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Supreme Court of India

STATE OF PUNJABversusGURDIP KAUR

Citation
2008 INSC 1192
Decided
21 October 2008
Disposal
Dismissed

Holding

The combined effect of the FIR delay, report dispatch delay, and contradictory medical evidence showed that the prosecution failed to establish the charge, so the High Court’s acquittal stands.

Summary

The State of Punjab appealed the acquittal of Gurdip Kaur and co‑accused by the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The trial court had convicted them under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for murder. The High Court set aside the convictions, citing a substantial delay in lodging the FIR, an unexplained delay in forwarding the report to the area magistrate, the unreliability of the eye‑witness testimony, and a material inconsistency between the medical report and the ocular evidence. The Supreme Court held that while none of these factors alone is fatal, their combined effect demonstrated that the prosecution failed to prove the charge beyond reasonable doubt. Consequently, the Court found no ground to interfere with the High Court’s judgment and dismissed the appeal.

Issues considered

  • Whether the delay in lodging the FIR and in dispatching the report to the area magistrate, together with conflicting medical and ocular evidence, warrants setting aside the High Court’s acquittal.
  • Whether such procedural delays and evidentiary inconsistencies are sufficient to overturn an acquittal on the ground of prosecution failure.

Legislation cited

Subjects

murderIPC s.302IPC s.34delay in FIRevidence credibilitymedical evidenceocular evidencecriminal appealacquittal

Judgment

                                       [2008] 15 S.C.R. 305
~._




                                       STATE OF PUNJAB                              A
..,....
                                                 II.
                                         GURDIP KAUR
                               (Criminal Appeal No. 1063 of 2003)

                                       OCTOBER 21, 2008
                                                                                    B
                          [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, C.K. THAKKER AND
                               LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, JJ.]
          t
           '
          -~


                        Penal Code, 1860 - s. 302 rlw s. 34 - Conviction under
                   - Acquittal by High Court on the ground that there was delay     c
                   in lodging FIR and in dispatching the report to area
                   magistrate, evidence of eye-witnesses incredible and medical
                   evidence at variance with ocular evidence - Interference with
                   - Held: Not called for - From the combined effect of all the
                   factors, it is clear that prosecution failed to establish        D
                   accusations - Evidence - Criminal trial.

                       CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal
                   No. 1063 of 2003.

                       From the final Judgment and Order dated 29.9.1997 of the     E
                   High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Criminal
                   Appeal No. 16908/1995.

                         Kuldip Singh, R.K. Pandey, T.P. Mishra and H.S. Sandhu
           ·t-     for the Appellant.
               ~
                                                                                    F
                       Varinder Kumar Sharma for the R~spondent.

                       The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

                        DR. ARIJIT PASA VAT, J. 1. Challenge is this appeal is
                                                                                    G
                   to the judgment of a Division Bench of the Punjab and Haryana
                   High Court of Punjab and Haryana directing acquittal6.
                                                                           of the
                   respondent. Two appeals were filed before the High Court i.e.
                   Criminal Appeal No. 169'-DB of 1995 and Criminal Appeal No.
                                                305                                 H
    306         SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2008] 15 S.C.R.


A 328-DB of 1995. Both the appeals were directed against the
  judgment of learned Sessions Judge, Bhatinda holding that
                                                                            -.......
  each of the accused persons were guilty of offence punishable.
  under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal
  Code, 1860 (in short 'IPC'). The two appellants in the two
                                                                                ~
B connected appeals faced trial along with one Sant Singh who
  was acquitted by the trial Court.

       2. Detailed reference to the factual position is not            1
  necessary,·in view of the conclusions of the High Court in the       -*
  two appeals. Firstly it was submitted that there was
c considerable delay in lodging the first information report and
  secondly there was considerable unexplained delay in sending
  the report to the Elaka Magistrate. It was concluded by the High
  Court that these factors apart from the fact that the evidence
  of the so called eye-witness was not credible and cogent and
D also the medical evidence was clearly at variance with the
  ocular version rendered prosecution version vulnerable.
                                                                     }
         3. Learned counsel for the appellant-State submitted that
    the factors which have weighed with the High Court to direct
E   acquittal cannot be maintained. Learned counsel for the
    respondent accused on the other hand supported the judgment.

       4. Though it cannot be laid as a rule of universal
  application that whenever there is delay in lodging the FIR and/
  or there is delay in despatching the report to the Elaka           -t·
F Magistrate and/or the medical evidence is at some variance
  with the ocular evidence. The prosecution has to fail in the
  instant case the combined effect of the three factors leave no
  manner of doubt that prosecution has failed to establish the
  accusations. The view taken by the High Court is a possible
G view and we do not consider this to be a fit case where any
  interference is called for.
                                                                     .:\.
           5. The appeal is accordingly dismissed.

    N.J.                                      Appeal dismissed.
H


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