Supreme Court of India

STATE OF PUNJAB AND ORS.versusINDER SINGH AND ORS.

Citation: 1997 INSC 687
Decided: 3 October 1997
Disposal: Appeal(s) allowed
Bench: SUJATA V MANOHAR

Holding

Repatriation of deputed officers to their parent department is mandatory; only those with 20 years of qualifying service may elect voluntary retirement in the rank held in CID, otherwise they must revert to their original post.

Summary

The State of Punjab ordered the repatriation of constables who had been deputed to the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) for many years, directing them to return to their parent police departments as constables or head constables. The respondents challenged the order, arguing that they should retain the higher ranks earned in CID, be considered for promotion in their parent cadre, and that the repatriation violated Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court held that deputation is a temporary transfer and, on expiry, officers must revert to their original posts unless they have earned a substantive promotion in the parent cadre. Promotions earned on deputation do not create a right to retain the higher post in the parent department, and the repatriation order is not unconstitutional. However, the Court affirmed the High Court’s direction that respondents with at least 20 years of qualifying service may opt for voluntary retirement in the rank they hold in CID, with service counted up to the date of judgment. All other respondents must revert to their parent department, and the appeals were allowed, setting aside the impugned judgment except for the voluntary retirement provision.

Issues considered

Whether officers deputed to CID can be repatriated to their parent police department without retaining the rank earned on deputation
Whether the repatriation order violates the equality provisions of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution
Whether service rendered in CID can be counted for promotion or seniority in the parent cadre
Whether the respondents are entitled to be absorbed in CID or to voluntary retirement after long deputation

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 14, s. Article 16
Police Act, 1861

Subjects

deputationrepatriationservice lawpolicepromotionvoluntary retirementArticles 14Articles 16senioritypensionCID

Judgment

STATE OF PUNJAB AND ORS. A
v.
INDER SINGH AND ORS.

OCTOBER 3, 1997

[SUJATAV.MANOHARANDD.P. WADHWA,JJ.) B

Service law:

Deputation-Meaning of-Service outside the cadre or the Department
on temporary basis-On expiry of the deputation period the employee has to C
come back to his parent Department on the same position/rank unless he has
earned promotion in his parent Department as per rule.

Deputation-Repatriation from-Employees served on deputation for
very long period and during deputation earned promotions on ad hoc basis-
On repatriation, employees have to work on the lower post in their parent D
department-If they retired on deputation they would earn pension on the
basis of their holding high ranks, though the pension being paid by the
parent Department-Longer period of deputation created a false hope in the
employees that they would, continue there till retirement-Held, the
deputation could not be without consent of the employees, they would,
E
therefore, know their rights and privileges in the deputation post-Hence,
repatriation from deputation cannot be resisted by the employees-However,
equity permits that such deputationists who had completed 20 years on
deputation could seek voluntary retirement.

The respondents were enrolled as Constables in the Police Department F
and later deputed to Crime Investigation Department (CID) of the State Police.
They served for long years in the CID and during the course of their deputation
they earned promotion on ad-hoc basis and some of them reached the rank of
Sub-Inspector. They were sought to be repatriated to their parent departments
and they were to go back to their parent departments as Constables or Head
Constables even though during deputation period they earned any promotions G
in their parent department. The respondents filed writ petition challenging
the order of repatriation. High court held that the order of repatriation was
legal and could not be set aside. It, however, directed that (1) if the respondent
sought voluntary retirement from the posts they were holding in CID, the
order of repatriation would not come in their way and their retirement be H
425
426 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A considered on the basis of the posts they were holding in CID; and (2) the
seniority of the respondents in their parent department be determined by
giving them the benefit of service they rendered in CID. Hence, the present
appeals by way of special leave.
Disposing of the appeals, the Court
B HELD: 1. The 'Deputation' is deputing or transferring an employee to
a post outside his cadre, that is to say, to another department on a temporary
basis. After the expiry of the period of deputation, the employee has to come
back to his parent department to occupy the same position unless in the
meanwhile he has earned promotion in his parent department as per the
c recruitment rules. Whether the transfer is outside the normal field of the
employment or not is decided by the authority who controls the service or
post from which the employee is transferred. There can be no deputation
without the consent of the person so deputed and he would, therefore, know
his rights and privileges in the deputation post. Hence, repatriation from
deputation cannot be resisted by the employees. [439-F-G)
D·
D.M Bharti v. L.M Sud & Ors., (1991) Supp. 2 SCC 162; Ratilal B.
Soni & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Ors., [1990) 1 SCR 414; Puranjit Singh
v. Union Territory of Chandigarh & Ors., [1994) Supp. 3 SCC 471 and R.
Prabha Devi & Ors. v. Government of India, Through Secretary, Ministry of
Personnel and Training, Administrative Reforms & Ors., (19881 3 SCR 147,
E relied on.

T. Shantharam v. State of Karnataka & Ors., [1995) 2 SCC 538 and
Narayan Yeshwant Gore v. Union of India & Ors., (1995) 4 SCC 470,
distinguished.
p Narender Chadha & Ors. v. Union ofIndia, [1986) 2 SCC 157, referred
to.
2. The Constables on deputation to CID have reached higher ranks and
retired from CID in those ranks. A hope, though not true, is instilled in
officers like the respondents that they would continue in the CID holding high
G ranks till th~ age ofsuperannuation. The conduct of the appellants in suddenly
asking the respondents to go back to their parent departments when they have
put in best years of their life in CID wo11ld appear to be rather unjust. It would
have been more appropriate for the appellant to repatriate the respondent after
the expiry of the initial period of deputation or at least they should have been
told the consequence of their continuing on deputation and sudden
H repatriation. It would also be more appropriate, considering the fa<.:t that the
STATE v. INDER SINGH [D.P. WADHWA, J.] 427

deputation in CID could be for any number of years, that the rules are amended A
and a separate cadre is created in CID to absorb the officers, if they are on
deputation for a number of years. It is said that Constables who have come on
deputation to CID retired while holding high ranks in CID and they earned
their pension on the basis of their holding high ranks though the pension
was being paid by their parent department. This may be on the basis of relevant B
pension rules as applicable in the State. Now, if the respondents go back to
their parent department and work there as Constables or Head Constables
their emoluments would be reduced considerably and they would be deprived
of getting higher pension when they retired. Hence, the High Court was
justified in giving the option to the respondents to seek voluntary retirement
as per the relevant Rules and the order be affirmed to the extent that option C
be given to all those respondents who have put in 20 years qualifying service
as per the relevant rule to seek voluntary retirement from the CID in the
ranks they are holding and they will be deemed to have worked in CID upto
the date of this judgement. The option shall be given within 30 days.
(440-G-H; 441-A-C] D
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 1293-1303 of
1995.

From the Judgment and Order dated 3.9.94 of the Punjab & Haryana
High Court in L.P.A. Nos. 885-892of1994.
WITH E
C.A. Nos. 8302/95 and 1939/97.
AND
C.A. Nos. 7137-38 and 7145-47/97.

P.P. Rao, S.K. Bagga (Sanjay Bansal) for R.S. Sodhi, Mrs. Sureshta F
Bagga, Seeraj Bagga, Ms. Tanuj Bagga, Ujjal Singh, K.P. Singh, (J.P. Singh)
for R.C. Kaushik, (Neeraj K. Jain and U.S. Prasad) Ms. Abha R. Sharma, M.K.
Dua and A.O. Sikri for the appearing parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
G
D.P. WADHWA, J. Leave granted in all the special leave petitions.

In this batch of appeals, it is the State of Punjab in the Police Department
which is the appellant. There are in all 18 respondents. They were all enrolled
as Constables in the Police Department and later deputed to the Criminal
Investigation Department (CID) of the Punjab Police. During the course of H
428 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A their deputation, they earned promotions on ad hoc basis and some of the
respondents reached the rank of ad hoc Sub-Inspectors. When they were
sought to be repatriated to their parent departments, they were to go back
as Constables or Head-constables if in the meanwhile on deputation they
earned any promotion in their parent departments. They had served for long
B years in the CID and the prospect of going back as Constables was not to
their liking. They, therefore, approached the High Court of Punjab and Haryana
by filing writ petitions which were allowed to an extent. The High Court did
say that the order of repatriation of the respondents being legal could not be
set aside as such. However, directions were issued that the cases of the
respondents in their parent departments be considered for promotions on the
C relevant dates when persons junior to them were promoted at different levels
and, if necessary, even to relax the rules. In some of the cases two directions
were given, namely, (I) if the respondents sought voluntary retirement from
the posts they were holding in CID, the order of repatriation would not come
in their way and their cases for voluntary retirement be considered on the
D basis of the posts they were holding in CID; and (2) to determine the seniority
of the respondents in their parent departments by giving them the benefit of
service they rendered in CID and consequently to be considered for promotion
with effect from the date the persons junior to them were promoted.

To understand the rival contentions, we shall consider the case of Inder
E Singh one of the respondents (CA Nos. 1293-1303of1995). He was enrolled
in the Punjab Police on August 31, 1966 as Constable and on April 13, 1969
was sent on deputation to CID in the same rank. He was sought to be
repatriated on September 15, I 990 while he was holding the rank of ad hoc
Sub-Inspector. During this period of deputation, lnder Singh, by order dated
February 19, 1985 was promoted as officiating Head-Constable after giving
F him exemption under the relevant rules which we will consider hereinafter. In
the parent. Department, he was holding the substantive rank of Head Constable.
During the pendency of the writ petition in the High Court, we are told that
there was stay of order of repatriation. Inder Singh was not, however, given
any posting till the judgment was delivered by the High Court. On November
G 7, 1994, he was posted in the CID unit at Faridkot. However, this joining was
subject to final decision of the present appeal. This Court at the time of the
admission of the special leave petition granted status quo which is continuing.
The appellant has, therefore, contended that from the date of repatriation,
Inder Singh remained absent, uptil November 6, 1994. Taking into account this
period of four years, Inder Singh was on deputation in CID for over 28 years.
H We may note that the Department has not taken any action against Inder
·,

' I
STATEv. INDERSINmi'10.P. WADHWA,J.) 429

Singh'for his alleged absence from the date of the order of repatriation till the A
order of his rejoining CID and his posting at Faridkot. The High Court in
granting relief to respondents negatived the contention of the State that the
respondents could not be promoted to higher posts in their parent departments
without passing the various departmental examinations as per the relevant
Rules. That was how the High c.ourt dealt with these contentions first by
allowing the writ petitions by the leam.ed single Judge and then on appeal B
before the Division Bench filed by the State against the judgment of the
learned single Judge. The High Court was of the view that in terms of sub-
rule (3) of Rule 21.25 of the Punjab Police Rules, when an officer borne on
the rolls of a district or range reached a place in seniority which would entitle
him to be considered for substantive promotion if he were serving in the C
establishment to which he belonged permanently, he shall be informed and
given the opportunity to return to the district.Police force. The Court said that
admittedly, the writ petitioner, who was sent on deputation to the CID, was
not so informed and given the opportunity to return to his parent Department
when he was entitled to be considered for substantive promotion to the
higher post. As held by the learned single Judge, the appellant Who failed in. D
its statutory duty to inform the writ petitioner when his juniors in the parent
department were considered for promotion to the higher post, could not take
advantage of its own wrong. The writ petitioner while on deputation to CID,
Intelligence Department, was found fit and had been promoted as Sub-Inspector
on 12th December, 1989, and was holding that post on the date when the E
order for the repatriation to his parent department was issued. The High Court
said that in view of such peculiar facts, it would be a good ground for relaxing
the rule for considering him for promotion to the higher posi· with effect from
.the date his immediate juniors were so promoted in accordance with the
directions given by the learned single Judge.· The respondent in the writ
petitions had prayed for writ of certiorari for quashing the order ofrepatriation F
and a writ of mandamus directing the petitioner to absorb him in CID ·
(Intelligence Department) where he had put in 23 years of service or directing
the petitioner to determine the seniority of the respondent in his parent
department after giving him benefit of service which he had rendered for 23
years in the CID and consequently to promote him from the date when his G
juniors were promoted.
The Rules are called Punjab Police Rules and have been framed under
the Pqlice Act, 1861. It is not necessary for us to quote the relevant Rules
in extenso except Rule 21.25 dealing with deputation to CJD which is as under:
"21.25(1) Upper and lower subordinate posts other than those of H
430 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A Inspectors in the Criminal Investigation Department shall be filled by
the deputation of suitable men from districts for a periods of three
years extensible but not more than two years at a time at the discretion
of the Deputy Inspector-General, Criminal Investigation Department.

(2) A Police officer on deputation to the Criminal Investigation
B Department will retain his original position in the cadre of his district
or range. While in the Criminal Investigation Department he will be
eligible for officiating promotion in that branch; on reversion from the
Criminal Investigation Department he will assume his place in his
original cadre. Officiating promotion may be given in the district or
range fn the place of an officer deputed to the Criminal Investigation
c Department, such officiating post lapsing on the officer's reversion.
(3) When an officer borne on the rolls of a district or range reaches
a place in seniority which would entitle him to be considered for
substantive promotion if he were serving in the establishment to
which he belongs permanently, he shall be informed and given the
D opportunity of returning to district police work. No officer on
deputation to the Criminal Investigation Department shall be
substantively promoted to Head Constable or higher rank unless both
the Deputy Inspector-General, Criminal Investigation Department and
the Deputy Inspector-General of the range to which he belongs agree
that he is qualified for such promotion by all the· prescribed standards.
E
·(4) The Deputy Inspector-General, Criminal Investigation Department,
may make recommendation on behalf of, Sub-Inspectors serving under
him to the Deputy Inspector-General of the range and the Inspector-
.General of Police, respectively, for promotion to the selection grade or
admission to List F. A Sub-Inspector who becomes eligible while
F serving in the Criminal Investigation Department for grade promotion
in the selection grade, shall receive such promotion, if the Deputy
Inspector-General of the range and Criminal Investigation Department
agree that he is fit for it.
(5) Annual reports on upper subordinates serving on deputation in
G the Criminal Investigation Department shall be sent by the Deputy
Inspector-General, Criminal Investigation Department, to the range
Deputy Inspector-General concerned for record and other necessary
action.
(6) In very exceptional cases and for the political branch only and with
H the written sanction of the Deputy Inspector-General personally, direct
STATE v. INDER SINGH [D.P. WADHWA, J.] 431
enrolment as constable ot in higher ranks, may be made to the Criminal A
Investigation Department. Specialists shall, however, when possible,
be entertained on contract terms, so that their services may be
dispensed with when their utility ceases or deteriorates.

21.25. (A) The Deputy Inspector-General, Criminal Investigation
Department, shall have complete disciplinary control over all police B
officers while serving in the Criminal Investigation Department."

Rules also describe the duties of CID but that is not necessary for us
to refer to.

Rules relating to promotion and deputation are quite specific and there
c
is no ambiguity about them. Each district/Range (Districts are grouped into.
Ranges) has its own cadre of officers upto certain ranks. We are concerned
with the rank upto Sub-Inspector. Promotion from one rank to another and
from one grade to another in the same rank is on the basis of selection-cum-
seniority. What factors are to be .taken into consideration for promotion have D
been set out in Rule 13.l and which are of general nature. Upto the rank of
Sub-Inspector five lists A,B,C,D and E are to be maintained for the purposes
of promotions from the Constables and contain the names of the candidates
as per their seniority after they have fulfilled the specified requirements. List
A contains the names of the Constables who were eligible for promotion to E
the selection grade and is maintained by the Superintendent of Police of the
District. List B contains the names of all Constables selected from admission
to the promotion course for Constables at ~e Police Training College. Selection
is made in the month of January each year and is limited to the number of
seats allotted to the district for the year with twenty percent reserve. A
Departmental Promotion Committee is constituted which conducts tests in F
general law (Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Indian Evidence
Act and Local and Special Laws), interviews and examination of records and
prepares the merit list. Rule 13. 7 (2) prescribes the eligibility criteria of the
Constables who are to be entered in List B. Those Constables who have
passed the Lower School Course at Police Training College, Phillaur and are G
considered eligible for promotion to Head Constables are entered in List-C.
Promotion to Head Constables are made in accordance with the principles set
out in Rule 13.1 (I) and (2). Selection grade Constables who have not passed
the Lower School Course but are ·otherwise considered suitable can be
promoted to Head Constables upto a maximum of ten per cent of vacancies
but that can be done with the approval of the Deputy Jnspectcr-General of H
432 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A Police. Similarly List-D is maintained for selection for admission to the·
promotion course for Head Constables at the Police Training College is made
from amongst, all the confirmed Head Constables. Eligibility for admission to
the promotion course for Head Constables is prescribed in Rule 13.9(1). Those
Head Constables who qualify at Police Training College in the promotion
course for Head Constables fine! their names entered in Part-I of List-D. Rule
B 13 .9(2) prescribes that names of outstanding Head Constables who have not
passed the promotion course for Head Constables due to being over-age but
otherwise are of exceptional merit and are considered suitable may, with the
approval oflnspector-General of Police, be entered in Part II of List D. Further
under this sub-rule not more than I 0% of the posts of Assistant Sub-Inspectors
C will be filled from the names in Part II of List D. Promotions to the posts of
Assistant Sub-Inspectors are to be made from List D (Part-II). Similar procedure
is prescribed for promotion of all Assistant Sub-Inspectors to Sub-Inspector
from List E (Part- I) which contains the names of Assistant Sub-Inspectors
who qualified for promotion course for Assistant Sub-Inspectors at Police
Training College. List E is also in two parts. Part II of List E contains the
D names of Assistant Sub-Inspectors of exceptional merit who have not qualified
the course for Assistant Sub-Inspectors at Police Training College and are
considered suitable for promotion.

CID does not have a cadre of its own officers upto the rank of Sub-
E Inspectors. Rules 21.25 states that posts other than those of Inspectors in
CID shall be filled by the deputation of suitable men from districts for a period
of three years extensible but not 1 more than two years at a time at the
discretion of the Deputy Inspector-General, CID. A police officer on deputation
to the CID retains his original position in the cadre of the district or range.
While in the CID he is eligible for officiating promotion in that branch but on
F reversion from CID he assumes his place in his original cadre. Sub-rule (2) of
Rule 21.25 also prescribes that officiating promotion may be given in the
district or range in the place of an officer deputed to CID but such officiating
post lap_sing on the officer's reversion. Under sub-rule (3) of this rule when
an officer while on deputation in CID reaches a place in seniority in that
G district he is entitled to be considered for substantive promotion as if he was
serving in that district but he shall be informed and given the opportunity of
returning to his district police work. This sub-rule further prescribes that no
officer on deputation to CID shall be substantively promoted to Head Constable
or higher r~nk unless both the Deputy Inspector-General, CID and the Deputy
Inspector-General of the range to which the officer belongs agree that he is
H qualified for such promotion by all the prescribed standards. It would appear
STATEv. lNDERSINGH[D.P. WADHWA,J.] 433
that under this sub-rule Inder Singh while on deputation with CID earned his A
promotion as officiating Head Constables without his having to have passed
Lower School Course in Phillaur and thus promoted to Head Constable out
of I 0 per cent of vacancies as having been found suitable for the promotion.

In the writ petition of Inder Singh he raised the following four questions
which according to him needed consideration : B
"(i) Whether the respondents were bound to absorb the petitioner in
the CID Intelligence Department where he has put in 23 years service
and he had excellent and unblemished service record?

(ii) Whether the respondents are justified in repatriating the petitioner C
after more than 23 years of service and that too without giving him
any benefit of 23 years of service which he has rendered in the CID,

- Intelligence Department?

(iii) Whether the respondents are justified in repatriating the petitioner
as Constable to his parent department when his juniors have been D
promoted and are working on the post of Sub-Inspectors and
Inspectors?

(iv) Whether the order of repatriation is discriminatory and violative
of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India?"
E
As to what relief the High Court granted we have noted above.

We find that the respondents have not challenged their repatriation to
their respective districts on the rolls of which they are borne but what they
contend, is that they should hold the same position there as they were holding
in CID. They submitted that while they were on deputation to CID their F
juniors have been promoted and now if they go back they have to work under
them .. These contentions do not appear to us to be correct. For one the
respondents do not have any right to hold on the post which they were
having in CID in their parent department and (2) they were holding the posts
in CID only on ad hoc basis. Appellants have brought on record a chart to G
show that even Constables who were senior to the respondents are still
working as Constable as they could not qualify for further promotion in terms
of the Rules mentioned above. In the case of Inder Singh no Constable junior
to him has been promoted and there are 65 Constable who are senior to ·1nder
Singh who are still working as Constables. Respondents have then contended
that as per sub-rule (3) of Rule 21.25 they were never informed and given no H
434 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A opportunity of returning to their respective districts after they reached their
places in seniority of their districts entitling them to be considered for
substantive promotion. In the case of Inder Singh appellants have stated that
old record of test for List-B was not traceable. However, Inder Singh has
given his unwillingness to undergo Intermediate School in the term commencing
B with effect from April I, 1990 to October I, 1990. FQ_r promotion from Constable
to Head Constable passing of B-1 test is 'a must. Jnder Singh was not eligible
to appear in the test for the first three years as he had not completed three
years of service. Subsequently also he did not appear in any test held for the
purpose. However, he was promoted on February 19, 1985 as officiating Head
Constable by order of the Senior Superintendent of Police Ludhiana from List
C C having been given exemption. Appellants have stated that since test is held
in January every year circulars/letters are issued to the organisations including
the CID where their employees are working asking them to appear in the test.
This test is held on the same date throughout the State. The Constables who

D
are eager to compete are always on the alert to appear in the test as it is
known to all the Constables that the test is being held. Appellants have also
brought on record that apart from the fact that every Constable on deputation
-
in CID would come to know of the test, the respondents were also individually
informed except that in the case of one or two of the respondents records
were not available to show that they had also been individually informed of
the test being held. On the dates of holding of the test eligible candidates
E assemble at the prescribed place where the test is conducted. Several
Constables serving in the CID on deputation appeared in B-1 test. So it is
very well known to every Constable wherever he may be, the appellants
submit. It would, therefore, appear to us that there cannot be any excuse that
the candidates were not aware of the holding of the test.

F It is then submitted that deputation to CID could not exceed a period
of five years and after the expiry of this period the respondents should have
been sent back to their respective districts and that after all this period on
deputation to CID now asking them to appear in test would not only be
irregular but arbitrary as well. We do not think that sub-rule (I) of Rule 21.25
G limits the deputation to CID for a maximum period of five years. In the first
instance deputation is for three years and it can be extended for not more than
two years at a time. It cannot be said that after three years the extension is
for further two years and no more. We have to give an ordinary meaning to
the words used in the sub-rule. We however, agree with the respondents that
every time deputation was extended they should have been informed of their
H rights in CID while on deputation vis-a-vis their parent department.
STATEv. INDER SINGH'[D.P. WADHWA, J.] 435
Mr. P.P. Rao learned counsel for the appellant-State of Punjab, submitted A
that repatriation of the respondents was necessary as Government thought
of injecting fresh blood· in CID. It appears to be rather a specious plea. It is
not disputed that officers having put in more years than the respondents are
still working on deputation in CID. No reason is forth-coming as to why the
respondents are the only persons who are picked up to be repatriated. But B
since this question was not raised in these terms we are not called upon to
decide the same.

It was then submitted by the respondents that deputation to CID had
no meaning as all the police departments in the State are headed by the
Inspector General of Pot;ce who is also the administrative head of CID. C
Reference in this connection was made to Rules 1.2, 1.4. and 1.5. It is,
however, not necessary for us to refer to these Rules as we do not find any
substance in this contention. Rules are statutory and each district/range in
the State has a separate cadre of its officers. There is no cadre of officers up
to the rank of sub Inspector in CID and the officers upto this· rank are drawn
from various districts in the State. Merely because the administrative head D
of all the police departments in the State is one it cannot be said that there
can be no rule for deputation to a particular department in the whole of the
police establishment in the State. If we refer to the Rule 2 I .25 Deputy Inspector
General, CID has complete disciplinary control over all the police officer while
serving in that department. On this very reasoning, there is no scope for the E
argument that respondents be absorbed in CID as this Department has no
cadre of its own upto the rank of Sub-Inspector.

It was than submitted that officers in CID are of exceptional merit and
they have vast experience of conducting investigation and in fact they help
the district police in the conduct of investigation and that they should be F
given exemption from appearing in tests or undergoing any training in the
Police Training School and that they should be promoted in IO per cent quota
meant for officers of special qualities. If th~is done it will certainly be in
violation of the statutory rules. Promotion has to be by prescribed standards.
Moreover it is nobody's case that any vacancy exists to which the respondents
could have been promoted. In any case, we are not impressed with this G
argument.

Mr. Bagga appearing for some of the respondents submitted that the
case of Amrit Kumar (CA 1297/95) was different. In his writ petition (No. 8979
of 1991) in the High Court it was mentioned in the order dated June 12, 1991
that Amrit Kumar was working as Sub-Inspector in CID and was being H
436 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A repatriated as Head Constable to his parent department. The High Court
ordered that he shall be repatriated as Sub-Inspector .and it shall be open to
the authorities to detennine his seniority in the parent department in accordance
with law. On clarification sought by the State the court order dated March 6,
1992 states that it shall be open to the Department to detennine the seniority
B of Amrit Kumar and post him to the post he was entitled to and that the order
dated June 12, 1991 would not confer any benefit on him. We, therefore, fail
to see how this case is any different or that Amrit Kumar would b~ posted
as Sub Inspector in his parent department on repatriation.

During course of arguments; certain decisions of this Court were referred
C to on the question of deputation and the right of the deputationist on his
repatriation. These, we may note. In D.M Bharti v. L.M Sud & Ors., [1991]
Supp. 2 SCC 162, the appellant who was working as a Tracer in Municipal

-
Corporation Ahmedabad went to Town Planning Establishment by way of
deputation. In the Town Planning Establishment, the appellant was promoted
as Junior Draftsman and there was a proposal to promote him further as
D Surveyor-cum Draftsman. But before this promotion could materialise, the
Town Planning Establishment was wound up. The appellant, was, therefore,
reverted back to his parent department, i.e., the Municipal Corporation and
posted as a Tracer and not as a Junior Draftsman. The appellant treated this
as a reversion and challenged the same. This Court said that it was not
E reversion and that when the appellant left the Municipal Corporation and
joined the Town Planning Establishment, he was a Tracer and he could go
back only as a Tracer subject, however, that if in the meantime, while he was
on deputation, he had qualified for proinotion to a higher post in the parent
department, that benefit couid not be denied to him. The Court said that
promotions earned by an employee on deputation did not enjoin any protection
F and that on repatriation, he could be accommodated only on its original post
or to the post to which he stood notionally promoted in the parent department
by having so qualified. In Ratilal B. Soni & Ors. v. State of Gujarat & Ors.,
[ 1990] I SCR4 I 4, the appellant who belonged to the Revenue Department of
the Gujarat Government was allocated to the Panchayat Service on coming
G into force of Gujarat Panchayat Act 1961. He went on deputation as Circle
Inspector in the State Service and was later reverted back to his parent cadre
in the Panchayat Service, This was challenged by the appellant. This Court
held that the appellant being on deputation could be reverted to his parent
cadre at any time and he did not get any right to be absorbed on the
deputation post. In Puranjit Singh v. Union Territory of Chandigarh & Ors,.
H [ 1994] Supp. 3 sec 471, it was held that when a deputationist was repatriated,
STATEv. INDERSINGH [D.P. WADHWA, J.) 437
he could not claim promotions in the parent department on the basis of A
officiation in higher post in the borrowing organisation. In R. Prabha Devi
& Ors. v. Government of India Through Secretary, Ministry of Personnel and
Training. Administrative Reforms & Ors., (1988] 3 SCR 147, the question
before this Court which fell for consideration was whether the service rule
requiring eight years of approved service as Section Officer both for the direct B
recruits as well as for promotees for being eligible for consideration for
promotion to the Grade-I post in the CentralSectetariat Services was arbitrary
being in contravention of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution oflndia. This
Court laid the following principle:

"The rule-making authority is competent to frame rules laying down . C
eligibility condition for promotion to a higher post. When such an
eligibility condition has been laid down by service rules, it cannot be
said that a direct recruit who is senior to the promotees is not required
to comply with the eligibility condition and he . is entitled to be
. considered for promotion to the higher post merely oh the basis of
his seniority. The amended rule in question has specified a period of D
eight years' approved services in the grade of Section Officer as a
condition of eligibility for being considered for promotion to Grade I
Post of C.S.S. This rule is equally applicable to both the direct recruit
Section Officers as well as the promotee Sections Officers. The
submission that a senior Section Officer has a right to be considered E
for promotion to Grade-I post when his juniors who have fulfilled the
eligibility condition are being considered for promotion to the higher
post, Grade I, is wholly unsustainable. The prescribing of an eligibility
condition for entitlement for consideration for promotion is within the
competence of the rule-making authority. This eligibility condiiion has
to be fulfilled by the Section Officers including senior direct recruits F
in order to be eligible for being considered for promotion. When
qualifications for appointment to a post in a particular cadre are
prescribed, the same have to be satisfied before a person can be
considered for appointment. Seniority in a particular cadre does not
entitle a public servant for promotion to a higher post unless he fulfils G
the eligibility condition prescribed by the relevant rules. A person
must be eligible for promotion having regard to the qualifications
prescribed for the post before he can be considered for promotion.
Seniority will be relevant only amongst persons eligible. Seniority
cannot be substituted for eligibility nor it can over-ride it in the matter
of promotion to the next higher post. The rule in question which H
438 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A prescribes a unifonn period of qualified services cannot be said to be
arbitrary or unjust violative of Articles 14 or 16 of the Constitution."

Jn view of the clear statement of law, the respondents before us cannot
claim promotion in their parent department in contravention of statutory
B Rules as they do not satisfy the eligibility conditions.

In T. Shantharam v. State of Karnataka & Ors., [ 1995] 2 SCC 538, the
appellant was appointed in the Revenue Department of the State Government
as Second Division Clerk. He was sent on deputation to the Food and Civil
Supplies Department which was then part of Revenue Department as Assistant
C Civil Supplies Inspector. There he was promoted as Second Grade Civil Supplies
Inspector. There was a seniority dispute between the appellant and Mr. R.K.
Vasudev who was appointed in the Food Wing of the Revenue Department.
The Court found that at all levels of appointments and promotions, the
appellant was always senior to Mr. R.K. Vasudev. But fact remained that the
appellant continued to be on deputation in the Food Wing of the Revenue
D Department right from 1967 to 1986. When the· appellant was sought to be
repatriated, he approached the Karnataka Administrative Tribunal which by
order dated January 28, 1988 directed absorption of the appellant in the Food
Department holding that he had not been given any profonna promotion in
his parent department and that there was no valid ground to reject his request
E for absorption and that the appellant was entitled for a direction to the
respondents to absorb him in the Department of Food and Civil Supplies in
the post then held by him. The appellant was, thus, absorbed and was placed
above R.K. Vasudev. The appellant was then promoted as Assistant Director
on January I, 1980. Similarly, R.K. Vasudev was also promoted as Assistant
Director. The question before this Court was of the inter se seniority between
F the appellant and R.K. Vasudev. This Court agreed that as per Rules, the
appellant could not have been sent on deputation to higher post than the
post held by him in the parent Department. But then the Court said that he
had uninterruptedly worked in the Food Department and under those
circumstances though initially the appellant might have been mistakenly deputed
G to hold higher post in the Food and Civil Supplies Department, 1iut "since
the appellant had obviously discharged his duties and higher responsibilities
to the satisfaction of all concerned, at this distance of time, it is highly unjust
to send him back to hold the post in the parent department which he was
entitled to hold and the Tribunal is not right to interfere with action of the
department in its absorption of the appellant as per its own earlier order." This
H judgment is quite distinguished and of no help to the respondents as the
STATE v. INDER SINGH [D.P. WADHWA, J.] 439
question which falls squarely for consideration before us was not there and A
the appellant in that case had been absorbed by the department. In the
present case before us, there is no separate cadre io which the respondents
or any one of them could be absorbed. In Narayan Yeshwant Gore v. Union
of India & Ors., [1995] 4 SCC 470, the appellant who was working in the
National Sample Survey Organisation as Inspector was sent on deputation to B
Census Department at Nagpur. He remained there from 1961 to 1975 and
earned promotion. His last promotion being that of Assistant Director. When
he came back to his parent department, he was appointed as Assistant
Director on ad hoc basis. While he was on deputation, his juniors in· the
parent department were appointed as Assistant Directors on ad hoc basis.
After the decision of this Court in Narender Chadha & Ors. v. Union of C
India, [1986] 2 SCC 157, where it was held that all those officers who were
appointed as Assistant Directors in the National Sampie Survey Organisation
should be deemed to have been appointed substantively from the date of
their ad hoc appointment. In consequence there of, they became senior to the
appellant. This Court held that the appellant was similarly situated along with D
those who were granted benefit by this Court and merely because the appellant
was working in the Census Department at the relevant time, he could not be
prejudiced. The Court extended the benefit given in Narender Chadha's Case
(supra) to the appellant as well. Again this decision does not support the case
of the respondents before us.
E
Concept of "deputation" is well understood in service law and has a
recognised meaning. 'Deputation' has a different connotation in service law
and the dictionary meaning of the word 'deputation' is of no help. In simple
words 'deputation' means service outside the cadre or outside the parent
department. Deputation is deputing or transferring an employee to a post
outside his cadre, that is to say, to another department on a temporary basis. F
After the expiry period of deputation the employee has to come back to his
parent department to occupy the. same position unless in the mea~while he
has earned promotion in his parent department as per Recruitment Rules.
Whether the transfer is outside the normal field of deployment or not is
decided by the authority who controls the service or post from which the G
employee is transferred. There can be no deputation without the consent of
the person so deputed and he would, therefore, know his rights and privileges
in the deputation post. The law on deputation and repatriation is quite settled
as we have also seen in various judgments which we have referred to above.
There is no escape for the respondents now to go back to their parent
departments and working there as Constables or Head Constables as the case H
440 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A may be.

It is no doubt really harsh on the respondents to be sent back after they
have served ~he CID for number of years in higher rank though on ad hoc
basis and now when they .go back they have to work either as Constables
or Head Constables. It was submitted before us that an employee could seek
B voluntary retirement after putting in 20 years of qualifying service and that
the High Court in the impugned judgment gave option to the respondents to
seek voluntary retirement while still working in the CID and holding higher
ranks. This option can, however, be limited to only those respondents ,who
have put in 20 years of qualifying service as per the relevant Rules. In our
C opinion, the High court was justified in giving such an option to the
respondents to seek voluntary retirement. At the time when special leave
petitions were filed against the impugned judgment of the High Court, this
Court directed that status quo be maintained while staying the impugned
judgment of the High Court. The High Court in the writ petitions filed by the
respondents granted stay of the orders of repatriation. After the impugned
D judgment, there was order of status quo by this Court. In this view of the
matter, the respondents continued to be in the CID. We affirm the impugned
judgment of the High Court to the extent that the respondents who put in 20
years of qualifying service in their parent departments and in CID would be
entitled to seek voluntary retirement from the ranks they are holding in CID
E and the period of qualifying service would be counted upto the date of this
judgment. These options the respondents shall give within 30 days from the
date of this judgment. The respondents who do not give such option and
those respondents who have not put in 20 years of qualifying service would
have to revert back to their parent department.

F It is in fact an admitted position that Constables on deputation to CID
have reached higher ranks and retired form CID in those ranks. A hope,
though not true, is instilled in officers like the respondents that they would
continue in the CID holding higher ranks till the age of superannuation. The
conduct of the appellants now suddenly asking the .respondents to go back
G to their parent departments when they have put in best years of their lives
in CID would appear to be rather unjust. It would have been more appropriate
for the appellant to repatriate the respondents after the expiry of the initial
period of deputation or at least they should have been told the consequences
of their continuing on deputation and sudden repatriation. It would also be
more appropriate, considering the fact that the deputation in CID could be for
H any number of years, that the rules are amended and a separate cadre is
STATE v. INDER SINGH [D.P. WADHWA, J.] 441
granted in CID to absorb the officers, if they are on 'deputation' for a number A
of years. It is submitted before us that Constables who have come on
'deputation' to CID retired while holding higher ranks in CID and they earned
their pension on the basis of their holding higher ranks though the pension
was being paid by their parent department. This may be on the basis of
. relevant pension rules as applicable in the State. Now, if the respondents go B
back to their parent department and work their as Constables or Head
Constables their emoluments would be reduced considerably and they would
be deprived of getting higher pension when they retire.

Considering the whole aspect of the matter we affirm the order of the
High Court to the extent that option. be given to all those respondents who C
have put in 20 years qualifying service to seek voluntary retirement from the
CID in the ranks they are holding and they will be deemed to have worked
in CID upto the date of this judgment. The option shall be given within 30
days.

. Except as aforesaid the appeals are allowed and the impugned judgment D
J
is set aside. Writ petitions filed by the respondents are dismissed. There will
be no order as to costs.

B.KS. Appeals allowed. E

...

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