months of depositing the balance consideration. Both parties appealed; the appellate court affirmed the trial court decree, effecting a merger of the two …

The appellant, a practising advocate, was charged with criminal contempt after he and about fifty other lawyers obstructed police officers attempting to execute a non‑bailable warrant issued by a Madras High Court judge. The High Court found a prima facie case of contempt under Section 2(c)(iii) of the Contempt of Cour…

The Supreme Court examined an application filed by Unitech Limited seeking restitution of Rs. 98.07 crore that had been paid to Shri Naresh Kempanna and Col. Mohinder Khaira under an earlier order directing distribution of sale proceeds from a land transaction with M/s Devas Global Services LLP. Unitech argued that it …

The Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA) filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a mandamus directing the Union Ministry of Urban Development to convert the entire 1.33‑acre parcel of land allotted to the Supreme Court for archives into a chamber block for lawyers, to declare the surrounding area a ‘Supreme Cour…

The Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board entered into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Narmada Equipments in 1999, which was terminated in 2001. The PPA contained an arbitration clause. In 2011 Narmada invoked the clause and, after receiving no response, filed an application under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and …

The Committee of Creditors (CoC) of Amtek Auto Ltd., through Corporation Bank, filed a contempt petition against Deccan Value Investors (DVI) after the Supreme Court rejected DVI's application seeking to renegotiate its approved resolution plan on the ground of COVID‑19. DVI also moved a rectification application alleg…

The Supreme Court considered applications by the States of Mizoram and Assam seeking exemption from the 500‑metre distance requirement for liquor outlets imposed by its earlier judgment in State of Tamil Nadu v. K. Balu. The Court had previously exempted Meghalaya, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh on the ground of their hi…

The Supreme Court was asked to interpret paragraph 7 of its 11 July 2017 order, which dealt with prohibiting the sale of liquor along highways but clarified that it did not apply to licensed establishments within municipal areas. The petitioners sought a further clarification to determine whether the same principle sho…

The State of Himachal Pradesh filed a petition seeking the same liquor‑sale concession that the Supreme Court had granted to the State of Uttarakhand for its hilly districts. The Court noted its earlier order of 31 March 2017, which limited Himachal Pradesh’s exemption to areas with local bodies of population not excee…

The petitioner, a former chairperson of Maduravoyal Town Panchayat, purchased a parcel of land in 2011 that included a road earmarked for a sewerage line under a 2001 local body resolution. While the Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board laid the sewer main on the adjoining stretches, it left a 110‑metre s…

The appellant, W.N. Allal Sundaram, challenged a declaration that the Bagyammal Trust was a public trust under the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959, asserting it was a private family trust. The dispute centered on a Deed of Settlement dated 4 June 1926, which entrusted the construction and…

The North Delhi Municipal Corporation appealed against the Central Administrative Tribunal's order that regularised Harleen Kaur and others as Entomologists, granting them notional pay and continuity of service. The respondents had been appointed contractually after a public advertisement in 1997‑98, their contracts we…

The Supreme Court examined a challenge to the water and sewerage taxes levied under Sections 52(1)(a), 55(b)(1) and 56 of the Uttar Pradesh Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1975. The first respondent argued that the levy was a fee, not a tax, and therefore beyond the State's competence under Entry 49 of List II. The Cour…

The appellant, V. Nagarajan, challenged an order of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) dated 31 December 2019 that dismissed his application for interim relief in a liquidation proceeding. He filed an appeal before the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) on 8 June 2020, relying on a free certified cop…

The petitioners, project‑affected families under the Sardar Sarovar Project, sought clarification or modification of the Supreme Court's 8 February 2017 order that fixed a full‑and‑final compensation of Rs 60 lakhs per family as a comprehensive settlement. The petitioners argued that, since they were entitled to 4.293 …

The management of Sri Dora Raj Spintax dismissed thirty‑one workmen after initiating disciplinary proceedings for alleged vandalism, while conciliation proceedings were pending on two separate industrial disputes raised by the workmen. The workmen claimed that the dismissals required prior permission under Section 33(1…

The Narcotics Control Bureau intercepted a vehicle traveling from Dimapur to Rampur and discovered 3.3 kg of heroin concealed under the wiper of the car. The three occupants, including Md. Nawaz Khan, were arrested; a personal search of Khan revealed no contraband, but the drug was found in the vehicle. The trial court…

The Supreme Court was approached to modify its earlier order that the Government had allowed NRI candidates to cure attestation defects by 31 March 2022 in the context of NEET‑UG seats reserved for the NRI quota in Kerala private medical colleges. The State of Kerala contended that no such extension existed and that th…

The petitioners, junior resident doctors employed on a contractual bond in ESIC medical colleges, sought inclusion in the 50% "in‑service" reservation for postgraduate medical seats that is available to Insurance Medical Officers Grade‑II (IMO‑II) recruited permanently by ESIC. They argued that both categories possess …

The appellant Somesh Chaurasia sought cancellation of bail granted to the second respondent, who had been convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and whose sentence was suspended under Section 389(1) CrPC. While the suspension was in force, an FIR (No. 143 of 2019) alleged that the second respondent had murdered the …

The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) directed CCL Products (India) Ltd. to furnish three bank guarantees to secure compliance with environmental directions issued under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. After inspecting the plant and finding violations, the Board invoked the guara…

In 1990 the respondent applied for a low‑income group (LIG) tenement in the Mansarover Scheme, paid Rs 4,000 and was issued an allotment letter requiring Rs 47,674 to be paid at possession. The appellant (Rajasthan Housing Board) cancelled the allotment in 1994 for non‑payment, while the respondent claimed she never re…

The State of Maharashtra sought attachment of the properties of 63 Moons Technologies, which holds 99.99% of National Spot Exchange Ltd. (NSEL), under the Maharashtra Protection of Interest of Depositors (in Financial Establishments) Act, 1999, alleging that NSEL is a financial establishment that accepted deposits and …

The petitioner, convicted of murder and related offences, served 16 years of a life sentence and applied for premature release under Chhattisgarh Prison Rule 358. The appropriate government sought the opinion of the Special Judge who, without providing detailed reasons or considering the factors laid down in Laxman Nas…

Bloomberg Television Production Services India Private Limited and others sought an ex parte ad interim injunction to compel Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited to remove a February 2024 article alleged to be defamatory. The trial judge granted the injunction on the basis of a brief reference to prior cases, without …

Umesh, a village accountant in Karnataka, was criminally charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for demanding a bribe. He was acquitted by a Special Judge, but a disciplinary enquiry under the Karnataka Lokayukta Act, 1984 and the Karnataka Civil Services Rules found him guilty of misconduct and imposed c…

The appellant's father’s house was demolished for the Ara‑Sasaram Railway Project, and the appellant sought employment under the Railway Board’s policy circular of 19 April 2006, which provides Group D posts to persons displaced by large‑scale land acquisition. The High Court directed consideration of his claim, but th…

The petition sought judicial directions on the selection of chairpersons, judicial, administrative, technical and expert members of various tribunals under the Tribunal, Appellate Tribunal and Other Authorities (Qualification, Experience and Other Conditions of Service of Members) Rules, 2017. The Supreme Court, after …

The Himachal Pradesh Government issued a policy on 27 February 2004 to regularise part‑time class‑IV employees who had completed ten years of service by converting them to daily‑wage status with prospective effect and no back wages. In Moti Singh v. State, the High Court held that such conversion does not entitle emplo…

Udai Bhan Singh, a Postal Assistant, was charged with misconduct for authorising payments of National Savings Certificate commissions to fictitious agents, resulting in a loss of Rs.6.65 lakh. The disciplinary inquiry found the charges proved, leading to a reduction in pay, which was later enhanced to dismissal by the …

The first respondent, a Junior Engineer in Aurangabad Municipal Corporation, was transferred to the Planning Department, promoted to Town Planner on probation in June 1998 and confirmed in May 1999. In August 2002 the Municipal Commissioner deleted his name from the seniority list of Deputy Engineers and, the next day,…

South Eastern Coalfields Ltd, which operates coal mines in Madhya Pradesh, challenged the levy of a terminal tax by the municipal council on the basis that municipal statutes cannot apply to Scheduled Areas. The company argued that Article 243ZC of the Constitution excludes Part IXA (municipalities) from Scheduled Area…

The borrowers defaulted on a loan secured by a mortgage over land in Navi Mumbai, prompting Union Bank of India to initiate SARFAESI proceedings and eventually conduct a public auction. The appellant, CELIR LLP, was the highest bidder, paid the full bid amount, and received a sale confirmation, but the bank withheld th…

The Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) issued a circular on 3 July 2012 creating super‑numerary Assistant Engineer (AE) posts for Sub‑Assistant Engineers (SAEs) and prescribed different eligibility criteria for diploma‑holders (25 years of service) and degree‑holders (13 years of service). The appellants, diploma‑hold…

The case concerned import of Styrene‑Butadiene Rubber (SBR) of the 1900 series, which the importer M/s Ballarpur Industries Ltd. declared as ‘Lutex‑701’ and ‘Lutex‑780’ in its Bills of Entry. The Commissioner of Customs issued show‑cause notices alleging mis‑declaration and demanding confiscation, anti‑dumping duty, in…

The appellant, Pramod Suryabhan Pawar, sought to quash a First Information Report (FIR) filed under Sections 376, 417, 504, 506(2) of the IPC and Sections 3(1)(u), (w) and 3(2)(vii) of the SC/ST Act, alleging that the allegations were based on a false promise to marry and on WhatsApp messages sent before the relevant p…

The appellants, appointed as Land Records Inspectors (LRIs) through a limited departmental examination for vacancies that arose in 2008‑09, 2009‑10 and 2010‑11, were placed in seniority lists dated 2012‑14 and later treated as appointed in 2014‑15. They claimed seniority should be computed from the year the vacancy aro…

Jayantibhai Patel, a headmaster, was first cleared of misconduct in 1994 but a second inquiry—conducted without recorded reasons—found him guilty and led to his removal in 1996. The High Court later quashed the removal but denied back wages, reasoning that Patel had retired. The Supreme Court held that when service is …

The appellants challenged the inclusion of candidates holding a two‑year Diploma in Health Inspectors Course (DHIC) in the short‑list for the post of Junior Health Inspector Grade‑II in the Municipal Common Service, arguing that DHIC was a higher qualification and should be treated as equivalent under Rule 10(a)(ii) of…

The appellant school appointed the first respondent as a teacher on a one‑year probation on 1 July 2008. The probation was extended twice, allowing her to serve as a probationer for nearly five years before she was discharged on 30 June 2013. The Delhi High Court held that the continuation of service beyond the two‑yea…

The petitioner, an unmarried woman residing in Delhi, discovered she was 22 weeks pregnant after a consensual relationship ended and she lacked livelihood to raise a child. She filed a writ petition seeking permission to terminate the pregnancy under Section 3(2)(b) of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act and…

The North Delhi Municipal Corporation (N.D.M.C.) advertised a post of Labour Welfare Superintendent requiring a post‑graduate degree or diploma in Social Work, Labour Welfare, Industrial Relations, Personnel Management or any allied subject. The respondent, Kavinder, held an MBA degree in which he studied Human Resourc…

The Commissioner of Police in Telangana issued a preventive detention order against Nenavath Ravi and his associates under the Telangana Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986, alleging habitual robbery and gold‑chain snatching that allegedly created fear among women. The order was based on four FIRs, but the Det…

The petitioners sought a blanket prohibition on the installation of overhead transmission lines for solar power across roughly 99,000 square kilometres in Rajasthan and Gujarat, arguing that such lines threaten the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB). The Supreme Court had earlier ordered the conversion of…

The petitioner, Sundar, was convicted of kidnapping and murdering a seven‑year‑old child and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition alleging errors in the evidence, especially the admissibility of call‑detail records (CDRs) without …

The Odisha Administrative Tribunal (OAT) was created in 1986 under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, but was abolished by a Union Government notification dated 2 August 2019, issued under Section 21 of the General Clauses Act in conjunction with Section 4(2) of the same Act, after the State of Odisha requested it…

The appellant's son, an account holder of HDFC Bank, died in a road accident while covered under a "Cardsure Package Policy" issued by HDFC ERGO to the bank. The policy required a non‑ATM transaction within three months prior to a claim, but the insurer denied the claim, alleging the condition was not met. The appellan…