SOHAN RAJ SHARMAversusSTATE OF HARYANA

                         [2008) 5 S.C.R. 1200


A                      SOHAN RAJ SHARMA
                                   V.
                       STATE OF HARYANA
                (Criminal Appeal No. 1464 of 2007)
                           APRIL 7, 2008
B
        [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND P. SATHASIVAM, JJ.]                    •
           Penal Code, 1860: s. 306 -Abetment of suicide - Suicide
    committed by wife - A/legation against husband that he was
c   sexually pervert and was trying to defame her- conviction by
    trial court as well as High court - On appeal, held: In cases of
    abetment of suicide there must be proof of direct/indirect acts
    of incitement to the commission of suicide - Mere fact that
    husband treated the wife with cruelty not sufficient proof - In
    the facts of the case offence not made out - Hence acquitted.
D
         ss. 107 and 109 -Abetment- Ingredients for commission
                                                                       1
    of - Discussed.
         Words and Phrases - 'Instigate' - Meaning of in the

E
    context of s. 107 /PC.
       FIR was lodged against appellant-accused alleging
                                                                           -
  that he was responsible for the circumstances which
  compelled his wife to consume poison causing her death.
  The allegation was on the basis of a letter written by the
F deceased wherein she had stated that she poisoned her
  two children and consumed poison herself because her
                                                                       t
  husband used to torture her for having sex in pervert
  ways. Accused was tried u/s 306 IPC. Trial Court found
  him guilty and convicted him. Conviction was upheld by
  High Court. Hence the present appeal.
G
       Allowing the appeal, the Court
          HELD: 1.1 In the facts of the instant case, it is clear
    that the accused has been described as a sexual pervert
H                                1200
    SOHAN RAJ SHARMA v. STATE OF HARYANA                1201


and that he had behaved like an animal and the deceased A
had tolerated the insulting manner in which he behaved.
They were married in court. It was stated that the accused
was impotent and he was trying to defame the deceased
for having relationship with ladies. On the facts of the case,
it cannot be said that the ingredients of Section 306 IPC B
have been established. Therefore, the conviction as
recorded cannot be maintained. [Paras 12 and 14] [1206-
B, C, F, G]
      1.2 The courts should be extremely careful in
assessing the facts and circumstances of each case and C
the evidence adduced in the trial for the purpose of finding
whether the cruelty meted out to the victim had in fact
induced her to end her life by committing suicide. If it
transpires to the Court that a victim committing suicide
was hypersensitive to ordinary petulance, discord and o
differences in domestic life quite common to the society
to which the victim.belonged and such petulance disc:;ord
and differences were not expected to··tnduce ,;a.$imitarly
circumstanced individual in a given society' to ~~ommit. -
suicide, the conscience of the Court should not be E
satisfied for basing a finding that the accused charged of
abetting the offence of suicide ,should be found guilfY.
[Para 9] [1205-A, B, C, D]
     State of West Bengal v. Ori/al ~aiswal Al R 1994 SC 1418
- relied on.             ·                                      F
     1.3 In cases of alleged abetment of suicide there must
be proof of direct or indirect acts of incitement to the
commission of suicide. The mere fact that the husband
treated the deceased-wife with cruelty is not enough.
[Para 11] [1206-A]                                          G
     Mahinder Singh v. State of MP 1995 AIR SCW 4570 -
referred to.
     2. Section 107 IPC defines abetment of a thing: The
offence of abetment is a separate and distinct offence          H
    1202       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2008] 5 S.C.R.


A provided in the Act as an offence. A person, abets the
  doing of a thing when (1) he instigates any person to do
  that thing; or (2) engages with one or more other persons
  in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing; or (3)
  intentionally aids, by act or illegal omission, the doing of
B that thing. These things are essential to complete
  abetment as a crime. The word "instigate" literally means
  to provoke, incite, urge on or bring about by persuasion
  to do any thing. The abetment may be by instigation,
  conspiracy or intentional aid, as provided in the three
c clauses of Section 107. Section 109 provides that if the
  act abetted is committed in consequence of abetment and
  there is no provision for the punishment of such abetment,
  then the offender is to be punished with the punishment
  provided for the original offence. 'Abetted' in Section 109
  means the specific offence abetted. Therefore, the offence
0
  for the abetment of which a person is charged with the
  abetment is normally linked with the proved offence.
  [Para 1 O] J1205-D, E, F, G]
         CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal
E   No. 1464 of 2007.
         From the final Judgment/Order dated 9.1.2007 of the High
    Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Crl. A. No. 419-
    SB/1993
F          B.D. Sharma for the Appellant.
          Rajeev Gaur 'Naseem', Rajesh Ranjan and TV. George
    for the Respondent.                                               t-
           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
G         DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Challenge in this appeal is to
    the order passed by a learned Single Judge of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court upholding appellant's conviction for offence
    punishable under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860
    (in short 'IPC') and sentence of 7 years RI.
H
            SOHAN RAJ SHARMA v. STATE OF HARYANA                   1203
                    [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

            2. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows:               A
              First Information Report lodged by Shri Rajiv Lochan Jain
       (PW4) was to the effect that Jyoti (hereinafter referred to as the
       'deceased') had written in her letter that her husband Sohan
       Raj Sharma the accused-appellant was torturing him for sex in
       many different ways, mostly pervert and tired of the same, she       B
  -~   had poisoned her children, and had consumed poison herself.
       The FIR is further to the effect that appellant-Sohan Raj Sharma,
       because of the circumstances, had compelled Jyoti to consume
       poison. The first endorsement of the Investigating Officer ASI
       Rohtash Singh (PW10) on the statement Ex.PL of Shri Rajiv            c
       Lochan Jain (PW4) is Ex.PL/1 and it is to the effect that on his
       reaching B.K. Hospital Faridabad alongwith other police
       officials, Shri Rajiv Lochan Jain had handed him over one letter
       (Ex. PX) of eight pages which was taken into possession of the
       police vide memo Ex.PM and from the statement of Shii Rajiv          D
       Lochan Jain and the letter produced by him, the allegations of
       commission of offences punishable under Section 306 IPC on
       the part of the Sohan Raj Sharma were made out. Statement
       Ex. PL/1, the statement Ex. PL alongwith endorsement Ex.PL/1
       was sent to the police station for registration of the case on       E
       which formal FIR was recorded. During investigation, the
       incriminating evidence in the form of medical evidence
       regarding death of Jyoti, Pinki and Gudiya having been caused
       due to consumption of poison surfaced. Further the report
       regarding letter (Ex. PX) and other oral evidence of the witnesses   F
       regarding circumstances connected with the occurrence were
_.j    collected. Accused Sohan Raj Sharma was put on trial for offence
       punishable u/s 306 IPC, he was challaned by the police and
       was committed to the court of Sessions for trial by the lllaqa
       Magistrate.
                                                                            G
            3. Prosecution examined 11 witnesses and exhibited
       several documents. Most vital one is purported suicide note
"      Ex.PX. Appellant took the stand during examination under
       Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in for
       'Code') that he was never married to the deceased officially. It     H,
    1204       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2008] 5 S.C.R.


A also alleged that he was a lesbian and in proof of this stand,
  one Anita Parmar was examined as DW1. The Trial Court found
  the contents of Ex.PX satisfied ingredients of Section 306 IPC.
  Accordingly, the appellant was found guilty and convicted and
  sentenced as aforesaid.
B      4. In appeal before the High Court, the stand taken before
    the Trial Court that ingredients of Section 306 IPC have not been
    fulfilled was reiterated. Stand of the prosecution was that the
    ingredients have been established.

c         5. The High Court found that.Ex.PX was sufficient to show
    as to what was the reason for deceased committing suicide.
        6. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that letter
  Ex.PX in no way establishes that the appellant had abeted the
  suicide. As a matter of fact, the fact that the deceased took the
D lives of two innocent children and then committed suicide without
  any doubt establishes that she was mentally unsound. The letter
  at the most describes the accused as a sexual pervert, but his
  behaviour, if any, cannot be taken to be an act of abeting the
  suicide. It is pointed out that in Ex Px she has clearly stated that
E she wanted to take appellants' life.
        7. Learned counsel for the respondents-State on the other
    hand supported the judgment of thP courts below.
       Section 306 IPC deals with abetment of suicide. The said
F provision reads as follows:
           "306 ABETMENT OF SUICIDE.
                                                                         I-
           If any person commits suicide, whoever abets the
           commission of such suicide, shall be punished with
G          imprisonment of either description for a term which may
           extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
       8. Abetment involves a mental process of instigating a
  person or intentionally aiding that person in doing of a thing. In
  cases of conspiracy also it would involve that mental process of
H entering into conspiracy for the doing of that thing. More active
          SOHAN RAJ SHARMA v. STATE OF HARYANA                        1205
                  [DR ARIJIT PASAYAT, J]

     role which can be described as instigating or aiding the doing            A
     of a thing it required before a person can be said to be abetting
     the commission of offence under Section 306 of IPC.
           9. In State of West Bengal v. Ori/a/ Jaiswal (AIR 1994 SC
     1418) this Court has observed that the courts should be
     extremely careful in assessing the facts and circumstances of B
     each case and the evidence adduced in the trial for the purpose
     of finding whether the cruelty meted out to the victim had in fact
     induced her to end her life by committing suicide. If it transpires
     to the Court that a victim committing suicide was hypersensitive ·
     to ordinary petulance, discord and differences in domestic life C
     quite common to the society to which the victim belonged and
     such petulance discord and differences were not expected to ·
     induce a similarly circumstanced individual in a given society to
     commit suicide, the conscience of the Court should not be
     satisfied for basing a finding that the accused charged of D
     abetting the offence of suicide should be found guilty.
             10. Section 107 IPC defines abetment of a thing. The
-.     offence of abetment is a separate and distinct offence provided
       in the Act as an offence. A person, abets the doing of a thing
      when (1) he instigates any person to do that thing; or (2) engages       E
      with one or more other persons in any conspiracy for the doing
       of that thing; or (3) intentionally aids, by act or illegal omission,
     . the doing of that thing. These things are essential to complete
      abetment as a crime. The word "instigate" literally means to
       provoke, incite, urge on or bring about by persuasion to do any         F
      thing. The abetment may be by instigation, conspiracy or
       intentional aid, as provided in the three clauses of Section 107.
       Section 109 provides that if the act abetted is committed in
      consequence of abetment and there is no provision for the
       punishment of such abetment, then the offender is to be punished        G
       with the punishment provided for the original offence. 'Abetted'
       in Section 109 means the specific offence abetted. Therefore,
       the offence for the abetment of which a person is charged with
       the abetment is normally linked with the proved offence.
                                                                               H
    1206       SUPREME COURT RtPORTS                  [2008] 5 S.C.R.


A         11. In cases of alleged abetment of suicide there must be
    proof of direct or indirect acts of incitement to the commission
    of suicide. The mere fact that the husband treated the deceased-
    wife with cruelty is not enough. [See Mahinder Singh v. State of
    M.P (1995 AIR sew 4570)].
B         12. When the factual scenario is examined, it is clear that
    the accused has been described as a sexual pervert and that
    he had behaved like an animal and the deceased had tolerated
    the insulting manner in which he behaved. They were married in
    court. It was stated that the accused was impotent and he was
c   trying to defame the deceased for having relationship with ladies.
         13. The most significant part of the letter t~e deceased
    had written is as follows:
           "I desired to kill you alongwith us but no, if you have any
D          sense of shame you will die as a result of the sequence
           of events. But it do not make any difference for shameless
                                                                         1
           12erson because these abuses will sound as correct if you
           realize your ca12aci!'f. You have not spent even eight days
           in a period of eight years in peace with me. You yourself         •
E          are responsible for death of these children. Flowers had
           been prayed for from the deities of your family regarding
           whom you disclosed "they are not mine they are with me
           from my friend. (girl friend) on, you, the condemned the
           day children will be born as a result of co-habitation of a
F          woman with woman, a woman will stop giving birth to man
           like you."
                                          (Underlined for emphasis)
        14. Above being the factual scenario, it cannot be said
  that the ingredients of Section 306 IPC have been established.
G
  Therefore, the conviction as recorded cannot be maintained.
  The order of the High Court is set aside. The appellant be
  released forthwith unless required in connection with other case.      <
    K.K.T.                                          Appeal allowed.
H