STATE OF M.P.versusGANEKAR MOTGHARE

                             STATE OF M.P.
A                                  v.
                          GANEKAR MOTGHARE

                            NOVEMBER 21, 1989

B       [K.N. SINGH, M.H. KANIA AND KULDIP SINGH, JJ.]

          Fundamental. Rules: F.R. 56(j)-Civil servant-Compulsory
    retirement of-Head of Department awarding adverse remarks in
    character roll-Screening Committee consisting of Head of Department
    and others recommending compulsory retirement-Order of retire-
    ment-Whether hit by doctrine of bias.
c
          The respondent was sought to be retired compulsorily from
    service by an order dated August 21, 1984 on attaining the age of 55
    years under Rule 56 of the Fundamental Rules, pursuant to the Screen-
    ing Committee's recommendation. He challenged the said order in a
D   writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution.

          The High Court quashed the said order on the finding that the
    participation of the Head of the Department in the deliberation of the
    Screening Committee had vitiated its recommendation, and order of the
    State Government on the doctrine of bias, since he had on an earlier
E   occasion awarded adverse remarks against the respondent.

          Allowing the appeal by special leave, the Court,

        HELD: I. The presence of Head of Department in the Screening
    Committee did not vitiate its recommendation. Consequently the State
F   Government's order could not he quashed. [251E]

           2.1 The object and purpose of Fundamental Rules 56 conferring
    power on the Government to prematurely terminate the service of a
    Government servant is to ensure efficiency in the administration by
    weeding out dead-wood who may have outlived their utility. In the
G   instant case, while exercising this power the State Government bad
    constituted a high powered Screening Committee consisting of senior
    officials of the Staie Govermnent and the Head of the Department. [250D-F]

          2 .2 The Head of Department bad performed bis duty in recording ~
    opinion in the respondent's character roll as no other person was
H   entitled under the mies to adjudge respondent's work and conduct. As

                                      248
          STATE OF M.P. v. GANEKAR MOTGHARE [SINGH, J.]                249

a member of the Screening Committee he was performing duty assigned
                                                                               A
to him under the rules and Government order for screening records of
the officers. He was the best person to assess the efficiency and utility of
employees working in his department. He had no personal interest in
the matter and there was no conflict between his personal interest and
his duties as member of the Screening Committee. Therefore, there
could not be any question of bias or malice in law. [250H, 251C, 250F]         B

      J.N. Sinha v. Union of India, [1971] l SCR 791, referred to.

      A.K. Kraipak & Ors. etc. v. Union of India, [1970] l SCR 457,
distinguished.

      3. Since the respondent had been reinstated in service after the         c
High Court order and he has now retired from service on attaining the
age of snperannuation, the State Government should not take any steps
for reducing his pension by treating him to have retired with effect from
August 21, 1984. [251F-G)
                                                                               D
      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 4756
of 1989.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 6. 9 .1985 of the Madhya
Pradesh High Court in Civil Misc. Petition No. 465 of 1984.
                                                                               E
      S.K. Agnihotri for the Appellant.

      S.K. Gambhir for the Respondent.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                               F
      K.N. SINGH, J. Special leave granted.

     This appeal is directed against the order of the High Court of
Madhya Pradesh, Jabalpur, 'Gwalior Bench dated 6.9.1985 quashing
the State Government's order dated 21.8.1984 pre-maturely retiring the
respondent from service.                                                       G

      The respondent was holding the post of Deputy Director of
Geology and Mining in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The State
Government constituted a committee for screening the service roll of
its employees for considering the question of compulsory retirement
on attaining the age of 35 years. The Screening Committee which                H
    250         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [ 1989] Supp. 2 S.C.R.

   included Shri S.S. Dave, Director of Geology and Mining Department
   of the Government of Madhya Pradesh, on examining the service
   records of the respondent made recommendation to the Government
   for his pre-mature retirement. Pursuant to the Screenin_g Committee's
    recommendation ,the State Government by its order dated 21.8.1984
   retired the respondent compulsorily from service under Rule 56 of the
H Fundamental Rules. The respondent challenged the validity of the
    State Government's order by means of a writ petition under Article
    226 of the Constitution before the High Court (Gwalior Bench). The
  . High Court quashed the State Government's order on the finding that
    the participation of Shri S.S. Dave in the deliberation of the Screening
    Committee vitiated its recommendation and also consequently order
    of the State Government on the doctrine of bias. The High Court
c further held that since Shri S.S. Dave had on an earlier occasion
    awarded adverse remarks against the respondent he was biased in law
    and therefore he was disqualified to be a member of the Screening
    Committee and his participation in the Screening Committee rendered
    his recommendation invalid. The High Court placed reliance on the
D decision of this Court in A.K. Kraipak & Ors. etc. v. Union of India,
    [1970] 1SCR457.

          After hearing learned counsel for the parties at length we are of
   the opinion that this appeal must succeed. The object and purpose of
   Fundamental Rule 56 conferring power on the Government to pre-
E maturely terminate the service of a Government servant is to ensure
   efficiency in the administration by weeding out dead-wood officials
   who may have outlived their utility as observed by this Court in J.N.
   Sinha'" Union of India, [1971] 1 SCR 791. While exercising this power
   the State Government constituted a high-powered Committee consist-
   ing of senior officials of the State Government and S.S. Dave being the
F Head of Department of Geology and Mining was a member of the
   Screening Committee. As Head of Department he was the best person
   to assess the efficiency and utility of employees working in the Depart-
   ment of Geology and Mining. His presence in the Committee was
   necessary. to have a fair and correct assessment of the work and con-
   duct of the employees of that Department for the purposes of making
   recommendations to the Government. While it is true that as Head of
G
   Department he had awarded adverse remarks to the respondent 9n an
   earlier occasion but that does not mean that he had any malice against
  -the respondent, in fact no malice had been pleaded by the respondent
   against ·S.S. Dave. As Head of Department Dave had performed his
   duty in 'recording his opinion in the respondent's character roll as no
H other 'person was entitled under the rules to adjudge his work and
         STATE OF M.P. v. GANEKAR MOTGHARE [SINGH, J.]                251

conduct. No doubt bias and malice both vitiate decision of an autho-         A
rity. But by no stretch of imagination Dave could be held to have been
biased against the respondent merely because on an earlier occasion
he had in the performance of his duties awarded an adverse remark to
the respondent.

      The High Court committed serious error in holding that malice          B
in law was writ large on the face of the proceedings of the Screening
Committee, although no malice in fact had been pleaded against him.
In coming to that conclusion the High Court placed reliance of
Kraipak's case. As a member of the Screening Committee Shri Dave
was performing duty assigned to him under the rules and Government
order for screening records of the officers. He had no personal interest     c
in the matter and there was no conflict between his personal interest
and his du,ties as member of the Screening Committee, therefore there
could not be any question of bias or malice in law. In Kraipak's case an
officer who was himself a candidate for selection was a member of the
selection committee and selection was held to be vitiated on the ground
that there was a conflict between that officer's personal interest and his
duties as he was judge of his own cause. The principles laid down in
Kraipak's case do not apply to the facts of the instant case.

       We are therefore of the opinion that Dave's presence in the
Screening Committee did not vitiate the recommendation made by the
Committee in any manner, consequently the State Government's                 E
order could not be quashed. The High Court had no valid reason to
hold that the Screening Committee was not properly constituted and
that its recommendations were unconstitutional. We accordingly allow
the appeal, set aside the order of the High Court, and dismiss the
respondent's writ petition but we make no order as to costs.
                                                                             F
      Although we have upheld the State Government's order but we
would like to observe that since the respondent had been reinstated in
service after the High Court order and he has now retired from service on
attaining the age of superannuation, the State Government should not
take any steps for reducing his pension by treating him to have retired
with effect from 21.8.1984.                                                  G

P.S.S.                                                  Appeal allowed.