STATE REPRESENTED BY DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICEversusK. N. NEHRU ETC.

                           [2017] 6 S.C.R. 472


A                    STATE REPRESENTED BY
                 DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE
                                  v.
                         K. N. NEHRU ETC.
                  (Criminal Appeal No. 1222 of 2017)
B
                            JULY21,2017
              [ARUN MISHRA AND AMITAVA ROY, JJ,]
            Code. of Criminal Procedure, 1973:
            s.239 - Discharge of accused - During further investigation
C - Propriety of - FIR by police against respondent No. I alleging
    that while serving as Minister in the State Government, he acquired
   assets in his name and in the name of his wife (respondent No.2)
    and his son, disproportionate to his known source of income -
   During investigation, respondent No.1 stated that he received
D certain amounts from his son - Police framed charge-sheet u/s. 13 (2)
    r/w. s.13(/)(c) of Prevention of Corruption Act against respondent
    No.J and u/s. 109 /PC rlw. s. 13(2) rlw. s.13(/)(c) of the Prevention
   of Corruption Act against respondent No.2 - Application u/s. 239
    seeking discharge - Trial Court directed further investigation to
  . ascertain the genuineness or otherwise of the income of son of the
E respondents - Revision filed by State seeking direction to frame
    charges - The respondents prayed for their discharge - High Court
    directed discharge of the respondents - On appeal, held: .The
    discharge of the respondents before completion of investigation is
   premature - Therefore, unsustainable.
F           Allowing the appeal, the Court
          HELD: 1. Having regard to the First Information Report,
  the explanation provided by respondent No.1, the charge-sheet
  submitted as well as the indispensability of the scrutiny of the
  sources of income of son of the respondents and his assets, the
G Courts below had rightly directed further investigation to verify
  the genuineness or otherwise of the source(s) of income of son
  of the respondents and his assets and the bearing thereof, if any,
  on the charge leveled against the respondents. [Para 13]
  [477-D-E]

H
                                 472
     STATE REPRESENTED BY D.S.P v. K.N. NEHRU ETC.                    473


        2. In this perspective, the High Court having endorsed A
the direction for further investigation, ought not to have recorded
its findings of exoneration of the respondents at this stage. In
fact, the discharge of the respondents flies in the face of the
direction for further investigation into the affairs of their son in
order to verify the lawfulness or otherwise of his source of income B
and his assets. In view of the correlation of the explanation
provided by respondent No.1 to the imputation of disproportionate
assets and the probe ordered into the affairs of his son, the
discharge of the respondents before the completion of the
investigation is visibly prematured. The finding in particular that
respondent No.1 had proved that he had received the amount C
only from his son and that the latter had received remuneration
for which he had paid TDS under the Income Tax Act and therefore
the question of disproportionateness of his assets did not arise,
in the face of the pending investigation, amounts to prejudging
the charge against the respondents. Discharging the respondents, D
pending the investigation against their son, at this stage, is
unsustainable in law as well as on facts. [Para 13] [477-F-H; 478-
A]
      State of MP. v. Sheet/a Sahai and Others (2009) 8 SCC
      617 : [2009] 12 SCR 1048; Randhir Singh Rana v. State
      (Delhi Administration) (1997) 1 SCC 361: [1996] 10              E
      Suppl. SCR 880; Reeta Nag v. State of West Bengal
      and others (2009) 9 SCC 129 : [2009] 13 SCR 276 -
      distinguished.
                      Case Law Reference
[2009] 12 SCR 1048             distinguished          Para 14         F

[1996] 10 Suppl. SCR 880      distinguished           Para 14
· [2009] 13 SCR 276            distinguished          Para 14


       CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal               G
No. 1222 of 2017.

        From the Judgment and Order dated 19.12.2013 of the High
Court of Madras at Madurai Bench in Crl. R. C. (MD) Nos.416 and 561
of2013.
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474            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2017] 6 S.C.R.



A            Mukul Rohtagi, Subramonium Prasad, Sr. Advs., M. Yogesh
      Kanna, Ms. Nithya, Mrs. Maha Lakshmi, Advs. for the Appellant.
             Vivek K. Tankha, Jaideep Gupta, Sr. Advs., D. Kumanan, Satya
      Mitra Garg, V. G. Pragasam, S. Prabu Ramasubramanian, R. Baskaran,
      Advs. for the Respondents.
 B            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
              AMITAVA ROY, J. 1. Leave granted.
              2. In impugnment, is the judgment and order dated 19.12.2013
      of the Madras High Court , Madurai Bench whereby the assail to the
.C    order dated 05.04.2013 passed by the Special Court for Trial of Cases
      under Prevention of Corruption Act, Tiruchirappalli made by the appellant/
      State has been dismissed and the prayer by the respondents for their
      discharge from the Special Case No.92 of2012 under Sections 13(2) r/
      w 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (for short,
      hereinafter to be referred to as the "Act") and Section 109 of the Indian
 D    Penal Code (for short hereinafter to be referred to as the "IPC") has
      been allowed.
               3. We have heard Mr. Mukul Rohtagi, learned Senior Counsel
      for the appellant and M/s. Jaideep Gupta and Vivek K. Tankha, learned
      Senior Counsel for the respondent Nos. l and 2 respectively.
 E
               4. The genesis of the present discord is traceable to the first
      information report being FIR No.25/2011 dated 15.09.2011 lodged by
      the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Vigilance and Anti-Corruption,
      Kajamalai, Trichy alleging that the respondent No. I while serving as the
      Minister of Transport, Government of Tamil Nadu from May, 2006 to
·F    March 2011 had acquired assets in his name and in the names of his
      wife Shanta (respondent No.2) and son Arun, far beyond their known
      sources of income. The check period was mentioned therein to be from
      13.05.2006 to 24.03.2011. It was imputed that the respondents and their
      son on the date of commencement of the check period were in possession
 G    of pecuniary resources and assets worth Rs.2,83,87,518.58 which swelled
      to Rs.18,52,99,420.40 on 24.03.2011 i.e. at the end of the check period.
      Further details being unnecessary at this stage, it would be suffice to
      state that on the basis of these allegations the aforementioned case was
      registered and was taken up for investigation.

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          STATE REPRESENTED BY D.S.P v. K.N. NEHRU ETC.                            475
                        [AMITAVA ROY, J.]

               5. In course of the investigation that followed, the respondent A
      No. I, in writing was offered an opportunity to explain the allegation of
      possession by him and his family members, of pecuniary resources and
      assets disproportionate to his known source of income, to which he
      responded in writing on 09.07.2012, in substance referring to the
      remuneration from Mis. True Value Homes (India) Private Limited, B
      Chennai received by his son Arnn, income tax by way ofTDS paid by
      his said son for the remuneration so received, loan availed by his son
      from Mis. True Value Homes (India) Private Limited, Chennai for
      purchase of house property and repayment ofloan by him and mentioned
      the amounts corresponding to each head.
               6. On the completion of the investigation, charge-sheet was laid    C
      against the respondents herein under Section 13(2) rlw Section 13( I )(e)
      of the Act against respondent No. I and under Section I 09 IPC rlw
      Section 13(2) rlw Section 13(l)(e) of the Act against the respondent
      No.2, his wife. The charge-sheet mentioned the amount which according
      to the prosecution represented assets disproportionate to the known          D
      sources of income of the respondents. However, it was recorded that in
      working out the quantum of disproportionate assets in the FIR, the
      properties of Arun had also been accounted for as he was shown to be
      a dependent of respondent No. I. It further mentioned that the
      investigation disclosed that Arnn had not filed any Income Tax Return
                                                                                   E
      during the check period and therefore his exact income could not be
      ascertained and thus his name was deleted from the case and his
      properties were not clubbed with that of the public sei:vant i.e. the
      respondent No. I .
...
               7. At this juncture, the respondents herein filed an application
      under Section 239 of the Criminal Procedure Code before the Trial Court,     F
      seeking their discharge. Sans the inessential details, enough it would be
      to mention that the Trial Court on a consideration of the materials placed
      before it, was of the opinion that in view of the explanation offered by
      the respondent No. I, it was necessary to get the genuineness or otherwise
      of the income of Arun inquired into for which further investigation was      G
      called for. Being so satisfied that such a probe was indispensable to
      appropriately comprehend the charge of disproportionate assets as laid,
      the Trial Court by order dated 05.04.2013 directed such investigation
      into the income and properties of Arun. As it was perceived that the
      exercise so ordered would consume some time, the Trial Court dispensed
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476            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2017] 6 S.C.R.


A     with the personal appearance of the respondents herein till the completion
      thereof.
               8. Being aggrieved by this order, the State/Prosecution filed a
      revision petition before the High Court for a direction to frame charge
      against the respondents, who in turn prayed for their discharge.
B             9. By the impugned order, to reiterate, the respondents have
      been discharged. However, the direction for further investigation vis-a-
      vis Arun has been affirmed.
               10. The High Court in substance concurred with the Trial Court
      that in view of the explanation offered by the respondent No. I, tl;le
 C    prosecution was expected to verify from the relevant records as to
      whether Arun had paid the amount to him and further to ascertain the
      source of income of Arun. It held the view that even if Arun had not
      submitted his own accounts and other details, the prosecution was
      expected to include his name as one of the accused to prove that he had
D     not advanced any amount to the respondent No. I. The High Court
      inferred from such omission, that Arun indeed had lent money to the
      respondent No. I and thus the accusation of disproportionate assets qua
      him was untenable. It also recorded that the fact that Rs. 60 lacs had
      been paid by Arun to the respondent No. I stood proved. While endorsing
      the direction of the Trial CoUrt for further investigation to verify the
E     source of income of Arun as well as payments by him to respondent
      No.1, the High Court ordered discharge of the respondents.
               11. Mr. Rohtagi, learned Senior Counsel for the State has urged
      that in the overall conspectus of facts bearing on the charge leveled
      against the respondents and the materials already gathered in course of
 F    the investigation, the High Court ought not to have discharged them at
      this stage while affirming further investigation into the source of income
      of their son Arun. This is more so in the face of the explanation offered
      by the respondent No. I. According to the learned Senior Counsel, not
      only the observations made by the High Court in the impugned order
 G    suggesting the innocence of the respondents are not borne out by the
      records, those are patently predetermined and are likely to adversely
      affect the further investigation, as ordered by the Trial Court and affirmed
      by it. Mr. Rohtagi has maintained that as the outcome of the further
      investigation would have a vital bearing on the charge leveled against
      the respondents, their discharge at this stage is wholly unwarranted
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    STATE REPRESENTED BY D.S.P v. K.N. NEHRU ETC.                            477
                  [AMITAVA ROY, J.]

Considering the gravity of the charge and the disclosures in the             A
investigation already conducted, the order of discharge ought to be
interfered with by this Court, he insisted.
         12. As against this, Mr. Gupta has strenuously argued that as
the respondents have a right in law to satisfactorily explain the lawful
source of income and the assets alleged to be disproportionate before B
being prosecuted under the Act and it being evident on the face of the
records at this stage that the available materials do not substantiate the
allegation, the discharge of the respondents is perfectly justified and
does not merit any interference. According to the learned Senior Counsel,
the investigation into the lawfulness or otherwise of the source(s) of
income of Arun and the assets acquired therefrom though is relatable to C
the explanation furnished by the respondent No. I to the charge leveled
against him, their continuance as accused pending the probe as ordered
is indefensible in law.
          13. The rival assertions have been duly considered. Having regard
to the First Information Report, the explanation provided by the D
respondent No. I, the charge-sheet submitted as well as the indispensability
of the scrutiny of the sources of income of Arun and his assets, we are
of the view that the Courts below had rightly directed further investigation
to verify the genuineness or otherwise of the source(s) of income of
Arun and his assets and the bearing thereof, if any, on the charge leveled E
against the respondents. In this perspective, we are constrained to
observe that the High Court having endorsed the direction for further
investigation vis-a-vis Arun ought not to have recorded its findings of
exoneration of the respondents at this stage. In fact, the discharge of the
respondents flies in the face of the direction for further investigation into
the affairs of Arun in order to verify the lawfulness or otherwise of his F
source of income and his assets. In our estimate, in view of the correlation ·
of the explanation provided by the respondent No. I to the imputation of
disproportionate assets and the probe ordered into the affairs of Arun, to
say the least, the discharge of the respondents before the completion of
the investigation is visibly prematured. The finding in particular that the G
respondent No. I had proved that he had received the amount only froin
 his son Arun and that the latter had received remuneration for which he
 had paid TDS under the Income Tax Act and therefore the question of
disproportionateness of his assets did not arise, in the face of the pending
 investigation, amounts to prejudging the charge against the respondents.
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478             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2017] 6 S.C.R.


·A    We have thus no hesitation to hold that the order of the High Court,
      discharging the respondents herein, pending the investigation against Arun,
      at this stage, is unsustainable in law as well as on facts.
               14. The decisions cited on behalf of the respondent No. I in
      State ofM.P. vs. Sheet/a Saliai and others (2009) 8 SCC 617, Randhir
B     Singh Rana vs. State (Delhi Administration) ( 1997) I SCC 361 and
      Reeta Nag vs. State of West Bengal and others (2009) 9 SCC 129 are
      of no avail to him in view of the prima facie evaluation of the materials
      on record made by the courts below and the concurrent view entertained
      that in the facts and circumstances of the case, having regard to the
      gravity of the allegations and the tone and tenor of the explanation of
C     respondent No. 1, further investigation is called for to ascertain the
      sources of income of Arun and the extent thereof so as to render the
      assets claimed to be of his, is feasible therefrom. As the investigating
      agency in the instant case has not questioned the order for further
      investigation and rather has endorsed the same in order to disinter the
·D    correct facts pertaining to the case, the approach adopted by the trial
      court deserves to be endorsed in the singular facts of the case.
                 15. We hereby uphold the direction of the courts below for
      further investigation, as ordered. The Investigating Agency would, bear
      in mind, the seriousness of the charge and the avowed objectives of the
E     anti-corruption Jaw involved and conduct the investigation as expected
      of it and submit its report as expeditiously as possible. The appeal is thus
      allowed. The impugned order directing the discharge of the respondents
      is hereby set aside and the order of the Trial Court vis-a-vis them is
      restored. To reiterate, the Investigating Agency would complete the
      further investigation as ordered at the earliest so as to enable the Trial
 F    Court to proceed thereafter in accordance with Jaw. It is made clear
      that we have not offered any comment on the merits of the case. ·


      Kalpana K. Tripathy                                           Appeal allowed.