STEEMAN LTD.versusSTATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

A                               STEEMAN LTD.
                                          v.
                      STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

                                 MARCH 6, 1997

B             (DR .. A.S. ANAND AND K. VENKATASWAMI, JJ.]

          Arbitration Act, 1940: Section 30.

          Award--Cliallenge of-Grounds-Arbitrator failed to answer question
C of law raised before predecessor arbitrato1~From the non-speaking award it '
    was not possible to find out whether the arbitrator had applied his mind to a
    pmt of claim-Arbitrator had not given reasonable opportunity of meeting the
                                                                                    -
    case-Interest awarded was at too low a rate of 6% whereas claim was for
    18%---Held : No such question of law framed as an issue by arbitrato~Al­
    legation of Company's properties being forcibly taken possession of by
D   State-No separate claim made in the amended claim-Reasonable oppor-
    tunity of meeting the case-Giving of-Proved by the detailed minutes of the
    Arbitrator drawn at the sittings hi!,ld by him-No good reason to think that
    the Arbitrator had awarded interest at 6% without taking into account the
    relevant facts and circumstances of the case-Jurisdiction of the Court to
E   inteifere with the award confined to matters enumerated in S.30.

        The applicant/petitioner was awarded the work of construction of a
  Bridge. As there was some dispute between the parties regarding the
  progress of the work and payments for the same, the petitioner submitted
  disputes/differences for adjudication by an arbitrator. However, the
F respondents imposed a penalty in addition to rescinding the contract.
  Against the order rescinding the contract and imposing penalty, the
  petitioner successfully appealed to the State Government. Consequently,
  the petitioner was allowed to proceed with the work and the disputes were
  referred to an arbi\rator. The arbitrator entered upon the reference. While
G the arbitration proceedings were going on, the respondents again res-
  cinded the contract finally.

          The petitioner submitted additional claims before the arbitrator
    consequent upon the rescinding of the contract finally. The petitioner also
    raised a question of law before the arbitrator. The arbitrator referred that
H   question for opinion of the High Court under Section 13 (b) of the Arbitra-
                                        770
                            STEEMAN LTD. v. STATE                           771

     tion Act, 1940. While that was pending a new arbitrator was appointed. A

--   The High Court while setting aside the removal of the previous arbitrator



-
     did .not continue with the new arbitrator. Since, no orders were passed by
     the High Court for proceeding further with the arbitration matter, the
     petitioner filed a Transfer Petition before this Court. This Court disposed
     of the Transfer Petition by appointing an arbitrator. The said arbitrator B
     duly entered upon the reference, held as many as 10 sittings/hearings and
•.   drew minutes of every meeting in. detail. Based on that an award was
     passed and filed in this Court. The petitioner had filed an application
     challenging the award.

           On behalf of the petitioner it was contended that the arbitrator failed C
     to answer the question of law raised' before predecessor arbitrator, that
     since the arbitrator had made a non-speaking award it was not possible
     to find out whether he had applied his mind to a part of the claim; that
     the arbitrator had not given a reasonable opportunity of meeting the case;
     and that the interest awarded was at too low a rate as the claim was for
     18% and the award was at 6%.                                                  D

           Dismissing the application, this Court

            HELD : 1. By consent of both the parties, the arbitrator framed
     issues for adjudication and the question of law now being raised was not E
     one of the issues. Further the so-called question of law loses its relevance,
     after the appointment of the new arbitrator by the Court, as indeed no act
     of rescinding the contract took place after this Court appointed the
     Arbitrator. Therefore, there is no substance in the first point. [775-B]

           2. The Arbitrator as quite justified in not awarding any amount F
     under a separate head for the property of the Company forcibly taken
     possw;sion of in the light of the amended claims presented before him.
     There is thus no substance in the argument that the claim as originally
     put forward regarding company property allegedly taken possession of by
     the respondent illegally and forcibly, was not. separately considered by the G
     Arbitrator. In fact, no such separate claim was made by the petitioner in
     the amended claim. [777-E-F]

                                                                  a
          3. The contention that the petitioner was not given reasonable
                                                        in
     opportunity of meeting the case is not acceptable view of the detailed
     minutes of the Arbitrator drawn at the sittings which extended to 10 in . H
                                                                                  '
    772                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [1997) 2 S.C.R.

A   number. (777-G]

          Suresh Ragho Desai & Anr. v. Smt. Vijaya Vi11ayak Ghag, (1988] 4



B
    SCC 591 and Rajpur Development Authority & Ors. v. Mis. Chokhamal
    Contractors & Ors., [1989] 2 SCC 721, referred to.

          4. There is no good reason to think that the Arbitrator has awarded
                                                                                      -
    interest at 6% as against 18% claimed without taking into account the
    relevant facts and circumstances of the case. Further the jurisdiction of
    the Court to interfere with the award is confined to matters enumerated
    in Section 30 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 and the point regarding interest
C   would not fall within the ambit of Section 30 of the Act. (779-A-B]

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Interlocutory Application.
    No. 1.

                                          IN

D         Transfer Petition (C) No. 233 of 1980.

                                       WITH

          Special Leave Petition (C) No. 15978 of 1986.

E        From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.86 of the Himachal Pradesh
    High Court in C.R. No. 5 of 1973.

          M.L. Verma and S.K. Gambhir for the Applicant/Petitioner.

          B. Dutta, L.R. Nath and J.S. Attri for the Respondents.
F
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          VENKATASWAMI, J. On a close and careful scrutiny of the facts we
    find that the dispute in these matters lies in a very narrow compass, but
    longwinding arguments were addressed by referring to matters which have
G   no real relevance to the actual disputes in these matters.

          Brief facts leading to the filing of these two matters are the following:

          The work of construction of Sitla Bridge over river Ravi at Champa
    was awarded after negotiation to the applicanUpetitioner (Mis Steeman
H   Ltd.) on 31.12.1969. We are not giving details as they are not necessary. As
                  STEEMANLTD.¥. STATE[VENKATASWAMI,J.]                       773

    . there was some dispute between the parties regarding the progress of the A
      work and payments for the sa~e. The petitioner Company submitted


-
      disputes/differences for adjudication by an arbitrator as per clause 29 of
      the agreement. While so, the Executive Engineer, Champa Division im-
      posed penalty of Rs. 63,000 in addition to rescinding the contract on
      5.7.1971. Against the order rescinding the contract and imposing penalty, B
      the petitioner Company successfully appealed to the Government- of
      Himachal Pradesh. Consequently,. the Company was allowed to proceed
      with the work and the disputes were referred to an arbitrator.

               As Arbitrator originally appointed was not acceptable to the
    · . petitioner company one, Mr. R.K. Sarkar was appointed as arbitrator oy C
      · mutual consent of parties. The said arbitrator entered upon the reference.

           While the arbitration proceedings were going on, the respondents
     again rescinded the contract finally on 7.6.1972.

             On 7.10.1972, the petitioner Company submitted additional claims D
      before the arbitrator consequent upon the rescinding of the contract finally.
      The petitioner Company also raised a question of law before the arbitrator,
      namely, 'whether the respondent was competent to rescind the contract on
      the ground of slow progress when the matter in dispute was subjudice
      before the arbitrator during the pendency of the case'. The arbitrator
      referred that question for opinion of the Himachal Pradesh High Court E
      under Section 13(b) of the Indian Arbitration Act. While that was pending,
      it appears that in the place of Mr. R.K. Sarkar one Mr. O.B. Sablok was
      appointed as arbitrator. The petitioner challenged the substitution of the
      arbitrator before the High Court. The High Court while setting aside the
      removal of Mr. R.K. Sarkar and the appointment of Mr. O.B. Sablok as
      arbitrator, did not continue Mr. R.K. Sarkar as arbitrator. Since, no orders F
      were passed by the High Court for proceeding furthr.r with the arbitration
      matter, the petitioner Company moved this Court by filing Transfer Peti-
      tion No. 233 of 1980 for transfer of the cases to some other High Court.
      This Court disposed of the Transfer Petition on 12.3.1984 by appointing
      one Mr. G.N. Ramaswamiah, Chief Engineer (IPH) H.P. FWD. with the G
      mutual consent of the parties with a direction to the said arbitrator to enter
      upon the reference and directing both the parties to appear before him on
     ·3.9.1984.

            The said arbitrator duly entered upon the office, held as many as 10
     sittings/hearings and drew minutes of every meeting in detail. Based on that · H
    774                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   (1997] 2 S.C.R.

A an award' has been passed on 14.6.1985.

          The High Court (before which the question of law above mentioned,
    was referred to by Mr. R.K. Sarkar, the previous Arbitrator) disposed of
    the matter on 3. 7.1986 stating that since the successor Arbitrator had made
    the award, there was no need to answer the question. On that view, the
B   High Court dismissed the reference matter. Aggrieved by that the above
    special leave petition has been filed.

           When we asked the learned Senior Counsel appearing for the
    petitioner whether anything survives in the special leave petition not only
C   in view of the issues raised before the Arbitrator for adjudication but also
    having regard to the arbitrator appointed by this Court passing the award,
    the leaned counsel frankly submitted that the special leave petition has
    become infructuous. Accordingly, we dismiss the same as having become
    infructuous.

D         Award has been filed in this Court. Petitioner has filed objections to
    the award.

          Challenging the award as such, the learned counsel raised four
    points.

E         The first point raised is that the arbitrator should have answered the
    question of law raised before the predecessor arbitrator and the failure to
    do so vitiates the award.

           Secondly, the arbitrator has made a non-speaking award and, there- ,
    fore it is not possible to find out whether he has applied his mind to that
F   part of the claim amounting to rupees two lakhs eighteen thousand which
    represented the goods seized after rescinding the contract.

         Thirdly, the arbitrator has not given reasonable opportunity of meet-
  irig the case of the respondents and also in establishing the petitioner's
G case. In support of this contention he placed reliance on Suresh Ragho
  Desai and Another v. Smt. Vijaya Vinayak Ghag, [1988] 4 SCC 591 and
  Rajpur Development Authority & Others v. M/s. Chokhamal Contractors &
  Others, [1989) 2 SCC 721.

          And the last point is that the interest awarded was at too low a rate
H as_ the claim was for 18% and the award was at 6%.
                 STEEMANLTD. v. STATE[VENKATASWAMI,J.]                    775

           So far as the first point is concerned, we do not think that the said A
    question arises out of the present arbitration proceedings inasmuch as this
    Court appointed the present arbitrator to go into the disputes between the
    parties and the parties were directed to place before the arbitrator their
    respective disputes. As a matter of fact by consent of both the parties. The
    arbitrator framed issues for adjudication and it does not appear from the B
    issues that the question of law now being raised was one of the issues.
    Further the so-called question of law ioses its relevance, after the appoint-
    ment of the new arbitrator by this Court, as indeed no act of rescinding
    the contract took place after this court appointed the Arbitrator. There-
    fore, there is no substance in the first point.
                                                                                 c
          Regarding the second point, the facts a1 e like this. The petitioner
    company's demand in the original claim under clauses I & II read as
    follows:-

                                                       (in round figure
                                                       of 1000 rupees)           D
    I.   The work done by the company
         upto 16.9.1972 when it was forcibly
         dispossessed, approximately                       12,00,000.00

         Less value received from H.P.                                           E
         PWD, in the shape of cash or
         material                              (-)          3,00,000.00

                                                               9,00,000

         Plus for property of the company                                        F
         illegally & forcibly taken over on
         16.9.72 by the Department             ( +)         4,18,000.00

         Less value of material handed
         over to company                       (-)          2,00,000.00          G
                                                           11,18,000.00


-        Total amount on account of work
         down and property forcibly taken
         over plus interest @'i8% p.a. from                                      H
    776                        SUPREME COURT REPORTS
                                                                           .
                                                                     [1997} 2 S.C.R .

A            16-9-72 to 15-9-84, i.e. for 12 years   ( +)        24,15,000.00

             The total sum to which the
             company is entitled as on 15-9-84
             under this head                                     32,33,000.00

B   II. Damages on account of criminal
        breach of trust, fabricating false
        evidence, mischief, forgery, cheating,
        with intent to cause injust loss and
        injury to the petitioner. The company ·

c       claims a sum equal \o the money
        it was illegally deprived of                             11,18,000.00

          The above claims were modified before the present Arbitrator which
    read as follows :-

              Claims prefemd by the Petitioner :-
D
    I        (a) Claim on works done by the
             Company upto 16.9.72                            Rs. 11,18,000.00

             (b) Interest on the amount under
E            I(a) @ 18% per annum for a period
             of 12 years.                                    Rs. 24,15,000.00

    II. Claims made by the company
        under for reasons whatsoever as
        per clause of the agreement                         Rs. 11,18,000.00"
F
             [Other clauses omitted as not relevant)

          The Arbitrator has passed the award on the basis of the amended
    claim as follows :-

                     Claims preferred     Amount
G        S. No.                                             Awarded amount
                     by the petitioner claimed (Rs.)
        I.     (a)   Claim on works 11,18,000.00        I award Rupees Forty two
                     done by the                        thousand Nine hundred
                     company upto                       Forty Nine and Sixty Three
                     16.9.72                            paisa only. (Rs. 42,949.63)
H
            S1EEMANL1D. v. STA1E[VENKATASWAMI,J.)                      777

       (b) Interest on the 24,15,000.00      I award simple interest of      A
           amount under I(a)                 six percent for 12 years
                                             upto this date amounting
                                             to     Rupees     Thirty
                                             Thousand Nine Hundred
                                             Twenty Three and seventy        B
                                             three paisa only. (Rs.
                                             30,923.73)
 II.       Claims made by 11,18,000.00       I award Rupees Twenty
           the company on                    Three Thousand Two
           damages (This is                  Hundred Twenty Five lying
           amended claim                     m       deposit         with
                                                                             c
           from the earlier                  Respondent. Further I
           item" for reasons                 award Rupees Fifty
           whatsoever as per                 Thousand on i.1ventory of
           clause of the                     stores etc. totalling Seventy
           agreement), and                   Three Thousand Two              D
           amount 1s the                     hundred twenty Five only).
           same                              (23,225 + 50,000 =
                                             73,225.00)."

       The Arbitrator was in our opinion quite justified in not awarding any
amount under a separate head for the property of the Company forcibly E
taken possession in the light of the amended claims presented before him.
There is thus no substance in the argument that the claim as originally put
forward regarding company property allegedly taken possession of by
respondent illegally and forcibly, was not separately considered by the
Arbitrator. Answer is obvious viz. no such separate claim was made by the F
petitioner in the amended claim. Hence we have no hesitation to reject the
second point also.

      So far as the third point is concerned, namely that the petitioner was
not given reasonable opportunity to substantiate the case, we do not think
that we can accept that contention after perusing the detailed minutes of G
the Arbitrator drawn at the sittings which extended to 10 in number. As a
matter of fact, we find that the Arbitrator had called upon the petitioner
Company time and again to furnish documents to support the claims. But, ,
the petitioner has only partly compiled with the directions of the Ar-
bitrator. The Arbitrator had given full and reasonable opportunity to both H
    778                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  (1997] 2 S.C.R.

A parties to put forward their respective claims. At the last sitting dated
    5.4.85, the Arbitrator observed as follows :-

            'As far as oral hearing is concerned, it is closed but in case any
            clarifications are needed by the court after receipt of final reply
            from both the parties ~thin the dates stipulated above, the parties
B           may be summoned at short notice to seek such clarifications
            needed by the court.'

          Pursuant to the above, it appears the Arbitrator sent letters to both
    parties seeking certain clarifications. Taking advantage of that, learned
C   counsel for the petitioner argued that the Arbitrator has not given
    reasonable time to the petitioner to clarify the doubts. The learned counsel
    also invited our attention to a post-script found at the concluding part of
    the proceedings dated 30.5.85. The post-script reads as follows :-

             'That during the course of hearing, petitioner requested for an
D            interval to see the documents and give clarifications. Accordingly,
             the court adjourned for half an hour during the course of the
             proceedings.'

           According to the learned counsel, the time given Arbitrator was
    totally inadequate to. clarify the doubts and therefore, there was no
E   reasonable opportunity. As pointed out earlier, after going through the
    minutes of the Arbitrator drawn during the sittings, we do not think that
    there is any substance in the argument. Further neither of the counsel was
    in a position to explain as to who made the post -script and when was it
    entered in the proceedings of the Arbitrator. The decisions cited by the
F   learned counsel for the petitioner in support of his argument that want of
    reasonable opportunity would vitiate the award may not come to his aid as
    we are satisfied on the facts of the case, from the record including the
    minutes drawn meticulously, that the Arbitrator had given full and
    reasonable oportunity to both parties. Accordingly we find no force in this
G   point as well.

        As regards the last point concerning the interest, we are informed
  that there is no clause in the agreement regarding interest. Before the
  Arbitrator both parties appear to have agreed on the rate of interest at
  18%. However, the Arbitrator in the facts and circumstances of the case
H awarded interest at 6%. The agreement between the parties does not mean
                 STEEMAN LTD. v. STATE [VENKATASWAMI, J.]                     779

     that the Arbitrator was bogged down to that rate irrespective of other facts    A
     and circumstances of the case on hand. We have no good reason to think
     that· the Arbitrator has awarded interest at 6% as against 18% claim
     without taking not account the relevant facts and circumstances of the case.
     Further the jurisdiction of the Court to interfere with the award is confined
     to matters enumerated in Section 30 of the Arbitration Act. We do not           B
     think that the last point raised before us would fall within the ambit of
     Section 30 to interfere with the award.               ·

            In the result the Interlocutory Application 1/96 in Transfer Petition
     (Civil) No. 233/80 as well as Special leave petition (Civil) No. 15978/86
     stand dismissed. However, .there will be no order as to costs.                  C
     v.s.s.                                       Appeal and petition dismissed.




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