STATE OF HARYANA AND ORS.versusBALWAN ETC.

                          STATE OF HARYANA AND ORS.                                     A
                                             v.
                                     BALWANETC.

                                 SEPTEMl3ER 2, 1999

                     (G.T. NANA VA TI AND S.N. PHUKAN JJ.]                              B

             Criminal Procedure Code, 1973-Sections 432 433 and 433A--L:ife
      Convict-Pre-Mature rel~ase of-Remission does not vest right to be released
      prematurely-Rule or Scheme made by the Government for early release of
...   life convict to be treated as guidelines for exercising ofpowers under Article C
      161 of rhe Constitution-Government policy or instructions in force at the
      time of conviction not applicable-Instead the policy decision or instructions
      which were in force at the time the case came up for consideration will
      apply-Held, if life convict has already undergone the sentence for a period
      mentioned in the remission scheme then he has only a right to have his case D
      put up by the prison authorities before the Governor for considering his case
      under Article 161-Constitution of India-Article 161.

            Respondent-life convicts filed writ petitions in the High Court for their
      pre-mature release. The High Court held that for deciding the entitlement
      for pre-mature release it was relevant to consider the government policy/         E
      instructions in force at the time of conviction of the respondent by Trial
      Court and the State Government was not right in applying the subsequent
      policy decisions and instructions that were in force at the time when their
      case came up for consideration. The High Court directed the State
      Government to reconsider their applications. Hence these appeals.
                                                                                        F
            Allowing these appeals, the Court

             HELD : 1.1. By earning remissions a life convict does not acquire a
      right to be released pre-maturely. But ifthe Government has framed any rule
      or made a scheme for early release of such convicts then those rules or
      schemes .will have to be treated as guidelines for exercising i~s power under G
      Article 161 of the Constitution. [214-E]

            1.2 No life convict can validly claim that his case for pre-mature
      release should be considered according to the Government policy/instructions
      that were in force on the date on which he came to be convicted as he
                                           211                                          H
     212                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A acquired a right to get remissions as declared and to be released accordingly.
    If according to the Government Policy/instructions in force at the relevant
     time the life convict has already undergone the sentence for a period
     mentioned in the policy decision/instructions, then the only right which he
    can be said to have acquired is the right to have his case put up by the prison
B   authorities in time before the authorities concerned for considering exercise
    of power under Article 161 of the Constitution. Ordinarily, when an authority
    is called upon to exercise its powers that will have to be done consistently
    with the legal position and the Government decision/instructions prevalent
    at that time. However, in order to see that a life convict does not lose any
    benefit available under the remission scheme which has to be regarded as
C   the guideline, it would be just and proper to direCt the State Government to
    treat the date on which his case is/was required to be put up before the
    Governor under Article 161 of the Constitution as the relevant date with
    reference to which the cases are to be considered. (214-E-H; 215-A]

           Gopal Vinayak Godse v. State of Maharashtra, (1961] 3 SCR 440 and
D Maru Ram v. Union of India, (1991] 1SCC107, relied on.
           1.3. The State Government is directed to reconsider the applications
    ·of the respondents who fall under the purview of the Section 433-A Cr.P.C.
     in accordance with the above legal position. (215-B]

E        CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    9 of 1998 Etc.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 8.5.97 of the Punjab and Haryana
    High Court in Crl. M. No. 4336of1997.

F         Prem Malhotra, Rishi Malhotra, Jasbir Malik, (P. Panneswaran, Ms. Kamini
    Jaiswal, Bhal Singh Malik, Ashok Kumar Singh, Manoj Swarup) (NP),
    S. Murlidhar, Ms. Neeru Vaid K.K. Mohan, Rao Ranjit and Ms. K. Sarada Devi
    for the appearing parties.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
G
           G. T. NANAVATI, J. These appeals arise out of the judgments of the
    Punjab and Haryana High Court in writ partitions filed by "life convicts" for
    their pre-mature release. The High Court held that for deciding their entitlement
    for pre-mature release what was relevant to consider was the Government
H   policy/instructions in force at the tinte of their conviction by the Trial Court
       STATEOFHARYANAv. BALWANETC. [G.T.NANAVATl,J.]                        213
and that the State Government was not right in applying the subsequent             A
policy decisions and instructions that were in force at the time when their
cases were taken up for consideration. Taking this view the High Court
allowed the writ petitions and directed the State Government to reconsider
their applications. The view taken by the High Court is challenged in these
appeals. As the point raised in these appeals is the same they were heard          B
together and are disposed of by this common judgment

      It is not necessary to refer to the facts of these cases or the Government
instructions issued prior to December 18, l 978 when section 433-A came to be
inserted into the Code of Criminal procedure. As laid down by this Court in
Maru Ram v. Union of India [1991] 1 %9~ 107 the power of the State C
Government under Sections 432 and 433 Cr. P.C. cannot now extend beyond
what is provided by Section 433-A. The pre mature release of those convicted
before that date had to be considered on the basis of the relevant Government
instructions and the dates of their convictions. As regards those persons
who have been convicted after Section 433-A came into force and thus fall
within the purview of that section their cases will have to be considered D
consistently with Section 433-A and if life convicts are to be given a la~~er
benefit it can only be done now under Articles 72 and 161 of the constitution.

       The State of Haryana was earlier considering pre mature release of life
convicts in accordance with the rules framed and instructions issued by it in      E
that behalf. To be consistent with the correct legal position emerging after the
enactment of Section 433-A and the decision of this Court in Maru Ram's
case, the State of Haryana modified its policy decision and instructions and
declared that though the cases of life convicts for their pre mature release
will still be governed by the instructions issued by it, in respect of those
convicts who fall within the.purview of Section 433-A their cases will be          F
considered on individual basis and such cases will be put up to the Governor
through the Minister of Jails and Chief Minister, with full background of the
prisoners and recommendation of the State level committee, along with the
copy of the judgment etc., for order under Article 161 of the Constitution of
India. Neither the record of these cases nor the judgments of the High Court       G
make ·it clear when the said change in the instructions was made but it
appears that it was made either sometime in 1982 or latest on June 27, 1984.
Obviously, the cases of the respondents-convicts, who are all life convicts
and fall within the purview of Section 433-A were required to be considered
in accordance with the modified instructions as they could have been released
pre maturely only if an order in that behalf was passed by the state Government    H
    214                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   in exercise of its power under Article 161 of the Constitution .

          As held by this Court in Gopal Vinayak Godse v. State ofMaharashtra,
    [ 1961] 3 SCR 440 and in Maru Ram, by earning remissions a life convict does
    not acquire a right to release, but release would follow only upon an order
    made under the Criminal Procedure Code by the appropriate Government or
B   on a clemency order in exercise of power under Article 72 or 161 of the
    Constitution. This Court observed in Maru Ram as under:

            "Even if the remissions earned have totalled up to 20 years, still the
            State Government may or may not release the prisoner and until such
            a-release order remitting the remaining part of the life sentence is
c           passed , the prisoner cannot claim his liberty. The reason is that life
            sentence is nothing less than lifelong imprisonment. Moreover, the
            penalty then and now is this same -life term. And remission vests no
            right to release when the sentence is life imprisonment ............ nor is
            any vested right to remission cancelled by compulsory 14-years jail
D           life once we realise the truism that a life sentence is a sentence for
            a whole life".

    Thus this Court in clear term has laid down that by earning remissions a life
    convict does not acquire a right to be released pre-maturaly. But if the
    Government has framed any rule or made a scheme for early release of such
E   convicts then those rules or schemes will have to be treated as guidelines for
    exercising its power under Article 161 of the Constitution.

          If this is the correct legal position then no life convict can validly
    contend that his case for !'Te-mature release should be considered according
    to the Government policy/instructions that were in force on the date on which
F   he came to be convicted as he acquired a right to get remissions as. declared
    and to be released accordingly. If according to the Government policy,
    instructions in force at the relevant time the life convict has already undergone
    the sentence for a period mentioned in the policy decision/instructions, then
    the only right which he can be said to have acquired is the right to have his
G   case put up by the prison authorities in time before the authorities concerned·
    for considering exercise of power under Article 161 of the Constitution.
    Ordinarily, when an authority is called upon to exercise its powers that will
    have to be done consistently with the legal position and the Government
    decision/instructions prevalent at that time. However, in order to see that a         ...
    life convict does not loose any benefit available under the remission scheme
H   which has to be regarded as the guideline, it would be just and proper to
              STATEOFHARYANA v. BAL WAN ETC. [G.T. NANAVATI,J.]                215
    direct the State Government to treat the date on which his case, is was           A
,   required to be put up before the Governor under Article 161 of the Constitution
    as the relevant date with reference to which their cases are to be considered.
    The direction given by the High Court is not consistent with the decision of
    this Court in Maru Ram and the view which we are now taking and, therefore,
    it has to be set aside.
                                                                                      B
          Accordingly, we allow these appeals, set aside the impugned judgments
    of the High Court. The State Government to re-consider the applications of
    the respondents, who fall under the purview of the Section 433-A Cr.P.C., in
    accordance with the correct legal position pointed out above. The State
    Government is directed to do so within 15 days from the date of receipt of        C
-   the order of this Court.

    N .. J.                                                     Appeals allowed.




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