SRI BHAGWAN SAMARDHA SREEPADA VALLABHA VENKATA VISHWANDADHA MAHARAJversusSTATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.

A    SRI BHAGWAN SAMARDHA SR,EEPADA VALLABHA VENKATA
                  VISHWANDADHA MAHARAJ
                                          v.
                                                                                     -
                  ST A TE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.

                                  JULY 15, 1999
B
                     [K.T. THOMAS AND M.B. SHAH, JJ.]


        Penal Code, 1860 : Sections 415 and 420-Cheating-Appellant's
  representation of having divine healing powers-Assurance of curing
C complainant's child-Money charged-Impairment not cured-He/d-
  Appellant's represf!ntation of possessing divine powers is inducement referred
  in Section 415-Appellant's receiving of consideration and not giving the
  desired result-Commission of the offence of cheating presumed

         Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 : Section 173(8)-lnvestigation-
D Complaint lodged-Investigation conducted by the police-Report presented
    before the Magistrate that no offence committed-Reinvestigation ordered by
    the Magistrate-Report filed that an offence under Section 420 /PC
    committed-Petition before the High Court dismissed-Appeal filed-He/d-
    Power of the Court to direct the police to conduct further investigation is
E   not inhibited-There is nothing in the section to suggest that the Court is
    obliged to hear the accused before directing any reinvestigation.

          A complaint of cheating, against the appellant, was lodged with the
                                                                                     -
    police by the complainant alleging that the appellant claimed of possessing
    divine healing powers through his touches. On the basis of said
F   representation, the complainant approached the appellant for the healing of
    his 15 year old daughter who was dumb by birth. The appellant assured
    complainant of curing is daughter's impairment through his divine powers
    and charged a hefty sum of money as consideration. When nothing improved
    even after the lapse of the time limit fixed by the appellant, the complainant
       .r
G   began to doubt the appellant. In the meanwhile when the complainant came
    to know of the news of defrauding of some other persons by the appellant and
    his having mobilised a huge sum of money from his devotees, the complainant
    lodged ~he complaint. After investigation, the police presented a final report
    before the Magistrate referring it to be a case as "mistake of fact" on the
    ground that this was a kind of religious belief in India among devotees of
H   God. However, disagreeing with the said report, the Magistrate ordered for
                                          870
                  B.S.S.V.V. MAHARAJv. STATE OF A.P.                       871
reinvestigation. The police, after reinvestigation, filed a report holding that A
the appellant had committed an offence under Section 420 IPC. The Magistrate,
taking cognizance of the offence on the said report, issued warrant of arrest
against the appellant.

      The appellant approached the High Court for quashing of the
proceedings before the Magistrate on the grounds that the Magistrate had B
no jurisdiction to order reinvestigation without affording an opportunity to
the appellant after receipt of the first report of the police and that the
allegations levelled against him in the complaint failed to constitute the
offence of cheating. The High Court dismissed the said petition. Hence this
appeal                                                                       C
      The appellant contended that the offence of cheating was not made out
from the allegations levelled against him in view of the admitted fact that the
complainant reposed faith only in the divine powers which appellant would
only have offered to invoke through rituals and prayers.
                                                                                  D
      Dismissing the appeal, this Court

      HELD : 1. If somebody offers his prayers to God for healing the sick,
there cannot normally be any element of fraud but if he represents to another
that he has divine powers and either directly or indirectly makes that another
person believe that he has such divine powers, it is inducement referred to E
in Section 415 IPC. Anybody who responds to such inducement pursuant to
it and gives the inducer money or any other article and does not get the
desired result is a victim of the fraudulent representation. Court can in such
a situation presume that the offence of cheating falling within the ambit of
Section 420 IPC has been committed. It is for the accused, in such a
situation, to rebut the presumption. [873-H; 874-A-B]                          F
      2. Power of the police to conduct further investigation, after laying
final report, is recognised under Section 173 (8) of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973. Even after the Court took cognizance of any offence on the
strength of the police report first submitted, it is open to the police to G
conduct further investigation. The only rider provided on the said power of
conducting further investigation is that it would be desirable that the police
should inform the Court and seek formal permission to make further
investigation. In such situation the power of the police to conduct further
investigation cannot have any inhibition. There is nothing in Section 173 (8)
to suggest that the Court is obliged to hear the accused before any such H
    872                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [1999] 3 S.C.R.

A   direction is made. Casting of any such obligation on the Court would only
    result in encumbering the Court with the burden of searching for all the
    potential accused to be afforded with the opportunity of being beard.
                                                                       [874-D-F)

          Ram Lal Narang v. State (Delhi Administration), AIR (1979) SC 1791,
B   relied on.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    638 of 1999.


c
         From the Judgment and Order dated 12.11.98 of the Andhra Pradesh
    High Court in Crl. P. No. 4836of1998.
                                                                                    ...
          A.K. Bajpai and Radha Shyam Jena for the Appellant.

          G. Prabhakar for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
D
          THOMAS, J. Leave granted.

          A godman is now in the dock. One who was initiated by him as his
    devotee has later turned to be his betenoire, and the godman is facing a
    prosecution for the offence of cheating under Section 420 of the Indian Penal
E   Code. When he moved the High Court to quash the criminal proceedings
    pending against him, the motion was dismissed as per the impugned order
    against which the present appeal has been filed by special leave.

          Facts, thus far developed, are stated below:

F          An FIR happened to be registered on the complaint lodged by one
    Venkatakrishna Reddy with the Town Police Station, Nellore, containing the
    following allegations. Appellant (Sri Bhagwan Samardha Sreepada Vallabha
    Venkata Vishanandha Maharaj) who is a youngman, son of a teacher of
    Gummaluru Village (A.P.) claimed to possess occult faculties and attracted a
    number of devotees. He represented to have divine healing powers through
G
    his touches, particularly of chronic diseases. Complainant approached him for
    healing his 15 year old daughter who is congenitally a dumb child. Appellant
    assured the complainant that the little girl would be cured of her impairment
    through his divine powers. He demanded a sum of Rs. I lac as consideration
    to be paid in instalments. The first instalment demanded was Rs.10,000 which,
H   after some bargaining, was fixed at Rs.5,000. Complainant paid that amount
           B.S.S.V.V. MAHARAJ v. STATE OF A.P. [THOMAS, J.]                   873

and later he paid a further amount of Rs. l ,000 towards incidental expenses. A
He waited eagerly for improvement of his dump child till 1994 which was the
time limit indicated by the appellant for the girl to start speaking. As the child
remained the same, complainant began to entertain doubts. Appellant
postponed the time limit till August 1994 for the girl to develop speech
capacity. A little more amount of Rs.516 was collected for performance of a
yagyan. But unfortunately nothing of such thing brought about any change B
in the girl. In the meanwhile, news of some other persons defrauded by the
appellant reached the ears of the complainant as newspapers started publishing
such other activities indulged in by the appellant. In one such publication it
was mentioned that the appellant had mobilised more than a crore of rupees
from different devotees. It was then that the complainant realised the fraud C
committed by the appellant, according to the complainant. Hence a complaint
was lodged with the police for cheating.

       The police conducted investigation and on 15-12-1994 laid final report
before the Magistrate concerned by referring the case as "mistake of fact"
mainly on the ground that this is a kind of religious belief"prevalent in India D
among devotees of God." According to the appellant, this was not a case of
cheating or breach of trust. But the Magistrate was not prepared to give
accord to the said report. On 2-8-1995 he ordered for "reinvestigation of the
case".
                                                                                         I

      Pursuant to the said order, the police reinvestigated and filed a report       E
on 15-9-1997 holding that appellant has committed the offence under Section
420 of the IPC. The Magistrate took cognizance of the offence on receipt of
the said report and issued warrant of arrest against the appellant.

       Appellant moved the High Court for quashing the proceedings on two            F
grounds. First is that the Magistrate has no juri$diction to order reinvestigation
after receipt of the first report of the police, without affording an opportunity
to the appellant. Second is that allegations of the complainant would not
constitute an offence of cheating. But the High Court dismissed the petition
for which the impugned order was passed.
                                                                                     G
     Learned counsel contended that no offence of cheating can be discerned
from the allegations, particularly in view of the admitted fact that the
complainant reposed faith only in the divine powers which appellant would
only have offered to invoke through rituals and prayers.

      If somebody offers his prayers to God for healing the sick, there cannot H
    874                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [1999] 3 S.C.R.

A   normally be any element of fraud. But if he represents to another that he has
    divine powers and either directly or indirectly makes that another person
    believe that he has such divine powers, it is inducement referred to Section
    415 of the IPC. Anybody who responds to such inducement pursuant to it
    and gives the inducer money or any other article and does not get the desired
    result is a victim of the fraudulent representation. Court can in such a situation
B   presume that the offence of cheating -falling within the ambit of Section 420
    of the IPC has been committed. It is for the accused, in such a situation, to
    rebut the presumption.


C
          So the contention that the allegations do not disclose an offence under
    Section 420 of the IPC has to be repelled and we are of the opinion that the
    Magistrate has rightly taken cognizance of the said offence.
                                                                                         -
          Power of the police to conduct further investigation, after laying final
    report, is recognised under Section 173(8) of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
    Even after the court took cognizance of any-offence on the strength of the
D   police report first submitted, it is open to the police to conduct further
    investigation. This has been so stated by this Court in Ram Lal Narang v.
    State (Delhi Admn.), AIR (1979) SC 1791. The only rider provided by the
    aforesaid decision is that it would be desirable that the police should inform
    the court and seek formal permission to make further investigation.

E          In such a situation the power of the Court to direct the police to
    conduct further investigation cannot have any inhibition. There is nothing in
    Section 173(8) to suggest that the Court is obliged to hear the accused before
    any such direction is made. Casting of any such obligation on the Court
    would only result in encumbering the Court with the burden of searching for
F   all the potential accused to be afforded -~ith the opportunity of being heard.
    As law does not require it, we would not burden the Magistrate with such
    an obligation.

         For the aforesaid reasons, we are unable to interfere with the order
    passed by the Magistrate. Appeal is accordingly dismissed.
G   RC.K.                                                         Appeal dismissed.