SMT. OMWATI ETC.versusMAHENDRA SINGH AND ORS.

A                              SMT. OMWATI ETC.
                                          v.
                         MAHENDRASINGH AND ORS.

                               NOVEMBER 7, 1997

B                [M.M. PUNCHHI AND M. SRINIVASAN, JJ.]


          Penal Code, 1860-Sections 148, 3021149 and 3071149-Murder-
    Trial of-All the accused held guilty-Convicted and senten_ced-High Court
C   set aside the conviction and sentence holding that prosecution has failed to
    establish the guilt of the accused-On appeal held, case of prosecution not
    proved beyond reasonable doubt-Motive not established-Entitled to benefit
    of doubt-No interference called for.

         The respondents were prosecuted for an offence under Sections 148,
D   302/149 and 307/149 IPC.

          The prosecution case was that PW I and his son PW 3 as well as one
    'I' were going on a motor cycle from a village to another village. Along with
    them 'R' and his son 'D' were proceeding on another motor cycle. On the
    way they saw a tractor parked in the middle of the road and the accused were
E   standing near the tractor. One of the accused had a hasiya while others were
    having country made pistols. The motor cycles were stopped. The accused
    with pistols fired at · R' and he fell down on receiving the gun shot. The
    accused assaulted him with hasiya and gave several blows. · D' started to ran
    away but was chased and fired and on receiving the gun shot injuries he fell
    down. Both 'R' and 'D' died on the spot. All the accused ran away but
F   surrendered before the court after three or four days and pleaded not guilty
    stating that they were falsely implicated on account of enmity. The prosecution
    examined ten witnesses including PWs I to 3, who were the eye-witnesses.
    The Trial Court found all the accused guilty and convicted them. However,
    on appeal, the High Court set aside the conviction and sentence on the
G   ground that the prosecution has failed to establish the guilt of the accused.
    Hence the present appeal.

          Dismissing the appeal, this Court

          HELD : I. The case of the prosecution has not been proved beyond doubt
H and there are certain factors which remain unexplained. Thus the accused
                                           88
                       OMWATI v. MAHENDRA SINGH                                  89
are entitled to benefit of doubt. There is no justification to interfere with the       A
judgment of the High Court. 196-BI

      2.1. The motive for the murder as alleged by the prosecution has not
been satisfactorily established. The case of the prosecution is that the deceased
were working for one ·I' at the time of election of the Pradhan and the said
'I' was defeated in the election and the accused won. If there was enmity on            B
account of election, the person against whom accused would have borne a
grudge was the said 'I' who was present at the scene of occurrence. He was
left untouched without even a scratch. There is nothing on record to show
that there were clashes between the accused and the deceased or other
supporters of'I' at any time before the incident. It is thus wholly improbable          C
that after a lapse of three years from the election the accused should bear
such a grudge as to kill the deceased. The post-mortem report shows several
deep incised wounds which according to PWs were caused by some sharp
edged weapon like hasiya. It gives an impression that there was some deep
seated enmity between the deceased and the assailants. But the evidence on
record does not prove any such enmity. 192-E-H; 93-A-B]                                 D
      2.2. No doubt, proof of motive is not necessary to sustain a conviction
but when the prosecution puts forward a specific case as to motive for the
crime, the evidence regarding the same has to be considered in order to
judge the probabilities. It is well settled that motive for a crime is a satisfactory
circumstance of corroboration when there is convincing evidence to prove                E
the guilt of an accused person but it cannot fill up a lacuna in the evidence.
                                                                               193-FI

       3. The opinion of the High Court that there were more than one
assailant armed with sharp cutting weapons cannot be considered to be
totally baseless or perverse. The High Court examined an expert Doctor who .F
opined that the injuries on the body of the deceased could not be caused by
a single blow of the hasiya. Considering the fact that as many as seventeen
incised wounds were found on the body of deceased 'R', the High Court found
it difficult to believe that he was assaulted by only one assailant with sharp
cutting weapon. 193-C-E)
                                                                                        G
      4. The prosecution has miserably failed to prove the connection between
the tractor recovered from the scene and the accused 'M'. This goes a long
way to shake the credibility of PWs 1 to 3, the eye-witnesses. 194-E)

      CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 25 of
1990 Etc.                                                                               H
    90                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A        From the Judgment and Order dated 10.10.88 of the Allahabad High
    Court in Cr!. A. Nos. 806 and 827 of 1988.

          K.B. Sinha, Ashok Kumar Shanna and H.S. Kaicker, (Pramod Swarup and
    R.K. Singh) for A.S. Pundir, (R.S. Sodhi, David Rao) for lndeevar Goodwill for
    the appearing parties.
B
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          SRINIVASAN, J. I. These appeals are directed against the judgment of
    the Allahabad High Court in Crl. Appeal Nos. 806-807 of 1988 reversing the
    judgment of the Additional Sessions Judge Moradabad in S.T. No. 608 of 1985
C   and acquitting all the accused who stood charge under Section 148, 302/149
    and 3071149 l.P.C. Cr. Appeal No. 25 of 1990 is by the widow of one of the
    murdered, persons while the other two appeals are by the State.

          2. The case of the prosecution was as follows :-

D       On 14.7.1985 Sohan Pal Singh, PW 1 and his son Avdesh Kumar PW
  3 as well as one Jnder Pal Singh were going on motor cycle of the first of them
  from the village Bilari to the village Chawra. At the same time Raj Kumar Singh
  and his son Dhirender Singh were proceeding on another motor cycle along
  with them. At about 8.30 p.m. when they reached the village Bonda Ferozepur
E they saw a tractor parked on the middle of the road with its lights on. It had
  no bonnet. The accused namely Mahender Singh, Om Vir, Som Vir, Om Pratap
  Singh, Onkar Singh and Raghu Raj Singh were standing near the tractor. One
  of them namely, Raghu Raj Singh had a hasiya while the others had country-
  made pistpls. The motor cycle of Raj Kumar Singh was stopped on seeing the
  aforesaid persons on the road and the other motor cycle was stopped a few
F steps behind. The accused who had pistols fired at Raj Kumar Singh and
  Dhirender Singh. The former fell down on receiving gunshot injuries. Raghu
  Raj Singh assaulted him with hasiya and gave several blows. Dhirender Singh
  started to run away but was chased by the accused. Another tractor came
  from behind which was stopped by PW I. Dhirender Singh attempted to climb
G on the said tractor but the accused fired at him as a result of which he
  received gunshot injuries and fell down. Ram Swaroop, PW 2 and his son
  Nathu Singh who had come on the said tractor also got gunshot injuries when
  they tried to save Dhirender Singh. Some other persons who had come on the
  said tractor ran away. Both Raj Kumar Singh and Dhirender Singh died on
  the spot as a result of the injuries. In the meantime villagers came from the
H village and the accused boarded their tractor and tried to escape. The tractor
           OMWATI v. MAHENDRA SINGH [SRINIVASAN .I.]                     91

got stuck in the ditch and the accused left it and ran away. The F.l.R. was A
lodged by PW 1 at police station Kurh Fatehgarh at I0.00 p.m. on the same
day.
      3. The accused were not tracable for three or four days. Three of them
surrendered on 17.7.85 in the court at Moradabad and the remaining three
persons surrendered on 18.7.85. They pleaded not guilty and stated that they B
were falsely implicated on account of enmity. One of them namely, Om Vir
Singh stated that at the time of the occurrence he was on duty in the
cooperative bank at Moradabad and in support of his claim he examined the
Branch Manager as OW I. The prosecution examined ten witnesses. PWs 1
to 3 claimed to be eye witnesses. The Additional Sessions Judge found all
the accused to be guilty and convicted them. Mahender Singh, Om Vir Singh, C
Om Pratap Singh and Som Vir Singh were convicted under Sections 148, 302/
149 and 307/149 I.P.C. while Raghu Raj Singh was convicted under Section
148 and 302/149 l.P.C. He was acquitted of the charge under Section 307/149
l.P.C. Death sentence was awarded to Mahender Singh and Raghu Raj Singh
under Section 302/149 l.P.C. All the accused were further sentenced to undergo D
three years rigorous imprisonment under Section 148 l.P.C. Mahender Singh,
Om Vir Singh, Om Pratap and Som Vir Singh were further sentenced to seven
years rigorous imprisonment under Section 3011149 l.P.C. All the sentences
of imprisonment were ordered to run concurrently.
      4. Two. appeals were preferred before the High Court. One was by. E
Mahender Singh and Raghu Raj Singh and the other by the remaining accused.
The High Court held that the prosecution failed to establish the guilt of the
accused and allowed the appeal. The conviction and sentences were therefore
set aside.
     5. The widow of Raj Kumar Singh has filed Cr!. Appeal No. 25 of 1990.    F
The State of Uttar Pradesh has filed the other appeals.
       6. The main contention of the appeallants is that there are three eye
witnesses for the incident in which the husband and the son of the appellant
in Crl. Appeal 25of1990 was brutally murdered on account of political rivalry.
It is argued that the reasons given by the High Court for not believing the G
eye witnesses are erroneous and flimsy. It is contended that the High Court
has made much of minor discrepancies, over-looking the circumstance that
the witnesses were giving evidence in court after a long time after the
occurrence and such discrepancies are hardly sufficient to reject the evidence
of eye witnesses. It is submitted that the names of all the accused were
mentioned in the F.l.R. which was lodged within a short time after the H
    92                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A occurrence and that PW 2 is an independent witness who had no axe to grind.
    According to the appellants the Trial Judge has considered every aspect of
    the matter and accepted the case of the prosecution and the High Court is
    not justified in reversing the judgment of the Trial Court.

          7. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents contend that there
B   are several unexplained factors which cast considerable doubt on the case of
    the prosecution. It is argued that though the judgment of the High Court is
    not quite satisfactorily worded, it is clear that the circumstances referred to
    by the High Court are relevant and v:tal in the matter of appreciation of
    evidence. It is submitted that there are some missing links which make the
C   case of the prosecution unacceptable.

        8. We have gone through the entire evidence on record. We find it
  difficult to persuade ourselves to hold that the prosecution has established
  its case beyond doubt. As pointed out by the learned counsel for the
  respondents there are certain factors which remain unexplained. The Trial
D Judge has somewhat exceeded his limits and taken for himself the task of
  explaining some of the circumstances in rejecting the contentions of the
  defence.

          9. At the out set, it must be pointed out that the motive for the murder
E as alleged by the prosecution has not been satisfactorily established. The
  case of the prosecution is that the deceased were working for Inder Pal Singh
  at the time of election of the Pradhan from village Chawra held in 1982 in the
  village. Admittedly Inder Pal Singh was defeated in that election and Mahender
  won the same. Neither of the deceased contested the election. If there was
   enmity on account of the election, the person against whom accused wou Id
F have borne a grudge was Inder Pal Singh who contested the election. The
  said Inder Pal Singh was present at the scene of occurrence sitting on the
  motor cycle in front of the accused. He was left untouched without even a
  -scratch. If really th·e enmity between the accused and the deceased was on·
   account of the election, the accused would have attacked the deceased as
G well as Inder Pal Singh, if not Inder Pal Singh alone. There is nothing on
   record to show that there were clashes between the accused on the one hand
   and the deceased or other supporters of Inder Pal Singh on the other at any
   time b~fore this incident. It is wholly improbable that after lapse of three years
   from the election in which Inder Pal Singh was defeated, the accused should
   bear such a grudge as to kill the deceased. A look at the post mortem reports,
H Ex. ka 9 and ka 10 shows several deep incised wounds which according to


                                                                                        "
            OMWA Tl v. MAHENDRA SINGH (SRINIVASAN J]                           93
PW 8 were caused by some sharpe-edged weapon, say, by hasiya. There are              A
several such wounds which indicate that the assailant had given repeated
blows with the weapon to the deceased. It gives an impression that there was
some deep-seated enmity between the deceased and the assailant. The
evidence on record does not prove any such deep-seated enmity between the
deceased and Raghu Raj Singh. Learned counsel for the respondents points
out the lacunae in the evidence with reference to the hasiya produced before         B
the court as the weapon used by Raghu Raj Singh. There is no evidence on
record regarding the finger prints or blood stains on the said hasiya. The
failure on the part of police to check the finger prints as well as the blood
stains on the weapon is a vital factor to be taken into account against the
prosecution. The High Court has sent for the weapons and also examined Dr.           C
R.N. Katiyar, an expe1t who opined that the injuries on the body of the
deceased could not be caused by a single blow .of the hasiya. The said doctor
stated that the post morterm examination report does not show that the injury
was caused by more than one blow. Considering the fact that as many as
seventeen incised wounds were found on the body of Raj Xumar Singh, the
High Court found it difficult to believe that he was assaulted by only one           D
assailant with a sharp cutting weapon. The High Court opined that there were
more than one assailant armed with such sharp cutting weapons. The opinion
of the High Court cannot be considered to be totally baseless or perverse.

       10. In the light of the aforesaid facts, ifthe case of the prosecution with   E
reference to the motive for the accused to commit the offence is considered,
there will be little difficulty in rejecting the same. No doubt, proof of motive
is not necessary to sustain a conviction but when the prosecution puts
forward a specific case as to motive for the crime, the evidence regarding the
same has got to be considered in order to judge the probabilities. It is well
settled that motive for a crime is a satisfactory circumstance of corroboration      F
when there is convincing evidence to prove the guilt of an accused person
but it cannot fill up a lacuna in the evidence.

       11. According to the prosecution, the accused were standing by the
side of the tractor belonging to one of them namely Mahender Singh which             G
had no bonnet at that time. It is also the case of the eye witnesses that the
tractor could not cross a trench on' the road side and the accused left it there
and ran away. Mahender Singh denied the ownership of the tractor. The
prosecution has examined one Rayees Ahmed as PW 9 to prove th3t the
tractor was sold by him to· Mahender Singh. According to his evidence he
owned tractor No. USW-5019 and sold it for a total consideration of Rs. 14,000       H
    94                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997) SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A to Mahender Singh about 5 years prior to his evidence. It is his version that
  on payment of Rs. l 0,000 Mahender Singh took possession of the tractor but
  did not pay the balance of Rs. 4,000. He had ·not taken any step to recover
  the balance. According to him the tractor was registered in the name of his
  younger brother and his mother but he added that he did not know in whose
  name the tractor was registered in RTO's Office. He did not give any information
B to the office of the RTO regarding sale of the tractor as he did not receive
  the full consideration. He claimed to possess the papers relating to tractor but
  none of them was produced. The Registration Book was stated to have been
  deposited in connection with a ceiling case but no receipt was produced. He
  claimed to have sold the said tractor through one Munna mistry but the latter
C has not been examined. A perusal of his evidence shows that he is wholly
  untrustworthy. There is nothing on record to show that the tractor which was
  recovered from the scene of occurrence had the registration No. USW-5019.
   The recovery memo states that there was no number found on the tractor. The
   bonnet of the tractor is said to have been recovered from the field of Mahender
   Singh on 4.11.85 but the evidence on record does not show that the said
D bonnet was that of the tractor which was recovered from the scene of
   occurrence. We have no hesitation to hold that the prosecution has miserably
   failed to prove the connection between the said tractor and the accused
   Mahender Singh. This circumstance goes a long way to shake the credibility
   of eye witnesses l to 3.
E
           12. According to the prosecution there was another tractor at the scene
    which was being driven by PW 2. According to the recovery report, there
    were blood stains on that tractor. There is no explanation as to why the police
    failed to take sample of the blood stains and test the same. That tractor was
    said to have been handed over by PW IO Mr. K.D. Verma, the Investing
F   Officer to one Dhoom Singh for custody for production in court or before the
    police whenever required. The records do not disclose the capacity in which
    the said Dhoom Singh took the custody of the said tractor.

           13. A perusal of the evidence of PW IO shows that there were several
G corrections, cuttings and over-writings in the panchnamas prepared by him.
    While the eye witnesses denied the correctness of some portions of the
    statements recorded by PW l 0, the latter has deposed that one of the witnesses
    did not make a statement as claimed by him. PW 2 has deposed that he told
    the Investigating Officer that two motor cycles had passed by their tractor
    before the occurrence but PW I 0 had stated in his deposition that PW 2 did
H   not state so. PW 2 has also denied the correctness of some of his statements
               OMWATI v. MAHENDRA SINGH [SRINIVASAN .I.]                       95
    as recorded by PW 10. In the statement recorded under Section 161 Cr. P.C.,     A
    PW 2 has stated, "a motor cycle was lying at the place of occurrence itself'.
    But in his deposition in court PW 2 has said that he never stated so. One
    significant circumstance is that the statements of PW 2 and his son were
    recorded by PW JO long afterwards i.e. 25.7.85. the version given by PW 2
    that he was not in a position to speak till then is not believable.
                                                                                    B
           14. The Trial Court has itself pointed out that Dr. Santosh of Bilary is
    a very important and material witness and ought to have been examined by
    the prosecution. But the Trial Court has opined that the failure to do so was
    only due to the carelessness of the Investigating Officer and it would not
_   impair the evidence of the eye-witnesses. We are of the opinion that evidence C
    of the said doctor would have proved to be an important connecting link and
    in the absence thereof, the testimony of PWs I and 3 lacks credence, particularly
    because there is a vital discrepancy between the two witnesses in the matter
    of the time at which they proceeded to the village Bilary. When the presence
    of the two witnesses in the village itself is questioned, the prosecution ought
    to have examined Dr. Santosh.                                                     D
          15. The Trial Court has also proceeded on the footing that Inder Pal
    Singh was murdered some time after the occurrence and some of the accused
    had been chargesheeted therefor. There is no material on record in support
    of the said version and the Trial Court could not have taken the same as
    granted.                                                                         E

           16. The Trial Judge has allowed his imagination to run riot while
    discussing the contention of the defence with reference to the contusions
    found on the body of Raj Kumar Singh. The Trial Cout has observed without
    any basis therefor on the evidence "during this process of hitting the accused F
    Raghu Raj must have certainly tried to have a grip of Raj Kumar Singh so that
    he could not stand and run away again and in doing so he might have given
    him blows by his knee". The Trial Court has completely gone off the track
    in thinking so.

           17. The High Court has also taken note of the fact that PWs I to 3 could G
    not have known the accused before the occurrence so as to be able to
    identify them in court. In that connection reference is made to the order of
    the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Moradabad dated 26.7.85 directing the holding
    of identification parade and the failure of the police officials to comply with
    the said order. The Trial Judge has accepted the version of the Investigating
    Officer that he was not aware of the order passed by the Chief Judicial H
    96                        SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A Magistrate. It is not necessary for us to place reliance on the failure of the
     police to .hold an identification parade.

           18. The circumstances referred to by us earlier taken along with the
    facts and circumstances referred to by the High Court would lead cumulatively
    to the conclusion that the case of the prosecution has not been proved
B   beyond doubt. The accused are certainly entitled to the benefit of the same.
    Consequently we do not find any justification to interfere with the judgment
    of the High Court. The appeals fail and are dismissed.

    · S.V.K.1.                                               Appeals dismissed.

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