STATE OF U.P.versusSIKANDER ALI AND ORS.

A                                STATE OF U.P.
                                         v.
                          SIKANDER ALI AND ORS.

                                 APRIL 3, I 998

B                 [M.M. PUNCCHI, CJ., K.T. THOMAS AND
                         S. RAJENDRA BABU, JJ.]

         Criminal Law :

         Indian Panel Code, 1860 :
c         Section 302-Murder-Two persons shot dead-FIR Lodged giving
    vivid details including names of the assailants and witness-Conviction by
    Trial Court-Sentenced to death-Reappreciation of Evidence-On appeal,
    sentence of death set-aside by High Court-Held : High Court should not
    have disturbed the finding of trial court's order-Conviction of the accused
D   restored-However, sentence of death commuted to imprisonment for life.

         Criminal Procedure 1973:

          Section 161-Delay of 24 days in examining the eye witness-IO's
    involvement in other duties relating to the upkeep of law and order-Held:
E   Lapse of the investigation should not prevent the court from accepting eye
    witnesses' evidence, if it is otherwise truthfal.

         The accused - respondents, were prosecuted under section 302 IPC.
    Fm was lodged by the eye witness [PWll with vivid details of the occurrence
    including full identity oUhe assailants and witness (PW21, within an hour
F   of occurrence.

          On the basis of the evidence of PWl and PW2 , the trial court convicted
    the accused-respondents under section 302 IPC and sentenced them to death.

G         On appeal, the High Court, reappreciating the evidence under Sections
    391 and 311 of the Criminal Procedure Code acquitted the accused. Hence
    this appeal by State.

          On behalf of the appellant, it was contended that the evidence of PWl
    and PW2 should have been assessed on its own worth and further contended
H   that the appellate court has committed a grave error in knocking it off on
                                        658
             STATE OF lJ P v. SIKANDAR ALI [THOMAS. J]                      659
the fra:,>ilc premise that the police officer tlitl not itlentify PW land PW2 at   A
the spot.

      Disposing of the a11peal, this Court

      HELD : I. I. The High Cou11 committed a serious error in using ttie
omission of the field officer in noticing the kith and kin of the deceased in      B
the crowd for jettisoning the strong evidence of PWl and PW2. The trial
court has rightly believed the testimony of PWJ and PW2 and the High Com1
should not haw tlisturbed that finding. [663-B)

      1.2. Failure of the Police Oflicer to examine PW2 for twenty four days
should not have heen used to drop his evidence out. Investigating officer said     c
he was unable to question PW2 earlier as he himself was very much involved
in other tluties relating to the U!lkeep of law and order. Thus, lapse of the
investigation should not prevent the com1 from acce!'ting the eye witnesses
evidence if it is otherwise truthful. [662-B)

      Ranbir and ors. v. State of P;111jab. AIR (1973) SC 1409 and Ganesh
                                                                                   D
Bhawan Patel and another v. State of Maharas/ra. AIR (1979) SC 135,
referretl.

      2. In the instant case, there is no warrant for awarding death l'enalty
to the accused. Ends of .iustice woultl be met by sentencing them each to          E
iml'risonment for life. [663-C)

     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDJCTION : Criminal Appeal No.
656 of 1990.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 26.4.90 of the Allahabad High Court        F
in Crl. A. No. 14 75 of 1988.

      Vishwajit Singh and A.S. Pundir for the Appellant.

      A.K. Ganguli (A.C.J and Dileep Tandon for the Respondents.
                                                                                   G
     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      THOMAS, J. The place of occurrence of this double murder case is
within the vicinity of the Sessions Court of Allahabad. Victims of the murder
were inter se brothers-in-law and the alleged murderers were also like that.
One of the victims was facing trial in another murder case at the same             H
    660                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [1998] 2 S.C.R.

A Sessions Court and with his murder the said trial stood abated in that case.
    But the trial in the present case passed through all the stages and the
    sessions court convicted the two accused of murder and death penalty was
    imposed on them. The High Court of Allahabad on appeal acquitted them
    both. So the State of U.F. has come up with this appeal by special leave.

B          Murder for murder was the motivation for the occurrence as per the
    prosecution case. Synopsisi of this case is that a man named Pappu (who
    was the brother of first accused Sikandar Ali) was slain about a yea'r prior to
    the incident in this case, and police had challened Shamsher Singh alies Niley
    (one of the deceased) as an accused in that murder case along with some
C   others. That case was committed to the court of sessions and the trial was
    proceeding before the sessions court. There was a posting of the case on
    16.7.1986 on which day the deceased Shamsher Singh went to the sessions
    court in the company of his brother-in-law Ramji Tripathi (the other deceased
    in this case), his brother Avtar Singh (PW-1) and father Harnam Singh (PW-
    2). As the court adjourned the case to another date the parties and those who
D   escorted them dispersed from the precincts of the court. While the two
    deceased rode on a scooter PW-I and PW-2 were on foot. They first passed
    the Treasury Gate and when the scooter turned to the right side of the road
    the two assailants, who were in ambush behind the compound wall, stretched
    up and fired from their pistols at the scooterist and his pillion rider. Both fell
E   down on the road and the appellants fled form the scene adn escaped in spite
    of a chase made by Avtar Singh.

          Shamsher Singh died at the spot. The other injured (Ramji) was taken
    to the hospital in a police jeep but he too did not survive long due to fatal
    bullet injuries sustained. PW-1 Avtar Singh went to the nearby police station
F   and lodged FIR at 1.15 P.M.

          The trial court, relying on the testimony of PW-1 and PW-2 came to the
    conclusion that assailants of the two victims were the accused in this case.
    Hence, they were convicted and sentenced to death. Reference made by the
    Sessions Judge for confirimation of the death sentence was considered along
G   with the appelas filed by the two accused and by the judgement under appeal
    learned Judges of the High Court have set aside the convition and sentence.

          High Court declined to rely on tl1e testirmony of PW-1 and PW-2 mainly
    on the strength of the evidence collected by the High Court under Section
    391 read with section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Such a course
H   was adopted by the High Court when it noticed that a police jeep had reached
             STATE or.UP. v. SJKANDAR ALI [THOMAS, J.j                    661

the spot of occurrcnc soon <1fter the incident in which \'Chicle injured Ramji   A
was rnshed to the nearest hospital. Learned Judges therefore felt that
examination of the said police officer 11 as of Yitai importance in this case
particularly for appreciating the evidence of the eye-witnesses.

       Shri Ram Praskash Tandon, the 3rd Field Officer (Police) was thus
summoned by the High Court for examination. In his evidence Shri Tandon          B
said that while perambulating around the area he reached the spot and found
two injured persons lying on the road, one of them was already dead and ·the
other was not yet dead and that the sun'iving person was rnshed to Sir Tej
Bahaudar Sapru Hospital and then he returned to the palce of occrrence
again.
                                                                                 c
      High Court thought if PW -I Avtar Singh who is the real brother of one
of the victims and PW-2 Harnam Singh being his father were present at the
scene it wonld not have escaped the notice of the police officer. Learned
Judges further pointed out that as PW-2 Hamam Singh was questioned by
PW-4 (the investigating officer) only after twenty four days of the occurrence   D
much of the evidentairy value of his testimony has eroded. Consequently, the
High Court declined to act on the testimory of PW -1 and PW -2.

      Learned counsel for the State of U.P. contended that evidence of the
two eye-withesses should have been assessed on its own worth and the High
Court has committed a grave error in knocking it off on the fragile premise      E
that the police officer did not identify them al the spot.

      Shri Ram Prak3sh Tandon has further stated in his evidence that he
happended to stop at the place ofoccurrence as he found a crowd thronging
there and he learned that two pesrons were shot by two killers. After rushing
the injured, who was still alive to tl1e hosptal he came back to the scene and   F
by that time the local police were making Panchnama. Shri Tandon said that
he did not bother himself to know whether relatiYes of the injured were
present or whether any one was weeping at that place. Nobody told him the
name and addresses of the injured, but he heard then the the dead person
was Sardarji and name of the injured was Ramji whom he carried to the            G
ho~pital and his killer was one Sikandar.


     How could it be inferred from the evidence of Shri Tandon that PW-I
Avtar Sngh and PW-2 Hamam Singh could not have seen the occurrcnt'I It
must be remembered that Shri Tandon did not knm1· those persons earlier and
hence there is not question of his identifying them al the spot. Secondly he     H
    662                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     (1998] 2 S.C.R.

A briskly got himself engaged in the task to save the remaining injured. If so,
    it was not the occasion to waste his time for enquiring as to who among the
    crowd would lrnYe been the kith and kin of the vitims.                             li' •..
          Failure of the police officer to examine PW-2 Harnam Singh for twenty
    four days should not has been used to drop hsis evidence out. Investigating
B   officer said that he was unable to question PW-2 ealier as he himself was very
    much involeved in other duties relating to the upkeep of law and order. This
    Court has repeately cautioned that lapse of the investigation should not
    prevent the court from accepting the eye-witnesses' evidence it it is otherwise
    truthful.
c         It has been observed in Ranhir and others v. State of Punjab, AIR
    (1973) SC 1409 that .. the question of delay in examing a withness during
    im·estigation is material only if it is indicative and suggestive of some unfair
    practice by the investigating agency for the purpose of introducing a got up
    witness to falsely support the prosecution case." In Ganseh Bhavan Pata/
D   and anotherv. State ofMaharashtra, AIR (1979) SC 135 a three-Judge Bench
    of this Court observed that delay in questioning a withness by itself cannot
    amount to any serious infirmity in the prosecution case. "But it may assume
    such a character if ther<'! are concomitant circumstamces to suggest that the
    ivestigator was deliberately marking time with a view to decide about the
    shape to be given to the case and the eye witness to be introduced."
E
          While dealing with the evidence of PW-1 we cannot over look a striking
    feature that his version regarding occurrence gained entry in police records
    within an hour of occurrence. Ex. K.17 is the FIR which was recorded at 1.15
    P.M. on 16.7.1986. There is not even a suggestion from the defecne side that
F   the said FIR was not prepared at the said time. PW-1 A"1ar Singh has given
    vivid details of the occurrence including full identity of the assailants in the    A
    FIR. He has also mentioned therein that his father PW-2 Harnam Singh was
    also with him then.

           No.Court can afford to ignore the aforesaid strong circumstances while
G evaluating the evidence of PW- I Avtar Singh and PW-2 Harnam Singh. They
    are greatly overriding factors vis-a-vis the omission on the part of Shri
    Tandon to identify any kith and kin of the deceased among the crowd.

          That apart. when PW-I and PW-2 said that they too went to the
    sessions court along with Shamsher Singh as the case was posted on that
H   day the court must bear in mind 'that it is not an unusual practice in this
                     STA TE or U.P. v. SIKANDAR ALI [THOMAS, J.)                 663

       country for male members of the famiy of the accussed to accompany him           A
       while going to the court to face trial in criminal cases. PW-I and PW-2 said
       that they also went to the sessions court along with his son. This is a very
       probable version.

             According to us, the High Court committed a serious error in using the
       omission of Shri Ram Prakash Tandon, the Field Officer (Police) in noticing      B
       the kith and kin of the deceased in the crowd for jettisoning the strong
       evidence of PW-I and PW-2. The sessions court has rightly belived their
       testimony and the High Court should not have disturbed that finding.

              Resultantly, we upset the order of acquittal and restore the conviction   C
       of the two accused of the offence under Section 302 IPC. But we do not think
       that there is any warrart for awarding death panalty to the accused. Ends of
       justice would be met by sentencing them each to imprisonment for life.
       Accordingly, we sentence each of the accused to imprisonment for life. We
       direct the sessions court to resort to such steps as are necessary to put the
       accused back in jail to undergo the sentence.                                    D
              The appeal is disposed of accordingly.

       P.T.                                                    Appeal disposed of.




)...